What Are the Different Types of Attention Disorders?

Note that for some time, mental activity points to something. There are two types of attention: active attention and passive attention. Passive attention is the lack of conscious purpose and involuntary and natural attention without any effort; active attention is conscious and predetermined purpose, so that attention is directed to a certain object, and in order to achieve this, if necessary Some effort must be made. The object of passive attention is often not very clear and clear. Generally, the so-called attention refers to active attention. Attention disorders are actually very common. For example, parents often complain that "the child is not attentive, and there are many small movements in class. He knows it, but the child cannot correct it himself." This is one type of attention disorder.

Attention disorder

Note that for some time, mental activity points to something. There are two types of attention: active attention and passive attention. Passive attention is the lack of conscious purpose and involuntary and natural attention without any effort; active attention is conscious and predetermined purpose, so that attention is directed to a certain object, and in order to achieve this purpose, if necessary Some effort must be made. The object of passive attention is often not very clear and clear. Generally, the so-called attention refers to active attention. Attention disorders are actually very common. For example, parents often complain that "the child is not attentive, and there are many small movements in class. He knows it, but the child cannot correct it himself." This is one type of attention disorder.

Attention Disorder Classification

There are six types of attention disorders:

Attention disorder attention enhancement

There are two types of attention enhancement. One is to pay attention to something external, such as a patient with a delusional idea. It often surrounds a systematic delusion with excessive attention to the actions of the person he suspects, even some small details. All remain highly aware and vigilant. The other is to point to some physiological activities of the patients themselves, such as the suspicion of the patients with neurosis, these patients often pay too much attention to their own health status or those morbid thinking content that make him worry, any other event is not easy to transfer them attention. Increased attention can strengthen or promote the development of mental symptoms.

Attention disorder

It is manifested as a noticeable weakening of active attention, that is, a lack of concentration. The patient cannot concentrate on a certain thing and maintain it for a long time, so that the attention is easily distracted. Even after reading a long time book, the results are still unintelligible It's like never read. More common in neurasthenia and schizophrenia.

Attention barriers shift across borders

The excitement of passive attention is enhanced, but the attention is not lasting, and the object of attention is constantly shifting. Everywhere

In manic patients who are excited, their attention is easily attracted and diverted by new phenomena in the surrounding environment, so that they constantly change topics and activities. This kind of attention cannot be sustained, and accidental changes in the outside world will affect patients. Attention is drawn to the other side. In acute mania, the incoherence of the patient's speech is mainly caused by the continuous change of the object of attention and the rapid association of thinking.

Attention disorder

The patient's attention to excitement is difficult and slow to concentrate, but the stability barrier to attention is small. The patient is completely correct in answering the first question, but when he continuously asks him the second and third questions, others answer It seems slow, mainly due to the slow excitement of attention and the slowness of the association process, which is more common in depression.

Attention disorder

The patient's attention range is significantly reduced, and the active attention is weakened. When the patient is focused on one thing, other things that are generally easy to arouse attention do not attract the patient's attention, and are seen in the hazy state and dementia. ^[1]

Attention disorder attention fixation

Patients' attention stability is particularly enhanced. It is found in healthy people and mental patients, such as some inventors and thinkers. They pay attention to certain ideas. The firm ideas control their entire consciousness, especially this thinking has a very strong emotional response. When contacted, depression and patients with stubborn delusions are always fixed on these delusions. Patients with obsessive-compulsive concepts also have this state. Patients are aware of this concentration and fixation of attention and cannot transfer, so it is also called mandatory attention.

Attention disorder conclusion

Among them, reduced attention and narrow attention are the most common.

Attention disorders are often accompanied by disturbances of consciousness. Brain lesions in any part, especially extensive lesions, cause damage to attention, reduced arousal levels, drowsiness or high levels of arousal, tension and anxiety, all affecting attention Sustained concentration, schizophrenia and children with mild dysfunction syndrome also have deficits in attention.

Disorders of attention

Attention disorder functional psychosis

1. Schizophrenia : Onset in puberty, manifested by the incoordination of the three: intelligence, affection, and will; consciousness is controlled by hallucinations and delusions; attention is impaired; mental activity appears sluggish; attention to the external environment Poor power, but focused on his own inner world, so it seems very clever.

2. Depression (depression): affected by low emotions, lack of interest in surroundings, decreased energy, social withdrawal, and decreased attention.

3. Mania (mania): affected by high emotions, feels energetic, is interested in various activities, passive attention to hyperfunction, this matter has not been completed and attracted by other things in the past, transferred with the environment, Gives the impression of increased activity.

4. Anxiety : can start at any age, more common before the age of 40, often with psychological or physical causes, mental anxiety is the core symptom, accompanied by irritability, difficulty in concentration, and sound and light Sensitive, often complaining of memory loss, in fact, difficulty in remembering caused by inattention, often accompanied by autonomic dysfunction.

5. Suspected disease (hypochondriasis): middle-aged onset, slow onset more people, mainly showing suspected troubles, excessive attention to health, suspected discomfort and the concept of suspected disease, excessive attention to health manifested as attention Focusing on their health status, they pay special attention to any small changes in the body, especially regarding the functions of the body parts they suspect, and they do everything they can to check to confirm their beliefs.

6. Depressive neurosis: mostly onset in young adulthood , often with psychosocial stress before the illness, clinically, lasting emotional depression, sleep disorders and physical discomfort, common symptoms: fatigue, Weakness, difficulty thinking, inability to concentrate, memory loss, decreased work efficiency, difficulty falling asleep, etc., at least one course of disease.

7. Neurasthenia : its main manifestations: Symptoms of weakness: mental fatigue, mental retardation, inability to concentrate, memory difficulties, work or study can not last, reduced efficiency, etc .; excitement symptoms; tension headache; Sleep disorders with a course of more than 3 months.

Attention- reactive hazy state

(Reactive twilightstate)

Onset of the disease has significant psychosocial stimuli, reduced performance consciousness level, narrow range, insufficiency of expression, nervous expression and fear, accompanied by vivid drowsiness hallucinations or dream-like experiences, difficulty in concentration, unanswered questions, impulse, things Can't recall.

Dementia paralytica

The onset of this disease is latent, with early symptoms of neurasthenia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, inattention, memory loss, etc., but without active treatment, there may be signs of decreased work capacity and personality changes, and continued development may appear Symptoms of dementia.

fncephlitis Attention disorder encephalitis (fncephlitis)

Viral infections originating in the brain, with acute onset, sudden onset of high fever, convulsions, headache, vomiting, rapid emergence of disturbances of consciousness and focal neurological symptoms, manifestation of mental weakness, sleepiness, sluggishness, difficulty in understanding, attention Laxation, poor orientation, memory impairment, urinary incontinence, etc.

ADHD Children

(Childhood hyperactive syndrome)

The overwhelming majority are boys, whose main performance is hyperactivity, poor academic performance, can not quietly listen to lessons in the classroom, small movements, and even disturb others, may have impulsive behavior, hyperactivity is attention to the failure to focus on the findings, normal intelligence, most boys Hyperactivity decreases after puberty, but attention cannot be focused to continue.

infanile autisn Attention disorder infant autism (infanile autisn)

It mainly occurs in childhood (under 3 years of age), mainly showing introverted loneliness, speech disorders, compulsive requirements to maintain the same state, etc. In addition, children may also show hyperactivity or attention to the transfer of borders and attention. Some strange movements, sometimes the child can suddenly anger or show fear for no reason. Most children have a poor prognosis, cannot live independently, or require long-term containment.

Attention disorder post-concussion syndrome

(Postconcussion syndrome)

Concussion is an acute brain dysfunction caused by head trauma. After the concussion, patients experience headache, dizziness, dizziness, nausea, emotional instability, fatigue, inattention, insomnia, dreaminess, and excessive sensitivity to sound and light stimulation. Other symptoms, except for possible nystagmus, the nervous system generally does not have other positive signs, these symptoms generally subsided within 1-2 weeks, may also be delayed or chronic.

Mental disorders caused by attention disorder brain tumors

(Mental disorder with brain tumor)

The psychiatric symptoms produced by brain tumors are often related to the place where they grow. Even slower growing tumors often develop psychiatric disorders. About 37% of patients with brain tumors can have blurred consciousness, diminished attention, reduced memory, and have a slow response to the surrounding environment. The symptoms of apathy and partial disorientation showed fluctuating changes.

alzgeimer Attention disorder alzgeimer disease

Onset usually begins at about 50 to 60 years of age, and has an onset of insidious onset. The clinical feature is continuous intellectual decline without remission. Accompanied mental symptoms include aphasia, forgetfulness, failure to recognize, poor judgment, loss of generalization ability, distraction, left and right confusion and poor concentration, etc., which become more and more obvious as the disease progresses.

Attention Disorders AIDS-Related Mental Disorders

(Nental disorder with acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Most people with HIV infection for the first time do not show clinical symptoms. HIV can directly invade the central nervous system (cvs) and cause CNS infection. One of them is aids dementia syndrome. The clinical manifestations of onset are asthma, fatigue, loss of interest, and lack of sexual desire as the first symptoms. Later, characteristic cognitive impairment, behavioral and motor dysfunction, including near memory disorders, Attention disorders, sluggish speech, social withdrawal, etc. In the later stages, obvious dementia, silence, incontinence, and disturbance of consciousness may occur. It took about 4.2 months from dementia to death. At this time, the patient's blood was positive for HIV, and the cerebrospinal fluid examination showed inflammatory changes. eeg showed extensive temperature waves, ct showed cerebral cortex atrophy, and ventricles enlarged.

ADHD ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was first discussed in the early 20th century. In 1902, an article by Dr. George Still, who was interested in childhood diseases, was published in London. He found that some children seemed to be unable to stop, their emotions were ups and downs, and they often caused trouble. The main characteristics of ADHD are inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity, but these symptoms often make it difficult for them to follow regular behaviors or maintain fixed performance. Dr. Steele believes that these children "have abnormalities in motion control." He wrote an article on the subject and published it in the British Medical Journal. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), published by the American Psychological Association, first described hyperactivity disorder in 1980 and called it "childhood hyperactivity abnormalities. After several revisions by related scholars, the term " attention deficit hyperactivity disorder " finally came into being, and its symptoms and diagnostic criteria have become increasingly clear. The fourth edition of the latest Diagnostic Manual for Mental Illness (DSM-IV) divides ADHD into three different types: "attention deficit", "overactive", and "attention deficit combined with overactive". In DSM-, attention deficit and hyperactivity / impulsivity each have 9 symptoms, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by meeting 6 or more symptoms. At the same time, every symptom must occur in more than one environment, such as at school and at home. Other conditions include that symptoms must be observed before the age of 7 and that no other psychological factors are responsible. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional scanning (FMRI, which analyzes blood flow in the brain) can help us understand the differences between ADHD patients and the general structure and functionality of the brain. At present, the most consistent data is the reduction in the size of the middle cerebellum (the cerebellar vermiform, located at the lower back of the brain) and the middle brain region (including part of the brain stem). We used to think that ADHD is related to the prefrontal lobe of the brain. However, in fact, most people who suffer from ADHD are due to the cerebellum not functioning properly. Studies over the past 20 years have found that people with cerebellar dysplasia also have symptoms of ADHD. Functional scans also revealed low cerebellar activity in ADHD patients.

Harvard University research found that Ritalin (the most commonly used prescription drug) can increase ADHD activity in places with low cerebellar activity. We also know that ADHD does not occur alone, and often merges like dyslexia , developmental coordination difficulties, and even autism . This suggests that multi-region or single-region dysfunction in the brain may affect multi-region integration and connection. There are some independent studies that support these diagnoses, which are actually caused by cerebellar function.

We know that there are more and more children with ADHD. What is the prevalence of ADHD? With the gradual unification of ADHD diagnostic standards in the world, the prevalence of ADHD reported by scholars at home and abroad has been relatively close, such as the United States 3.4-4.7%, Germany 3.9% -9.0%, Japan 4%, Australia 7.5% -11%, New Zealand 3.0%, Brazil 5.8%. The prevalence of ADHD reported in various parts of China is about 1.3% -13.4%, such as Beijing 8.6%, Shanghai 4.0%, Tianjin 3.8%, Henan 10.2%, Harbin 6.9%, Jilin 10.8%, Hefei 10.6%, Hunan 7.3%, Guangzhou 1.3%. According to 7 large domestic surveys, the prevalence of ADHD in China is 4.31% -5.83%. Foreign scholars generally believe that the prevalence of ADHD is about 3% -6%. A rough estimate is that there are approximately 1,461-17.9 million children with ADHD in China!

ADHD is the most common psychological and behavioral disorder in childhood. It has attracted widespread attention from parents, teachers, medical workers and the whole society. After suffering from ADHD, especially in children with severe or comorbid conditions, if they cannot be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, the condition will gradually worsen, which will not only affect their own study and life, but also cause extreme harm to families, schools and society. The great harm also brings a heavy burden on the family and society.

ADHD is a chronic process with symptoms that persist for many years, and may persist for life. About 70% of children's symptoms will last until adolescence, and 30% of children's symptoms will last for life. What's more, because childhood neglect can cause adults to have troubles in their work performance, daily life, or interpersonal interactions, so that they fall into lack of self-confidence, frustration, depression, unexplained grumpy, and even depression. . In addition, the risk of secondary or comorbid destructive behavior disorder and emotional disorder is also increased, and the risk of adult substance dependence, anti-social personality disorder, and crime may also increase.

Attention disorders are characterized by "attention"

1. Often unable to pay attention to details, making careless mistakes in homework, work or other activities;

2. It is difficult to maintain concentration in doing things or activities;

3. When others talk to him, they often show that they are not listening;

4. It is often difficult to complete things according to instructions, unable to complete homework, housework or work (not because of opposite behavior or inability to understand instructions);

5. Frequent difficulties with organizational work or planning activities;

6. Frequently evades or dislikes activities or work that require thought;

7. Often forget things (such as books or things needed for work);

8. It is easy to be disturbed;

9. Often forget what to do every day.

Attention obstacles are mainly characterized by "overaction"

1. When sitting, I often feel embarrassed, playing with hands or feet, or constantly twisting my body;

2. Standing up often when you need to sit, or leaving a chair in class;

3. Running around or being overactive in inappropriate situations (if you are a teenager or an adult, you feel restless) 4. It is difficult to play or work quietly;

5. Always can't calm down, always doing something, or moving constantly;

6. Extremely loves speaking.

Attention obstacles are mainly characterized by "impulse"

1. Before someone else asks the question, rush to say the answer;

2. Can't wait for his turn;

3. Often interrupts things / conversations under inappropriate circumstances