What Are the Different Types of Respiratory Symptoms?

The respiratory tract, the respiratorytract, is the passage through which air flows during lung breathing. The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts: the nose, pharynx, and throat are collectively called the upper respiratory tract. The trachea, bronchi, and lung organs are collectively called the lower respiratory tract, or the tracheal tree. The trachea tree is gradually complicated by the evolution of animals.

[h x dào]

The respiratory tract, the respiratorytract, is the passage through which air flows during lung breathing. The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts: the nose, pharynx, and throat are collectively called the upper respiratory tract. Trachea, bronchi, and lung organs, collectively referred to as

1.The so-called upper respiratory tract refers to the passage of air from the nose to the throat. If the air is blocked or friction occurs when passing through this passage, it will cause

Entire respiratory tract

When a certain viscosity and density of gas passes through the respiratory tract, the type of gas flow in each part of the respiratory tract can be divided into

Autumn is a season when respiratory diseases are frequent. Traditional Chinese medicine experts suggest that the more popular "four" character exercises are suitable for autumn, which can exercise the respiratory tract, improve disease resistance, and avoid the occurrence of diseases.

According to experts, the "Four" character is very simple. When reading "Four", the mouth shape is slightly retracted, the upper and lower teeth meet without touching, and the tip of the tongue is inserted into the upper and lower teeth and slightly out. Exhale and read the "four" character, with both hands raised from the lower abdomen, and gradually turn

1. Keep quiet and avoid emotional stress in case the patient has difficulty breathing.

2. Take a semi-recumbent or sitting position to reduce fatigue and oxygen consumption.

3. Keep indoor air fresh and smooth.

4. Give a light diet and encourage patients to eat more vegetables and fruits to supplement their body water.

5. Properly administer phlegm and antispasmodic drugs such as

What immune functions does the respiratory mucosa have?

Respiratory non-specific immunity

The mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is covered with a layer of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells. The cilia are constantly swinging and have a mechanical barrier effect. The goblet cells of the mucosal epithelium of the respiratory tract and the epithelial cells of the mucous glands can secrete mucus and can adhere to 5mm particles. Ciliary activity and secretion of mucus can block and eliminate harmful stimuli from the outside world.

Migration or fixed phagocytic cells in the respiratory mucosa have the function of phagocytosing pathogenic microorganisms; the rich lymphatic network in the submucosa has the function of retaining and destroying pathogenic microorganisms; lysozymes secreted by the respiratory mucosa can produce bactericidal effects, these are important Non-specific immune factors.

In addition, properdin, interferon, and complement in body fluids are also important defensive factors. Digestin is a macroglobulin that exists in the serum. With the participation of complement and magnesium ions, it can lyse certain bacteria and kill certain viruses. Interferon is a kind of protein produced by cells after the virus infects cells. Protein that can interfere with the reproduction of some viruses in cells. Respiratory mucosal epithelial cells of normal people, due to receiving a recessive infection of some viruses, often contain a certain amount of interferon, which can interfere with the virus. Complement is a protein that exists in the blood. When activated under certain conditions, it has the effects of sterilizing, lysing, and inactivating viruses.

Respiratory- specific immunity

The body is stimulated by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, and can produce specific immune functions. Specific immunity produced by respiratory infections, in addition to antibodies in the body fluids and cellular immunity produced by cells with immune functions in the body, local antibodies can also appear in the respiratory mucosa, which has a local immune effect. This local antibody can secrete immunoglobulin A, which is composed of two parts, a glycoprotein produced by mucus-secreting cells of the respiratory tract, also known as secretory tablets or secretory bodies, and serum immunoglobulin A entering the respiratory tract mucosa. Local antibodies are formed on the surface of mucosal epithelial cells and secretions of mucous membranes and glands. They are stable in nature, not easily destroyed by proteolytic enzymes, and have various antibacterial and antiviral effects. They are resistant to pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory mucosa. An important line of defense for attacks. Therefore, some people think that the lack of secreted immunoglobulin A on the surface of the respiratory mucosa is an important cause of respiratory infections. However, chronic bronchitis is not cured for a long time. In severe cases, sputum endocrine immunoglobulin A is very small, and infection often occurs repeatedly. This is because the bronchial mucosal epithelium is damaged and secretory bodies are damaged.