What Is Discoid Meniscus?

Discoid meniscus, also known as discoid cartilage, refers to the abnormal shape of the meniscus, which is larger and thicker than the normal meniscus. It is named especially because it is discoid in the body. The incidence is 26% in Japanese and Korean patients, but less than 1% in patients in other countries; the incidence of medial discoid meniscus is 0% to 0.3%, and the cause is unknown.

Discoid meniscus

Discoid meniscus, also known as discoid cartilage, refers to the abnormal shape of the meniscus, which is larger and thicker than the normal meniscus. It is especially named discoid in the body. It is reported that the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus is between The incidence is 26% in Japanese and Korean patients, but less than 1% in patients in other countries; the incidence of medial discoid meniscus is 0% to 0.3%, and the cause is unknown.

nickname

Discoid cartilage

TCM disease name

Discoid meniscus

Visiting department

Surgery, orthopedics

Common locations

Knee joint

Common causes

Mostly caused by torsional external forces

Common symptoms

Knee joint meniscus pain and discomfort

Discoid

Specific classification of discoid meniscus:

According to the classification system of Watanabe et al.

The embryo is divided into three layers, and the mesoderm differentiates into a branch: the paraaxial mesoderm. This layer is differentiated and formed

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Fat corner type, plate type and wedge type, fat corner type shows that the front and rear corners are enlarged, and the middle is thin;

Before discoid meniscus is not damaged, surgical resection is generally not recommended.

It is a very common type of sports trauma in sports. Often due to uncoordinated joint activities, such as knee sprains when kicking, kicking, or tripping while running, the meniscus gets stuck in the femur and Tibialis causing tears. If there are other conditions at the same time, such as long-term squat work, original ligament damage, discoid meniscus, etc., it is more likely to cause tearing. Older men are also prone to tearing due to the aging of the meniscus. And these tears can be caused without even obvious trauma.

Tenderness site

The tenderness is usually the lesion, which is of great significance in the diagnosis of meniscus injury and in determining its location.

During the examination, place the knee in the semi-flexed position, in the medial and lateral spaces of the knee joint, along the upper edge of the tibial condyle (that is, the edge of the meniscus), and press it with your thumb from point to point. . If the knee is passively flexed and extended or the calf is rotated internally and externally while pressing, the pain is more pronounced, and sometimes abnormal meniscus can be touched.

McMurray test

The patient lies on his back, the examiner holds the calf ankle in one hand, flexes the hip and knee as much as possible while holding the knee in the other hand, and then the calf is abducted, extrinsic and abducted, internal rotation, or adduction, internal rotation, or adduction Outer rotation, gradually straightening. The presence of pain or sound is positive, and the location of the injury is determined based on the pain and sound.

Strong overextension or flexion test

Passively overstretch or flex the knee joint. If the front of the meniscus is injured, it can cause pain; if the back of the meniscus is damaged, it can cause pain.

Lateral pressure test

Knee extension, passive passive adduction or abduction of the knee, if there is meniscus injury, pain on the affected joint due to compression.

One-leg squat test

Use one leg to gradually squat from the standing position, and then stand up from the squatting position. The healthy side is normal. When the affected side is squatting or standing to a certain position, the injured meniscus is squeezed, which can cause pain in the joint space. You ca nt even squat or stand up.

Gravity test

The patient took the lateral position and raised the lower limbs for active knee flexion and extension. When the affected joint space was downward, the injured meniscus was squeezed and caused pain; otherwise, when the affected joint space was upward, there was no pain.

Grinding test

The patient takes the prone position and the knee flexes. The examiner holds the ankle and presses the lower leg while performing internal and external rotation. The damaged meniscus is painful due to compression and grinding; otherwise, if the lower leg is lifted up, then the internal and external Spinning activity, there is no pain.