What Are the Symptoms of Liver Parasites?

Common are: Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, Capillaria hepatica, Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis larva. Can migrate in the liver, causing liver disease. In addition to the parasites parasitizing the human liver and bile ducts mentioned above, there are dozens of other parasites that can cause liver and gallbladder diseases, such as amoeba, Cryptosporidium, and schistosomiasis.

Liver parasite

Common are:

Clonorchis sinensis [Clonorchissinensis (Cobbold, 1875) Looss, 1907], abbreviated

Hepatic hydatid disease

Hydatid disease includes hydatid cyst disease caused by echinococcus and multilocular hydatid disease caused by echinococcosis. The main spreader of hydatid cyst disease is dogs, while sheep, cattle and other livestock are intermediate hosts. Therefore, this disease is more common in pastoral areas, such as Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Hebei, Sichuan, etc. Ground. Multi-chamber hydatid disease is mainly transmitted by wolves, dogs, foxes, and various rodents as intermediate hosts. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this type of hydatid disease was found in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Xinjiang. The main cause of human infection with hydatid disease is caused by contact with dogs, or by handling dogs, wolves, and fox skins, and eating insect eggs by mistake. The eggs hatch in the human stomach and duodenum and release the six hooks. This larva travels through the portal vein to the liver, and hepatic hydatid disease occurs; sometimes the larva passes through the liver and can reach the lungs, brain, and bone marrow.

The pathogenesis of hepatic hydatid disease is that the six-headed hawksbill gradually develops into an encapsulated sac in the liver, grows slowly and gradually expands, and its surrounding tissues shrink due to compression, forming a fibrous tissue layer. The inner wall of the capsule grows into a cavity to give birth to a hair follicle, and the inner wall of the hair follicle grows a head nodule. Such head nodule can reach other parts, and then secondary cysts can occur.

Multi-chamber hydatid disease occurs almost exclusively in the liver, and it was first mistaken for a gelatinous carcinoma. Later it was determined that it was caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Hepatic bulbous cyst hydatid cysts are usually gray, a few are gray-yellow, hard like cartilage, and there are countless small vesicles in the form of a sponge. The cysts grow infiltratingly, continuously extruding the vesicles. There is no obvious envelope around the boundary with the host tissue. It contains tofu-like carcass debris and small vesicles without cyst fluid. In the later stage, the carcass is dissolved into a jelly-like liquid due to variable necrosis in the central part of the dystrophy, and it can also be secondary to infection and become purulent. Bubble bulbs have a similar tendency to liver cancer spreading in the liver. Hydatids can live in the human body for years to decades.

The symptoms of hydatid cysts vary depending on the site, size, and complications of the parasite. Hepatic hydatid disease is developing. Asymptomatic early, when the cyst gradually increases, the patient may have a feeling of fullness and drag, or pain or dullness in the liver area. If the center of the lesion is dissolved or the bile duct is obstructed, severe pain may occur, such as an intrahepatic cyst near the liver On the surface, a lump can gradually bulge in the right upper abdomen, round and smooth, tough and elastic, and can touch fluid waves and tremors. Such as hydatid cysts are very large, when the gastrointestinal tract is oppressed, symptoms such as full abdominal abdomen, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc .; compression of the biliary tract can cause jaundice, itching of the skin, etc. Due to the extensive infiltration and metastasis of bulbar cysts in the liver, patients often have anemia, weight loss, low fever and cachexia. If the hydatid cyst is punctured due to external force, it may have acute abdominal pain, shock, fever, urticaria and other acute anaphylactic shock and acute abdomen, and severe illness can cause death.

Nonparasitic cyst of liver

Hepatic cysts are more common in retention liver cysts and congenital polycystic liver, which are often difficult to distinguish. The former are mostly single; the latter are often multiple, and about 50% are accompanied by polycystic kidney disease. Hepatic cysts generally range in size from a few millimeters to 10 centimeters or larger and grow slowly. Patients usually develop clinical symptoms after the age of 40-50 years.

Cysts can be covered with the liver or can be limited to the bile ducts. The composition of fluid in the capsule changes with the type, size, and complications of the cyst. The cystic fluid of polycystic liver is clarified; if the cystic hemorrhage is bleeding, the cystic fluid is brown or red; if it is complicated by infection, the cystic fluid may be purulent. Due to the strong regenerative capacity of liver compensation, liver failure is rare.

The clinical manifestations are related to the size of the cysts, mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, loss of appetite, belching, nausea, vomiting and right upper quadrant pain. Sometimes abdominal pain is intolerable, which can be reduced after lying flat, and chills and fever can occur after secondary infection. Compression of the common bile duct or hepatic duct by a giant cyst can cause jaundice, but it is rare.

Check that liver function is mostly normal. B-ultrasound examination revealed multiple fluid dark areas. CT and nuclide scans are helpful in distinguishing from parenchymal tumors and hemangiomas.

In recent years, liver cysts have been treated with ultrasound-guided cyst puncture and aspiration. An appropriate amount of absolute alcohol is injected into the cyst. The method is simple and safe. For patients with large symptoms of compression or cysts with secondary infection, sometimes surgical treatment is still required.

Canine liver fluke is parasitic in the gallbladder and bile ducts. (1) Diagnosis: Canine liver fluke disease is caused by the infection of clonorchiasis sinensis in dogs, and parasites in the gallbladder and bile ducts cause disease. The development of liver fluke disease is relatively slow, with few symptoms in mild cases. Diarrhea occurs in severe cases, general weakness, loss of appetite, liver enlargement, nodules on the liver surface upon palpation; significant weight loss at later stages. Jaundice, cirrhosis, and secondary ascites are common. In endemic areas, such as indigestion, diarrhea, anemia, and increased eosinophils in dogs, a stool test should be performed, and the diagnosis can be confirmed when eggs are found. Inspection method can be washed with water precipitation method or ether formic acid method. (2) Treatment: It can be treated with chloroquine, furfurylamine, thiodichlorophenol, thiazolium iodide, hexachloroparaxylene, praziquantel or traditional Chinese medicine. Among them, hexachloro-p-xylene (Schistospinum 846) has a better effect, and the dose is 20 mg per kilogram of body weight. 3 times a day for 5 days. However, the total dose should not exceed 25 grams to prevent side effects of the drug. In recent years, the trial of praziquantel has also had some effects.