What Is a Mixed Tumor?

A mixed tumor is a tumor formed by two or more new biological tissue structures. It is called a mixed tumor. Such as teratoma, kidney embryo tumor, carcinosarcoma and oral and maxillofacial various benign tumors can occur.

Basic Information

English name

mixed tumor

Visiting department

Oncology

Common causes

A tumor formed by two or more new biological tissue structures

Causes of mixed tumors

Teratoma

Teratomas are tumors derived from germ cells with multi-directional differentiation potential. They often contain a variety of tissue components of the three germ layers with disordered arrangements. According to its appearance, it can be divided into two types: cystic and solid: according to the degree of tissue differentiation and maturity, it can be divided into benign teratomas and malignant teratomas. This tumor most often occurs in the ovaries and testes. Occasionally found in the mediastinum, palate tail, peritoneum, pineal gland and other parts.

(1) Benign teratomas are mostly cystic, so they are also called cystic teratomas, or skin-like cysts, which are more common in the ovary. The tumors are mostly single-roomed, with granular bodies on the inner wall, rough and uneven, and often nodular bulges. Sometimes you can see small bones, cartilage, etc. There is sebum, hair, and even teeth in the cyst. Under the microscope, in addition to the skin tissue and skin accessories, glands, trachea or intestinal mucosa, bone, cartilage, brain, smooth muscle, thyroid and other tissues covered with cubic epithelium can be seen. Various tissues are basically differentiated and mature, so they are called mature teratomas. Benign teratoma has a good prognosis, with a few malignant tumors becoming squamous cell carcinoma.

(2) Malignant teratoma is mostly solid, more common in the testis than the ovary. It is mainly composed of immature differentiated embryo-like tissues, and often has poorly differentiated neuroectodermal components, so it is also called immature teratoma. This tumor often metastasizes and can metastasize to pelvic and distant organs.

2. Renal embryo tumor

Also known as Wilms tumor, Wilms tumor. It develops from the residual immature embryonic tissue in the kidney and is more common in children under 5 years of age. Tumors are diverse in composition. In addition to seeing tumor cells arranged in a nest-like formation, forming juvenile glomeruli or tubule-like structures, loose mucus-like tissues can be seen in the stroma, and sometimes striated muscle, cartilage, bone or adipose tissue can be seen.

3. Carcinosarcoma

Those who have both cancer and sarcoma in the same tumor are called carcinosarcoma. Cancer components can be squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated cancer, etc .; sarcoma components can be divided into fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. The components of cancer and sarcoma can be mixed in different proportions, usually containing one component of cancer and sarcoma, and occasionally more than one component, such as adenocarcinoma mixed with leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Carcinosarcoma can occur in various forms, such as malignant transformation of epithelial tissue and mesenchymal tissue, pluripotent stem cells differentiate into two directions of cancer and sarcoma; cancer induces malignant transformation of its stroma; cancer cells undergo mesenchymal metaplasia and malignant transformation Wait.

4. A variety of benign tumors can occur in the oral and maxillofacial regions

Various benign tumors can occur in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Occurs in soft tissues, such as mixed salivary gland tumors, gingival tumors, hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, neurofibromas, and fibroids. Occurred in bone tissue, such as giant cell tumor, osteoma and so on. There are also some benign tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region that are related to the odontogenic tissue, which are dental tumors, such as dental tumors and ameloblastomas.

Mixed tumor examination

Collect a comprehensive medical history, conduct a local physical examination, perform X-rays and laboratory tests if necessary, and finally diagnose the pathology.

Mixed tumor diagnosis

According to clinical manifestations and related examinations, the final pathological examination is used to confirm the diagnosis.

Mixed tumor treatment

Treat symptomatically after diagnosis.

Teratoma

The best choice for the treatment of this disease is surgical resection. During the operation, the contents of the capsule should be removed as much as possible, and the capsule wall should be removed as much as possible. It is not advisable to remove the capsule wall that is tightly attached to the spinal cord or nerve root. For spinal malignant teratoma, the combined treatment of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy after surgical resection remains to be further studied.

2. Renal embryo tumor

Under the combined application of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the long-term survival rate of renal embryo tumors has been significantly improved. For early patients, the five-year survival rate is above 90%. However, the five-year survival rate is not ideal for children who have surgery alone or have a late course of disease. Those who do not relapse after five years of treatment have a significantly reduced chance of relapse later.

3. Various benign tumors can occur in the oral and maxillofacial regions

Surgical treatment is generally adopted. If there is malignant change, it should be treated according to the principle of treatment of malignant tumors.