What Is a Thyroid Goiter?
Chronic goiter caused by different reasons is called goiter. Goiter can be divided into two types: simple goiter and hyperthyroidism. The former can be divided into diffuse goiter and nodular goiter. Hyperthyroidism is also known as toxic goiter, toxic diffuse goiter (also known as Graves or Basedow disease), primary hyperthyroidism, toxic multinodular goiter (also called secondary hyperthyroidism), Highly functional thyroid adenoma (also known as Plummer's disease, toxic adenoma, highly functional single-nodular goiter).
- Chinese name
- Goiter
- Foreign name
- goiter
- Chronic goiter caused by different reasons is called goiter. Goiter can be divided into two types: simple goiter and hyperthyroidism. The former can be divided into diffuse goiter and nodular goiter. Hyperthyroidism is also known as toxic goiter, toxic diffuse goiter (also known as Graves or Basedow disease), primary hyperthyroidism, toxic multinodular goiter (also called secondary hyperthyroidism), Highly functional thyroid adenoma (also known as Plummer's disease, toxic adenoma, highly functional single-nodular goiter).
Causes of goiter and common diseases
- The cause of goiter is not completely clear. Mood, drugs, chemicals, radiation, genetic defects, inflammation, autoimmunity and other factors interfere with the synthesis, storage and release of thyroid hormones, and the presence of blood-stimulating factors in the blood can cause the thyroid swollen.
Differential diagnosis of goiter
- CT of nodular goiter is characterized by multiple lesions, regular morphology, clear borders, no lymph node enlargement or surrounding tissue invasion and change. The tumors are mostly low-density shadows with uniform density, but combined with cystic changes, bleeding, and calcification. Not uncommon.
- Two-dimensional ultrasound of diffuse goiter showed a marked increase in thyroid volume, full morphology, intact capsules, clear boundaries, enhanced echo, and evenly distributed color Doppler. The blood flow in the thyroid gland was abundant, and the blood flow signal in the thyroid gland was significantly increased. The pulsating flashing highlight "Fire Ocean Sign".
Goiter examination
- Simple goiter in the early stage of the thyroid showed diffuse enlargement, soft and symmetrical. Under the microscope, acinar cell proliferation can be seen, which is columnar and forms a papillary body protruding into the alveolar cavity with less glial components. After lasting for a long period of time, the glial mass in some vesicles increased greatly, and the epithelial cells were compressed into a flat shape. Necrosis, hemorrhage, and cystic degeneration can occur in some acinars. The connective tissues between follicles and lobules proliferate and integrate nodules. At this time, the thyroid gland is nodular and the texture becomes hard, forming nodular goiter. Diffuse goiter usually does not cause clinical symptoms. However, if it is an ectopic goiter or nodular goiter, excessive growth can cause compression symptoms, such as dyspnea, irritating dry cough, wheezing, cyanosis, jugular vein irritation, and hoarseness. Sometimes intracapsular hemorrhage can occur when a certain nodule suddenly increases with pain, and then slowly absorbs and shrinks. Normal thyroid function. When the iodine deficiency is severe in endemic areas, minor illness or juvenile myxedema can occur.
Goiter treatment principles
- Simple goiter should be focused on prevention, especially endemic goiter. Adding iodine to salt is an effective prevention method. In recent years, the application of lipiodol intramuscular injection also has a good preventive effect. Adolescent goiter can resolve on its own. Those who have not formed the goiter can be treated with thyroid preparations. Surgical treatment is available when they have compression symptoms or affect appearance or life.