What Is a Vaginal Birth?

The vagina is a muscular duct composed of the mucous membrane, muscular layer, and adventitia. It is stretchy and connects the uterus and the external genitalia. It is the sexual intercourse organ of a woman, and a channel for menstruation and the delivery of a fetus.

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Vagina is made of

The structure of the vagina is mainly narrow in the lower part, and the lower end opens into the vaginal vestibule with a vaginal opening. in

It is said that women are very mysterious, and the place that best represents women's mystery is

Vagina located

The vagina is a very important tube connecting female internal and external genitals. It is female

living habit

1. note

   The vaginal microenvironment of women is composed of various factors that affect the vagina. The vaginal microenvironment mainly includes the development and maturity of the vagina, whether the regular contraction function of the vaginal muscle layer is normal, whether the secretory function of vaginal mucosal cells is normal, and sperm in vaginal secretions. Number and activity of activating factors, pH of vaginal secretions, vaginal inflammation, levels and proportions of sex hormones in the body, peripheral nerve function and regulation, microvascular system function and blood supply (supply oxygen, nutrients, exclude cell metabolites) Together, they form the vaginal microenvironment.

   Vaginal vaginal injury

   What exactly is tofu residue

   This white secretion is characterized by a thick white curd or tofu-like residue because it is made of exfoliated epithelial cells and mycelia, yeast and pseudohyphae. The main cause of this white secretion is the imbalance of candida in the vagina.

   In fact, Candida albicans is found in some people's mouth, intestine, and vagina, but it does not cause disease. There are many reasons for the disease:

   1. Diabetic patients and pregnant women: their vaginal epithelial glycogen increases, acidity increases, and the growth of candida is easy.

   2. Sexual transmission: If a man has a Candida infection, the disease can be transmitted to his wife during sex.

   3. Decreased self-resistance: Although the vagina itself has a self-purifying effect, when this effect is weakened or the pathogenicity of the pathogen is strong, it will cause disease.

   4. Infection caused by public baths: Candida finds a place to settle in public baths, towels, etc. that are not strictly disinfected, causing infection.

   5. Sanitary pads and sanitary napkins cause trouble: some people use sanitary pads or sanitary napkins

   vaginal

   It was changed every few hours or a whole day, which created a favorable growth environment for Candida. In addition, some unqualified sanitary napkins and sanitary pads have entered the market or even qualified sanitary products may be contaminated due to inadequate packaging, and they are easily infected after use.

   6. Panties cause infection: Newly purchased underwear is easily contaminated by various bacteria during hauling. If it is bought back without washing, it will be easily infected. Some people like to wear tight underwear. The underwear is not pure cotton, which causes the vulva to be wet and impermeable, creating a favorable growth environment for Candida.

   7. Frequent or long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics: Antibiotics destroy the restrictive relationship between the flora in the vagina, Candida aggressively attacks, and grows vigorously.

   Vaginal vaginal spasm

   Vaginal spasm, also known as phobia of sexual intercourse, refers to involuntary reflex spasms of the muscles around the vagina when trying to have sex, so that the entrance of the vagina is tightly closed, making sexual intercourse impossible, even a doctor's routine gynecological examination may. If it is not diagnosed and treated in time, it often lasts for several years, bringing great pain to the couple and disharmony in marriage.

   Primary vaginal spasm refers to those who have spasms for the first time during sexual intercourse, which leads to failure of sexual intercourse on their wedding night; secondary vaginal spasms refer to those who have had successful sexual intercourse between couples, and then spasms occur. Complete vaginal spasm refers to spasms that occur in any environment, and situational vaginal spasm refers to those who have spasms under certain circumstances. According to the degree of vaginal spasm, some people divide it into different levels.

   Vaginal spasm is mainly caused by psychological factors, such as long-term acceptance of wrong sexual education, a history of sexual trauma in the past, and the lack of sexual knowledge of newlyweds, which can cause negative, nervous, fear, anxiety, guilt and other psychological factors in sexual intercourse. Vaginal cramps. In addition to psychological factors, congenital hypoplasia of the reproductive organs, certain lesions, and improper intercourse techniques can also cause vaginal spasms. Such as thick and tough hymen, inflammation of the vaginal diaphragm, vulva and vagina, or lack of excitement during sexual intercourse, rough male movements, etc., causing severe pain during sexual intercourse, and protective reflexes caused vaginal spasm.

   There are many causes of vaginal spasm, including a few physiological reasons, and some women lack a reasonable understanding of sexual behavior, such as fear of tingling or loss of control during sexual intercourse, fear of being controlled by men, and fear of pregnancy. Certain fears lead to excessive consciousness, which is manifested in vaginal cramps physically.

   To avoid vaginal spasm, we must first prevent it. Women should have a comprehensive and scientific understanding of sexual knowledge. Eliminate anxiety and tension before sexual intercourse. Don't think about it. For men, they should take care of and considerate each other on the wedding night, and do more foreplay such as touching and kissing before sex, and gradually guide women into the state. The action should not be rude or reckless, nor should it be rushed to achieve success. We must take care of women's complex emotions.

   If a woman has vaginal cramps during the first sexual life, the man should not be discouraged, and can be adjusted by transitional actions such as tenderness and caress, and then let him relax in terms of tender feelings. At the same time, lubricating oil can be appropriately applied to prevent vaginal dryness and increase the pain of insertion.

   ^[2] First aid measures:

   1. When vaginal spasm occurs, if you rush to stop having sex, it will be more painful, because the vagina is still contracting at this time. The first-aid method at this time is: the man should gently and compassionately encourage the woman to not panic.

   2. Then breathe with the abdomen and left, take the normal position, raise the leg, and it can be terminated. Because this position is the same as the delivery position, the vagina can relax naturally. ^[2]

   Vaginal dryness

   Many women do not understand why they still have physical needs, why do they still have physical resistance? Experts point out that many problems can cause vaginal dryness.

   Insufficient sexual excitement

   Women have sexual urges, but they can not reach the necessary level, or the husband "goes straight to the subject" as soon as they come up, they will cause women's body fluids to be secreted less, resulting in vaginal dryness.

   Birth control pill

   For some people, taking prophylactics on a regular basis for a long period of time may cause side effects of vaginal dryness: endocrine disorders.

   After the age of 35, if menstrual irregularity frequently occurs over a period of time, it may mean endocrine disorders and reduce vaginal secretions.

   Vaginitis

   If you have vaginitis, the vaginal mucosa will become congested during sex, resulting in reduced secretions.

   Various pressures

   Work and life stress can cause low libido, delayed sexual arousal and dry vagina.

   Over clean

   Unbalanced diet

   In addition to vaginal dryness, if women are also accompanied by inflammation of the corners of the mouth, dry skin, and desquamation, it indicates an imbalanced diet and may be particularly deficient in vitamin B2. This condition can lead to dryness of the vaginal wall, congestion of the mucosa, and even ulceration.

   Forbearance leads to more problems

   As long as the vagina is dry and wrapped around the body, even 5 minutes of intimacy will be like torment on the fire, making women unbearable. Doctor Sun said that women often come to the clinic because they can't stand the pain. But often by this time, long-term tolerance pain has brought them more trouble: the biggest problem is genital infections. Forced intercourse when the vagina is dry can cause vaginal congestion, even swelling, and damage to the mucous membranes of the vaginal wall, which can lead to infection and even induce a variety of diseases.

   Vaginal bleeding

   meaning

   Vaginal bleeding is one of the most common symptoms of female genital diseases. Vaginal bleeding is a common problem encountered by many women. Bleeding can occur in any part of the female reproductive tract including the uterus, cervix, vagina, hymen, and vulva. Except for normal menstruation, bleeding in any part of the body is generally referred to as vaginal bleeding clinically.

   Measures

   1. A small amount of vaginal bleeding should pay attention to the patient's mental condition, count the pulse quickly, and let the patient absolutely rest in bed. Those who are pale and sweaty should lower their heads, raise their feet, drink a little salt water, keep warm, and should not overheat. Take some sedatives or take hemostatic drugs at the same time. When the condition is stable before going to the hospital, you can also put a cold water bag or ice bag on the lower abdomen and apply cold to stop bleeding. When nausea, you should tilt your face to one side to prevent suffocation (try not to drink warm tea).

   2. For a large amount of vaginal bleeding, you should consult your doctor or notify the emergency center as soon as possible, otherwise death will result.

   3. If the amount of bleeding is small, first take a quiet rest at home and observe, so walking or riding a car will cause the disease to worsen, and you can take it to the hospital.

   Abnormal vaginal bleeding

   the reason

   There are many causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as: ovarian endocrine dysfunction, abnormal pregnancy, tumors, reproductive tract inflammation, injury, foreign bodies, or systemic diseases. Age has important reference value for the identification of vaginal bleeding: young women and postmenopausal women (elderly women) should consider malignant tumors; vaginal bleeding in adolescent women should first consider dysfunctional uterine bleeding (referred to as dysfunction); women of childbearing age should consider more Illnesses related to pregnancy.

   Types of

   1. Increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstruation but normal cycle. Most may be uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, dysfunction, and in addition, those on the contraceptive ring may also increase their menstrual flow.

   2. Irregular vaginal bleeding during menstrual cycle. Often dysfunction, but endometrial cancer should be ruled out first.

   3. Long-term persistent vaginal bleeding. Most of them are malignant tumors of reproductive organs, such as cervical cancer and endometrial cancer.

   4. Irregular bleeding after menopause. Women of childbearing age are more likely to consider pregnancy-related diseases, such as abortion, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, etc .; postmenopausal women are more likely to have malignant tumors.

   5. Bleeding after intercourse. Most are cervical erosion, cervical polyps, cervical cancer, or submucosal fibroids.

   6. Vaginal bleeding with leucorrhea. More consideration for advanced cervical cancer, endometrial cancer with infection.

   7. Paroxysmal vaginal blood. There is a possibility of primary fallopian tube cancer.

   8. Intermenstrual bleeding. Occurred between two periods, lasting 3-4 days, when the blood volume is very small, most of them are ovulation bleeding.

   9. Drip bleeding before and after menstruation. A small amount of bloody secretions before or after menstrual cramps are generally abnormal ovarian function and may also be endometriosis.

   10. Other forms of vaginal bleeding:

   If there is a small amount of vaginal bleeding in the newborn baby immediately after birth, most of the reasons are caused by the sudden drop of estrogen and the endometrium falling off just after leaving the mother, so the mother need not worry too much, but still have to go to a regular hospital for examination, Diseases caused by problems such as uterine development are not excluded.

   When vaginal bleeding occurs in young girls, the possibility of precocious puberty or malignant tumors of the genital tract should be considered. Most vaginal bleeding in adolescent girls is anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

   Vaginal sex bleeding

   1. The abnormal development of the cervix: The abnormal development of the cervix is a symptom of cervical cancer. Having multiple sexual partners, sexual intercourse before the age of 18, pregnancy before the age of 16, or a history of sexually transmitted diseases will increase the possibility of abnormal cervical development. Treatment is usually performed by performing cryosurgery.

   2. Chlamydia infection: Viral infections are usually transmitted through sex and with sperm, vaginal fluid or blood.

   3. Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted disease caused by a virus. There are many medications that can cure this disease.

   4. Vaginitis or cervicitis: It may be inflammation of the vagina or cervix, inflammation caused by tumors or viral infections. Treatment depends on the condition.

   5. Cervical polyps: Cervical polyps are a hairless, red or purple, tumor shaped like a finger that grows on the endometrium of the cervix, or on the endometrium of the cervix. Cervical polyps are fragile and protrude inside the cervix, which can be easily removed painlessly.

   6. Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted disease that is usually caused by protozoa. It can also be transmitted from a sick mother to a newborn baby during childbirth. Sometimes, the virus is transmitted from tap water, urine, toilet seats, and swimming pools. This disease can cause vaginitis.

   7. Vaginal yeast infections: Overgrowth of fungi in the vagina. Symptoms usually include itching, pain, odor, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

   8. Endometritis: Endometritis is endometrial infection.

   9. Uterine polyps: When the endometrium overgrows, causing the endometrium to protrude into the uterus, it will cause uterine polyps. Women with uterine polyps can experience bleeding between periods. Other symptoms include bleeding after intercourse, menstruation, bleeding after menopause, and bleeding during hormonal therapy. Curving with the help of hysteroscopy is a better method.

   10. Fibroids: Generally, fibroids are benign tumors. They are fibrous solid tumors. Only a few fibroids are malignant. There are many types of fibroids, and some women experience no symptoms. After menopause, when estrogen stops secreting, the fibroids shrink automatically and slowly disappear.

   Vaginal vaginal inflammation

   ^[3] Prevention:

   1. Develop a good habit of washing your hands before going to the toilet. The investigation found that a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, such as chlamydia and mycoplasma, adhere to human hands. They can invade the urethra through infection to cause infection. Therefore, it is important to develop good hygiene habits. 2. Master the correct vulva and anal cleaning sequence. Wash the vulva and anus frequently. Pay attention to the order when washing. Wash the vulva and then the anus. Never do the opposite. Towels and basins should be used by special persons, otherwise bacteria can easily invade the urethral opening. 3. Choice of vulvar lotion and sanitary napkin. Be sure to buy products from regular manufacturers, so as to prevent the inferior products from damaging the normal flora of the human body and reducing the local resistance. Pay attention to product quality when purchasing sanitary napkins, and should not be stored for a long time, so as not to breed bacteria and cause vulvar and vaginal infections. Yuxueqing should be used in time when symptoms of vulvar itching and leucorrhea increase. 4. Adequate sleep and reasonable sexual life arrangements. Get enough sleep every day, don't stay up late, otherwise it will reduce the body's resistance to disease. Pay attention to the frequency of sexual life, those who have sex more than 3 times a week, the incidence of urinary tract infections is greatly increased, the frequency should be appropriately reduced in this special stage in summer. 5. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Bathe regularly, wash basins are not recommended, and clothes should be stored separately. Always change and wash underwear, especially new underwear or long-wearing underwear. Wash and air dry before wearing. Penetrate cotton underwear with good air permeability and strong hygroscopicity. Wearing tight pants or jeans, and more penetrative skirts are very important to protect women's health. ^[3]

   1. Infantile vaginitis: more common in infants and young children aged 1-5. Vaginal inflammation is often caused by sitting on the ground or entering a foreign body. Pathogens can also be transmitted through the child's mother or washing supplies. Judgment for this type of vaginal inflammation is based on redness and swelling of the vulva, vaginal discharge, and vulvar itching.

   2. Senile vaginitis: more common in postmenopausal elderly women. Due to the decline of ovarian function and insufficient secretion of estrogen, the physiological defense function is reduced. Pathogens invade and cause infection, so it is also called "atrophic vaginitis". Symptoms are an increase in leucorrhea and a yellow watery appearance. In severe cases, there may be bloody purulent leucorrhea, and the vulva may have itching and burning sensations. Senile vaginitis can cause vaginal adhesions, vaginal empyema, or empyema.

   Daily cleaning can use ph4 weakly acidic female care solution to enhance vaginal defense capabilities. Treatment of senile vaginitis can be applied topically in the vagina, such as washing the vagina with 1% lactic acid or acetic acid solution or nursing lotion, once a day to increase vaginal acidity. Those with severe inflammation are treated with estrogen. Diethylstilbestrol is 0.125 to 0.25 mg, which is put into the vagina once every night for 7 days as a course of treatment. Intractable patients can take nilestriol orally, 4 mg for the first time, and then every 2 to 4 weeks, 2 mg each time, for 2 to 3 months.

   3. Menstrual vaginitis: It is mostly caused by the lack of attention to menstrual hygiene during menstruation, especially the use of unclean menstrual supplies that causes the vulva to be contaminated by unclean substances. Appears as a fall and burning sensation in the perineum and increased vaginal discharge.

   4. Honeymoon vaginitis: more common in newly married women. Mainly due to inattention to sexual organs and sexual life hygiene. Presented by increased vaginal discharge, itching inside and outside the vagina, redness and swelling of the mucosa.

   5. Purulent vaginitis: more common in women with vaginal lacerations or birth trauma. It shows an increase in leucorrhea, a yellow pus-like appearance, a fishy smell, burning and pain in the vagina, and red and swollen mucous membranes.

   6. Simple vaginitis: The most likely cause of simple vaginitis is postpartum, postpartum injury, long-term use of uterine pessary and other mechanical stimuli or infection of pyogenic bacteria. In addition, infectious secretions from the uterus or cervix that often stimulate the vaginal mucosa can also cause simple vaginitis.

   7. Trichomonas vaginitis: Because Trichomonas vaginalis is very adaptable, it can survive for one day in a semi-dry towel, 21 days at a temperature of 3 ° C to 5 ° C, and it can survive even in tap water 5 days, so this disease is very common in women. It can be transmitted directly to women by male carriers during sexual life, indirectly through baths and swimming pools, and indirectly through medical devices. Trichomonas vaginitis can be complicated by trichomonas urethritis, cystitis, and pyelitis. Because trichomonas can swallow sperm, it can cause infertility and affect sexual life.

   (1) Oral trichomonal drugs, such as metronidazole, 200 mg each time, 3 times a day for a total of 7 days. After testing for Trichomonas, if it is negative, you should continue to treat 1 course after the next menstruation to consolidate the effect.

   (2) Local simultaneous treatment, such as washing the vagina with 0.5% to 1% lactic acid or acetic acid solution or nursing lotion, once a day.

   Daily cleaning can use ph4 weakly acidic female care solution to enhance vaginal defense capabilities. After vaginal flushing or at night, 200 mg metronidazole is inserted into the vagina, for 10 days as a course of treatment, or 1 tablet of Weiweijing or 200 mg of carbachol can be inserted into the vagina. During the treatment period, underwear and washing towels should be boiled for 5-10 minutes for disinfection, especially sexual life should be prohibited to avoid repeated infections.

   8. Mycotic vaginitis: Mycotic vaginitis is caused by a Candida albicans infection in the mold. Contrary to Trichomonas, this kind of Candida is particularly easy to grow in acidic environments and is usually transmitted through contact. Mycotic vaginitis is not easy to cure, easy to repeat, causing premature birth, malformation of fetal infection and so on.

   For the treatment of mycotic vaginitis, you can rinse the vulva, vagina or sitting bath with 2% to 3% of soda solution. After gently drying, place 250,000 units of nystatin suppository in the deep vagina, or apply nystatin cream to the vagina On the wall, once every night or once in the morning and evening, a total of 10 to 14 days. About 50% to 80% of patients can be cured. You can also use mycoconazole or clotrimazole suppositories or disinfection gels after vulvar, vaginal rinsing or bidet drying, 2 times a day for 3 days or 1 night for 7 days.

   9. Bacterial vaginitis

   Do not wash your vagina too often. A small amount of secretion from the lower body of a woman is normal. If you are worried about the odor coming from your lower body, you can choose cotton underwear that is highly absorbent and breathable, and change it frequently to keep your lower body dry.

   10. Non-specific vaginitis

   The drug of choice is metronidazole, 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days. Can also be applied topically, 200 mg each time, placed in the vagina, 7 days for a course of treatment. Clindamycin 300 mg, taken orally twice a day for 7 days; or disinfected gel intravaginally once a night for 7 days. In addition, 1% lactic acid or 0.5% acetic acid solution can be used to wash the vagina under low pressure, and then spray sulfa powder or antibiotics on the vaginal wall once a day for a total of 7 to 10 days.