What Is an Infertility Test?

Male infertility refers to those who have lived together without contraception for more than two years, and who have no children. The woman's examination was normal, and the man's examination was abnormal. Traditional Chinese medicine calls this disease "woundless", which is believed to be related to the insufficiency of vital energy and essential blood of the innate spleen, acquired spleen, and the veins of Renmai and Chongmai.

[bù yù]

Male infertility refers to those who have lived together without contraception for more than two years, and who have no children. The woman's examination was normal, and the man's examination was abnormal. Chinese medicine calls this disease "Wuyi" and thinks it is related to

male

It can be divided into primary and secondary infertility. Primary means that the woman has never been pregnant after marriage; secondary means that she has had a history of pregnancy after marriage, and then has not been pregnant. Can be divided into

To

1. Whole body examination: necessary detection and observation of height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, posture, shape, presence of male secondary sexual characteristics, signs of male endocrine disorders, etc., while paying attention to cardiovascular, respiratory system, digestive system and nerves The system has no abnormal signs.

2. Reproductive system inspection: It is the focus of male infertility inspection, including inspection of penis, inspection of scrotum, inspection of testis, inspection of spermatic cord, inspection of epididymis, etc. Reproductive system abnormalities that lead to male infertility include hypospadias, upper urethra, concealed penis, small penis, and urethral inflammation, seminal vesicle inflammation, and epididymal inflammation that can cause male infertility.

3. Semen analysis and examination: It is the main inspection item for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility, and it is an important basis for evaluating male fertility. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test, patients should not have sex during the first three to five days of the test. Semen inspection includes semen appearance, semen pH, semen odor, semen coagulation and liquefaction, and semen volume inspection.

4. Sperm inspection: It is also an important inspection item for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. The automatic computer analysis equipment for sperm quality introduced by Hangzhou Guangren Hospital can provide accurate inspection conclusions in a short period of time. Sperm tests usually include: sperm morphology test, abnormal sperm rate test, sperm motility, sperm count and density check, sperm acrosome enzyme measurement, sperm immunohistochemical analysis, and sperm function analysis (penetration, movement Speed, etc.).

5, semen microbiological examination: male genitourinary system infection can not only cause inflammation of reproductive organs such as orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, etc., or a common cause of male infertility. The pathogenic microorganisms that cause urogenital infections are bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, fungi, etc. The detection methods include smear inspection, pathogen culture, and antigen antibody detection. The main contents of semen microbiological inspection include bacterial inspection, virus detection, and chlamydia mycoplasma detection.

6, prostate fluid examination: prostate secretion is a component of semen, but sometimes the prostate fluid needs to be analyzed separately, generally including appearance inspection, microscopic examination, biochemical analysis and so on.

7. Testicular tissue biopsy: Patients with semen analysis who are azoospermia, whose testicular volume is less than 12ml and who can determine that the testicular primary atrophy can do this test. For patients with moderate oligozoospermia, testicular biopsy can also be considered for patients who cannot improve sperm quality after a period of treatment. However, this test has some damage to the testicles, and the indications should be strictly grasped.

8. Cytogenetic examination: mainly to find out whether there are male infertility caused by congenital factors or chromosomal abnormalities. The incidence of male infertility caused by chromosomal abnormalities is about 6% -15%. Common cytogenetic examinations include: corpus callosum examination, karyotype analysis, and chromosome aberration.

9. Immunological examination: Human semen contains a large number of antigen components, including seminal plasma antigen, sperm antigen, and seminal plasma and sperm common antigens. In addition, there are complex blood group antigen components, and strong antigenic properties cause self, homologous or reproductive Local immune response induces specific antibody production. The production of semen (sperm) antibodies is often a serious cause of infertility. Therefore, the detection of anti-sperm antibodies is clinically important.

10. Endocrinology examination: It mainly tests the testosterone (mainly testosterone) secretion. Clinically proven that abnormal endocrine is also one of the common causes of male infertility. Endocrine tests also include follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) tests, luteinizing hormone (LH) tests, and estradiol (E2) tests.

1. Couples have been living together for more than 2 years after marriage and have not been pregnant without contraception.

2.

Clinically, the diagnosis of infertility is not difficult, but we must first identify whether it is female infertility or male infertility. Therefore, in addition to the man's systematic examination, the woman must also conduct a systematic examination. After excluding the woman's factor, it should also be distinguished whether it is physiological or pathological infertility. The former refers to

Anti-sperm antibody (AsAby)

Anti-sperm antibodies may be present in both men and women. There are multiple antigens in the semen. These antigens in the female reproductive tract can be absorbed by the cervical epithelium to produce an immune response, and local anti-sperm antibodies are produced in the woman's blood and reproductive tract. This antibody can affect sperm function and cause infertility. Under normal circumstances, men do not produce their own anti-sperm antibodies. However, when men's vas deferens are inflamed or certain lesions, sperm antigens may penetrate into the peripheral tissues, causing them to produce antisperm antibodies, which are the most common infertility antibodies.

Anti-endometrial antibody (AEMAb)

The endometrium is the place where the embryo implants and grows, but under pathological conditions, such as endometritis, endometriosis, and adenomyosis, etc., it can be converted into antigens or haptens, which stimulate the body to produce itself. Corresponding antibody. In addition, the embryo sac may also act as an antigen to stimulate the body to produce antibodies when the abortion is performed. Once women have anti-endometrial antibodies, they can cause infertility, stop pregnancy or have an abortion. Many women are no longer pregnant due to abortion during the first pregnancy. Most of these secondary infertility patients are due to anti-endometrial antibodies produced in the body.

Anti-ovarian antibody (AOVAb)

Special antigens have been found in the ovaries in the 1960s and 1970s. It is reported that anti-ovarian autoimmunity can affect the normal development and function of the ovaries. Can cause ovarian failure or atresia before follicle maturation leading to infertility. Follicular development in women with ovarian antibodies is very abnormal. Either the follicles do not grow to the advantage of conception, or they do not naturally excrete. Some people also have premature ovarian failure, which makes it difficult for many women of childbearing age to develop throughout life. Mature follicles leading to primary and secondary infertility

Anti-human villous gonadotropin antibody (AhCGAb)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the main hormone that maintains early pregnancy. However, in women with a history of spontaneous abortion, induced abortion and biochemical pregnancy, hCG in the villus tissue may act as an antigen to stimulate the mother to produce antibodies during abortion. In addition, women who have received hCG injections to promote ovulation may also have positive anti-hCG antibodies. Such patients may manifest clinically as infertility or habitual abortion.

Medical history check

Correct collection of medical history is very important for the treatment of male infertility. Doctors must be responsible and keep patients confidential. Patients must also cooperate vividly and truthfully reflect their professional and

1. Frequent hot water bath scrotum temperature is about 1 ° c lower than normal body temperature to facilitate sperm production and development. Frequent hot water bath raises scrotum temperature and affects sperm production.

2. There are three hazards to wearing tight pants for a long time:

Testicular temperature rises;

Prostatitis and infertility

Prostatitis is one of the most common diseases in andrology. Statistics from the International Health Center show that its incidence is about 25%, and about half of men will be affected by prostatitis at some time in their lives. Because the age of prostatitis is 20-40 years old, many patients are very concerned about whether prostatitis will affect fertility. 1/3 of the seminal plasma comes from

1. Touch the scrotum: If you touch it gently from top to bottom along the spermatic cord and find that there are large earthworm-like soft and tortuous masses in the scrotum, then you should pay attention. This may be

Losing weight, being vegetarian can cause infertility?

The dietary style of vegetarianism has become a popular trend, and everyone has a beautiful heart, especially for women who are fuller, and even use vegetarianism as a habit to achieve weight loss. It is undeniable that eating more fiber-rich foods such as vegetarian food, vegetables and fruits is indeed helpful for weight loss. However, vegetarian studies in the medical community have confirmed that women often eat vegetarian foods, which can have a devastating effect on hormone secretion in the body, and may even lead to infertility.

Among the many studies on vegetarianism affecting women's fertility, the conclusions of the Masbauran Institute in Munich, Germany are the most striking. The school's professor Carle Bock divided the healthy young girls who participated in the trial into two groups. One group was all vegetarian except for a small amount of cheese and milk. The other group was normal. After the 6-week weight loss program ended, researchers found that 78% of women who ate vegetarian diets had a physiological phenomenon of stopping ovulation, and almost all the menstrual cycles were shorter than normal. However, in the group with a normal diet, 67% of women had normal ovulation and their menstrual cycle did not change significantly.