What Is a Metastatic Neoplasm?

Metastatic malignant tumor

Name of metastatic malignant tumor disease

Metastatic malignant tumor

Overview of metastatic malignant tumor disease

The majority of metastatic malignant tumors in the neck are metastatic malignancies. The majority (80%) of metastatic malignancies come from primary head and neck tumors, a few come from tumors in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and a very small number of Hair location is unknown.

Classification of metastatic malignant tumor disease

Oncology, General Surgery

Description of metastatic malignant tumor disease

Malignant tumors of the neck are one of the causes of neck masses, and the primary lesions are mostly located in the head and neck. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has early cervical lymph node metastasis and is sometimes the first symptom of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It often invades the deep cervical lymph nodes in the lateral lateral neck group. The enlarged lymph nodes are located behind the angle of the mandible, gradually increasing, and sometimes fused into clusters. Hard, poor mobility, no tenderness. Often unilateral, bilateral cervical lymph nodes can also be affected at the same time. The location of cervical lymph node metastases in tonsil cancer is similar to nasopharyngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer also often has cervical lymph node metastasis, especially in the supraglottic type. It is mostly in the upper deep lateral cervical group, and the lymph nodes at the carotid bifurcation are enlarged. In advanced stages, metastatic lymph node cancer can be down to the corner of the stool or on the collarbone. District expansion. Lymph node metastases of nasal cavity and sinus cancer often occur in the late stage of the disease, and the enlarged lymph nodes are mostly located in the submandibular area.

Signs and symptoms of metastatic malignancy

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has early cervical lymph node metastasis and is sometimes the first symptom of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It often invades the deep cervical lymph nodes in the lateral lateral neck group. The enlarged lymph nodes are located behind the angle of the mandible, gradually increasing, and sometimes fused into clusters. Hard, poor mobility, no tenderness. Often unilateral, bilateral cervical lymph nodes can also be affected at the same time. The location of cervical lymph node metastases in tonsil cancer is similar to nasopharyngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer also often has cervical lymph node metastasis, especially in the supraglottic type. It is mostly in the upper deep lateral cervical group, and the lymph nodes at the carotid bifurcation are enlarged. In advanced stages, metastatic lymph node cancer can be down to the corner of the stool or on the collarbone. District expansion. Lymph node metastases of nasal cavity and sinus cancer often occur in the late stage of the disease, and the enlarged lymph nodes are mostly located in the submandibular area. Lung cancer, esophageal cancer and other lesions, sometimes metastatic lymph node cancer can occur in the supraclavicular region.

Causes of metastatic malignant tumor disease

Unknown, multifactorial cause.

Diagnostic test for metastatic malignancy

In order to clarify the cause and nature of neck masses, the following points should be noted in the diagnosis:

1. Inquire about the medical history in detail, including age, gender, duration of disease, severity of symptoms, treatment effect, and clinical manifestations of involvement of organs such as nose, throat, throat, and oral cavity, or systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss.

2. The clinical examination should first observe whether the necks on both sides are symmetrical, whether there is local swelling, and fistula formation. Then perform a neck palpation. During the examination, the subject's head was slightly lower, and he tended to the diseased side, which relaxed the neck muscles and facilitated the touching of the mass. During the examination, pay attention to the location, size, texture, mobility, tenderness or pulsation of the mass, and compare the two sides. As mentioned previously, the possibility of metastatic malignancy should be considered in adult neck masses. Therefore, the otolaryngology, oral cavity, etc. should be routinely checked to understand whether the original lesions are in the nasopharyngeal, throat, etc. If necessary, nasal endoscopy or fiber nasopharyngoscopy can be performed.

3. In addition to imaging, the neck CT scan can understand the location and extent of the tumor, and help to clarify the relationship between the mass and important structures such as the carotid artery and internal jugular vein. It provides an important reference for surgical treatment, but the smaller mass , Often unable to develop. In order to find the primary lesion, X-rays of the sinuses, nasopharynx, and larynx can be taken as appropriate. For cervical branchial fissure fistula or thyroglossal fistula, iodine oil radiography can be performed to understand the direction and scope of the fistula.

4. Pathological examination (1) Puncture biopsy: A fine needle is used to penetrate the mass, and the tissue obtained after suction is used for cytopathological examination. It is suitable for most neck masses, but it has less tissues. If the test is negative, it should be combined with clinical examination. (2) Incision biopsy: should be used with caution. Generally, it is limited to the case where the diagnosis is not clear after multiple examinations. A single lymph node should be completely removed during surgery to prevent the disease from spreading. When tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is suspected, it may be possible to make the wound last longer after incision biopsy, and precautions should be taken. For clinical diagnosis of salivary gland or neurogenic benign tumors, due to the deeper tumor location, preoperative biopsy is sometimes difficult to obtain positive results, but it has the disadvantages of adhering tumors to surrounding tissues and increasing surgical difficulties. The tumor was removed after surgery and sent for pathological examination.

Metastatic malignant tumor treatment plan

Cervical lymph node metastasis caused by nasopharyngeal carcinoma and tonsil carcinoma is better with radiation therapy. Cervical lymph node metastasis caused by laryngeal cancer has poor radiotherapy effect, and cervical lymph node dissection should be performed in time.