What is Anal Cancer?

Anal cancer is still relatively unfamiliar to people. ^[1] Because it has a lower incidence than some cancers, fewer people follow. But this is a wrong approach, and the harm of anal cancer cannot be underestimated, so let us understand what anal cancer is. Perianal cancer occurs below the tooth line. Squamous cell carcinoma mostly occurs in the anal canal and around the anus. It occurs from anal canals and squamous epithelium around the anus. It is often caused by anal fistula, hemorrhoids, surgical scars, genital warts, and suppurative sweat glands And latent hair follicle caused by chronic chronic irritation.

Anal cancer

Causes of anal cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma invades the perineum, scrotum, labia, and groin lymph nodes. The route of transmission is metastatic. Due to poor differentiation of anal canal cancer, less keratosis, and high degree of malignancy, it often invades along the intestinal lymphatics and around the rectum and mesenteric lymph nodes. It has more early metastases and has a poor prognosis. Perianal cancer has better differentiation, more keratosis, low malignancy, rare metastasis, and good prognosis after surgery.

Anal cancer symptoms

Anal squamous cell carcinoma often has anal discomfort and itching. There is a small lump on the edge of the anus and it grows slowly. The pain is extremely mild and painful when the anal canal or sphincter is invaded. After a long course of disease, ulcers form, and there are local tenderness, and the secretions are thin and often mixed with bloodshot blood. There is grayish white necrotic tissue at the bottom of the ulcer. Peripheral valgus and granular nodules can easily crust and bleed. Inguinal lymphadenopathy. Early diagnosis of localized lesions should be differentiated from papillomas, genital warts, thrombotic external hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and granulomatous ulcers.

Anal cancer screening

To confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy must be taken for pathological sectioning, which is important for the classification and guidance of treatment of cancer.

Five ways to check for anal cancer

^[2] Diagnostic tests for detection (discovery) and anal cancer, examining the rectum and anus.

The following tests and procedures can be used:

A physical examination, including examination of symptoms of the disease, such as a lump or anything else, seems to be an unusual sign of general health. The patient's hygiene habits, past medical history and treatment history will also be taken.

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): Examination of the anus and rectum. The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower rectum for a lump or anything, which seems to be unusual.

Anoscopy: The anus and lower rectum are short. The lighted tube is called anoscopy.

Proctoscopy: The rectum is short, and the tube is used for proctoscopy.

Endo anal or rectal ultrasound: A process in which an ultrasound transducer (probe) is inserted into the anus or rectum and a high-energy sound wave (ultrasonic) rebounds to close the internal tissues or organs and echo each other. In response, an ultrasound examination of human tissue was formed.

Biopsy: The removal of cells or tissues so that they can be viewed by a pathologist under a microscope to check for signs of cancer. Anoscopy can be done at that time if the abnormal area is considered a biopsy.

Anal cancer prevention

To prevent anal cancer, we must first maintain the anus and reduce anal diseases. We must start with daily eating habits, eat more fiber, eat less fried or spicy foods, rest more, exercise and hydrate, and sit at a desk for a long time. Exercise your muscles every one to two hours. Rinse with clean water after using the toilet to reduce friction. If you find any problems with your anus, you need to see a doctor immediately, especially colorectal cancer, anal cancer, etc. Don't believe in prescriptions to avoid aggravating the condition.

Anal cancer treatment

Treatment depends on the extent of anal squamous cell carcinoma invasion of surrounding tissues and the presence or absence of inguinal lymph node metastasis. In principle, if there is inguinal lymph node metastasis, the enlarged and metastatic lymph nodes should be removed during anal surgery. The entire surgical procedure was cut with a laser knife and performed in accordance with surgical procedures. Deeply swollen lymph nodes are in the right direction. Laser can be directly introduced into the deep for central hyperthermia. Be careful not to damage the surrounding large blood vessels and neural stem.

How anal cancer distinguishes rectal cancer from hemorrhoids

1. Hemorrhoids may occur in people of any age, and patients with rectal cancer are mostly middle-aged or elderly ^[3] .

2. There is blood in the stool of hemorrhoid patients. This is due to abrasions of the affected area during defecation. Most of the blood drips as the stool is discharged, so it does not mix with feces and there is no mucus. The stool of patients with rectal cancer is often mixed with blood, mucus and thick fluid, and the bowel habits will change significantly. The number of bowel movements is increased, and there is also a feeling of urgency. If diarrhea cannot be alleviated after taking the drug, you should pay special attention to it.

3. Checking with your fingers into the anus is the most effective method. This is because most hemorrhoids and rectal cancers occur where the fingers can reach. If you touch it with your fingers from the anus and feel that there are some small bumps inside it are hemorrhoids. If you feel cauliflower lumps in the bowel or ulceration of the central depression in the intestines, and find that the bowel cavity is narrow enough to accommodate only one finger; after examination, those who are stained with blood, thick fluid and mucus on the finger wrap are most likely to have rectum Cancer, you should go to the anorectal hospital quickly to avoid missing a treatment opportunity.

Hemorrhoids are clinically common rectal and anal diseases, which are mainly seen in adults, and their incidence increases with age. The clinical manifestations of hemorrhoids are blood in the stool or a lump coming out of the anus.