What Is Carditis?

Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms directly invading the endocardium. Thrombus (wart vegetation) formed on the surface of heart valves contain pathogenic microorganisms.

Endocarditis

Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms directly invading the endocardium. Thrombus (wart vegetation) formed on the surface of heart valves contain pathogenic microorganisms.

English name

infective endocarditis

Disease site

heart

The main symptoms

Warts on the valve of the original lesion

Main cause

Pathogens attack the endocardium directly

Name

Endocarditis

Types of

Inflammatory disease

Endocarditis Endocarditis, an inflammatory disease.

Factors that cause endocardial infections are:

Pathogens invade the bloodstream, causing bacteremia, sepsis or sepsis, and invading the endocardium;

Heart valve abnormalities are conducive to the colonization and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms;

Inhibition of defense mechanisms, such as when tumor patients use cytotoxic drugs and organ transplant patients use immunosuppressants. Causes include various bacteria, fungi and coxella burnettii. The clinical process is related to pathogenic microorganisms. Traditionally, it is divided into two types: acute and subacute. The clinical process and pathological changes are different. Acute infective endocarditis (acute infective endocarditis) is also called ulcerative endocarditis because of the often formed ulcers in the affected endocardium. This type of endocarditis has a sharp onset and is mostly caused by the more virulent pyogenic bacteria (acute bacterial endocarditis), most of which are Staphylococcus aureus, followed by S. pyogenes. Usually pathogenic bacteria first cause purulent inflammation (such as purulent osteomyelitis, diarrhea, puerperal fever, etc.) in a certain part of the body. When the body's resistance decreases (such as tumors, heart surgery, immunosuppression, etc.), the pathogens invade the bloodstream, causing Septicemia and invasion of the endocardium. This type of endocarditis mostly occurs on the normal endocardium, which mostly invades the aortic valve alone, or invades the mitral valve.

: Endometrial inflammation symptoms:

From the naked eye, it can be seen that wart vegetation is formed on the original diseased valve. The valve is thickened and deformed to varying degrees, ulcers often occur, and the surface can be seen in different sizes, with single or multiple polypoid or cauliflower-like warts. Wart vegetation is dirty gray-yellow, dry and brittle, and easily fall off and cause embolism. Lesion valves are stiff and often calcified. Valve ulcers are shallower than those with acute infective endocarditis, but can also be severely damaged and perforated (Figure 8-25). Lesions can also affect chordae. Under the microscope, wart neoplasms consist of platelets, cellulose, bacterial colonies, inflammatory cells, and a small amount of necrotic tissue. Bacterial colonies are often wrapped inside the thrombus. Different degrees of granulation tissue proliferation and lymphocytes, monocytes, and a small amount of neutrophil infiltration were seen at the bottom of the valve ulcer. Sometimes the original rheumatic endocarditis lesions can be seen.

Endocarditis treatment

The cure rate of this disease is high, but scar formation can easily cause severe valve deformation and chordae thickening and shortening, leading to valve stenosis and / or insufficiency (chronic heart valve disease). A few cases can cause fatal acute valve insufficiency due to valve perforation or chordal rupture. The pathogenic bacteria in the wart can invade the bloodstream and cause sepsis. Patients often have bleeding points on the skin, mucous membranes and fundus, which is caused by damaged blood vessel walls and increased permeability. This kind of bleeding has some significance in clinical diagnosis. The spleen is generally moderately enlarged. Under the microscope, the spleen mononuclear phagocytes proliferate, and the splenic sinus dilates and congests. Patients often have anemia due to the hyperfunction of the tablet and the mild hemolytic effect of Streptococcus grass. Arterial embolism: Wart vegetation on the valve is easy to fall off and enter the bloodstream, which can cause embolism of various organs. Arterial embolism is most common in the cerebral arteries, followed by renal and spleen arteries, and coronary arterial embolism is rare. Since most of the emboli come from the outermost layer of the thrombus, they do not contain microorganisms or cannot survive locally due to the weak virulence of pathogenic bacteria, so they often cause non-infectious infarction.