What Is Celibacy?

Single, translated as celibacy in English, comes from the Latin adjective caelebs. It is broadly defined as people who have reached the age of marriage but have not yet married. In a narrow sense, they do not intend to fall in love and marry a family.

[dú shn]

Word : celibacy

Pinyin : dú shn

Phonetic :

English : celibacy ^[1]

1. [unmarried; single]: People who are suitable for marriage but not yet married.

He is single.

2. [celibacy]: Refers to those who do not intend to marry and start a family.

Singleness refers to a specific life style and person who never loves, does not marry, has no children, and has never violated the laws of abstinence.

1. Being single.

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1: Plato (427-347 BC)

Plato portrait

The ancient Greek sage, the originator of "spiritual love", believed that the love between men and women is the highest emotional form in the world. He was also the earliest communist, and in his immortal work "The Ideal State", he said that the ideal society should be: communism, wife, and son. At the age of 81, he passed away at a wedding banquet with elation and laughter.

2: Copernicus (1473-1543): Polish astronomer

In an age without telescopes, he perceives the earth turning under his feet. He has lived with Anna, who was famous for more than ten years, but was eventually split by the conservative church (depriving Copernicus of his marriage), May 24, 1543 After a bumpy journey, his great work "On the Operation of Celestial Body" was finally published, and after an hour, he died forever.

3: Da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian Genius

genius. He is an artist, a mathematician, a physicist, a medical scientist, an engineer, and an architect. He has designed helicopters, aircraft, hot air balloons, siege engines, and urban defense systems and drainage systems. He also studied human anatomy, proportions, and perspective ... At the age of 24, he was accused of ambiguous behavior with men, denied by him, and died of illness in France in 1519. However, his identity as a comrade has been generally recognized by future generations.

4: Raphael (1483-1520) Italian painter

As one of the Three Musketeers of the European Renaissance (the other two: Da Vinci and Michelangelo), Raphael died at the age of 37. The figures in Raphael's paintings are clear and peaceful, and the scenes are peaceful, especially known for "beauty", just like himself. He was never married and was engaged to Mattia, the niece of a cardinal (haha, not a cardinal), but unfortunately he died.

5: Elizabeth I (1533-1603): Queen of England

Elizabeth's teenager was not very lucky. At the age of three, her mother was condemned to death by her father, and her chance of inheriting the throne was very slim. Unless her brother and sister had all gone before it was her turn, all this happened. Brother Edward At the age of 10, she died at the age of 16, and her sister Mary succeeded to the throne. She soon fell into depression, so the young, beautiful and enlightened Elizabeth, 25, went to the top of England. Unfortunately, in order to consolidate the throne, she abandoned the marriage between Spain and France, the then great powers, and ended up as an old virgin, in exchange for the rise of the British Empire.

6: Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher, mathematician, physicist

Anyone who has attended high school knows Cartesian coordinates. He is the founder of analytic geometry. He went to college or never. The famous statement of "I think, therefore I am" is even more popular. Descartes has no worries throughout his life and inherited his father's rich heritage. The only hobby is thinking and thinking. At the age of forty, he lived with domestic helper Helen and gave birth to a daughter, Francini, who unfortunately died when he was five. In September 1649, Queen Christina of Sweden (another famous single iron lady) invited the old flute who was born sick to

Da Vinci

The Stockholm court taught philosophy. Five months later, at the age of 54, he died in Northern Europe.

7: Pascal: (1623-1662) French philosopher, mathematician, physicist

He lost his mother at the age of three. At the age of eleven, he wrote his first thesis "The Nature of Sound." At the age of sixteen, he wrote "The Theory of Conic Curves." Then he invented the world's first digital computer. (Name: PASCAL language), followed by two works, "The Theory of Fluid Equilibrium" and "The Theory of Atmospheric Gravity", wrote the philosophical work "Thinking" in his later years (in his 30s), and died at the age of 39. He has never been in love for a lifetime, and his relationship with his sister is extraordinary.

8: Christina (1626-1689) Queen of Sweden

She is the pearl of her father's palm. She climbed to the throne at the age of six and enjoys riding and shooting. And she is clever and intelligent. She is acquainted with Latin, Greek, German, French, and Italian and Spanish at the age of 14. She admires her cousin but refuses to marry him. She says: I have to tell you frankly, I do nt I will unite with you, but I can promise that I will never marry another person. Under her rule, Guotai Minan, she also loved studying and was good at recruiting talents. During her reign, she founded Sweden's first newspaper and the first national school, and attracted many famous European scholars to come to lecture, but at the heyday At that time, the 28-year-old queen gave up the throne to her cousin she once admired, then traveled to Europe, settled in Rome, and died there in 1689.

9: Newton (1642-1727) Great British scientist

Some people say that because of Newton, all single people in the world will no longer be alone. Believe it or not! It was his father's posthumous son, and his birth changed the world. He is the founder of modern mechanics.

Newton

Now, he has analyzed the composition of white light and found calculus in synchronization with Leibniz. In Newton's life, there was almost no record of being close to a woman. He walked a great life alone, looking for consolation in religion in his later years (science and religion can coexist). In March 1727, he was buried in the famous Westminster. Temple Cathedral.

10: Voltaire (1694-1778), French modern thinker

Before he went to the guillotine, Louis XVI read the works of Voltaire and Rousseau. He said: These two people destroyed France. Indeed, the 18th century was the century of the French and the earliest field of revolutionary experiments in the world, and Voltaire were the spiritual leaders of this revolution. He has 99 volumes of magnificent works, and lived with her husband's lover, Emily, for 20 years, until the latter's death, without a son, in 1778, at the age of 84, Voltaire died. At the outbreak of the French Revolution, his body was relocated to the Pantheon in Paris and supplemented by the national burial. The tomb was beside Rousseau, and his heart was packed into a box and stored in the National Library of Paris.

11: Kant (1724-1804) German philosopher

Kant is a stubborn old man, because he has never walked out of Königsberg in his life. In his acre of three-point plots, he wrote The Critique of Pure Reason, and then philosophers around the world began to study it carefully. He lived for decades like a day, and his afternoon walks were so punctual that even the Konesburgers used him to adjust the time of the wall clock. He lived step by step, without a wife and children, until the flowers of life faded. Schopenhauer said that only a philosopher's marriage can be happy, and a true philosopher does not need to get married. This paradox, presumably Kant knows it, right?

12: Beethoven (1770-1829) German musician

Beethoven, the veritable anger, and his perky eyes, cold and mighty. It was this angry man who wrote the heroic Symphony of Symphony and Symphony of Destiny, or this angry man who wrote the beautiful Moonlight and To Alice. Beethoven's life was full of pain, bad love, and deafness. He admired countless women, but they would rather marry someone because of his ugly appearance? Or humble background? It is difficult for us to know. What we do know is that he is more angry, and then writes more beautiful movements. Who can tell?

13: Schopenhauer (1788-1860) German philosopher

Schopenhauer lived a life of loneliness, no wife, no children or even a mother (breaking off with his mother in his 20s, hating women most of his life), living a lonely, melancholy and cynical life. Schopenhauer hates all women in the world. He thinks women are deceitful, hypocritical, and irrational. What he couldn't figure out in his whole life was why so many stupid men would like those ugly women with "narrow shoulders / short legs / fat buttocks". He said that love is deceiving, marriage is the grave, one person is unhappy, and many people We will not be happy, we are like hedgehogs crowded together, not too close, because we will tie people, not too far, because we are afraid of cold.

14: Buchanan (1791-1869) The 15th President of the United States

So far, the only unmarried president in American history. Buchanan chose to be single because he fell in love with the wealthy Qianjin when he was young, but he was obstructed by his opponent's parents. He believed that he fell in love with her family's property. Qianjin listened to his parents' words and regretted everything. He even committed suicide. "I think happiness has gone away from me," Buchanan once said sadly, and then he devoted himself to politics and filled his exhaustion with career. During his tenure, the role of hostess of the White House fell on his niece, and she seemed to be more beloved than her presidential wife. Buchanan said before he died: "I fulfilled my duties faithfully, and I have no regrets, and history will confirm my life without stains."

15: Jane Austin (1775-1817) British writer

Austin lived in the old Britain and finally became an old girl. "Mrs. Benard was worried all day about how to marry five daughters smoothly." This is the beginning of Jane's most famous novel, Pride and Prejudice. Presumably, Austin's mother also had Mrs. Benard. The same trouble, different from the novel, is that Austin's mother finally did not see the day when her daughter got married. Austin is clever and beautiful. It is said that she was also infatuated. The young love affair is the reason why she never married. Some people say that she may be lesbian. The very close relationship with her sister is suspicious (her sister Cassandra was burned before death. (Most of the letters Jane sent to her), but these are no longer available for examination, only Elizabeth found Darcy in the novel, but Austin did not find the one who belonged to her. When she was 42 years old, she was young Premature death.

16: Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) Dutch painter

No matter what sky-high prices Van Gogh's paintings can take, it has nothing to do with him. In his short 37-year life, he was full of humiliation and grief, countless dismissals and incomprehensions, countless rejections and disputes, and he fell into the madness of obsession. Until the dusk of July 1890, he raised A pistol aimed at his temple ... In 1888, one of his few friends, Gauguin, came to visit. Soon after the two were in dispute, Van Gogh cut off one of his ears and Gauguin was scared away Then, he was sent to a mental hospital, surrounded by perplexity and irresolvable anger ... After half a year, he died and was buried next to his brother's grave.

17: Anderson (1805-1879) Danish writer

In Copenhagen's waterfront park is a bronze statue of a "mermaid", a Danish symbol, the daughter of the sea, and the daughter of Andersen. The world's most famous fairy tale writer stood for his whole life and experienced his life like an ugly duckling. A series of beautiful fairy tales such as "Daughter of the Sea", "Little Girl Selling Matches" and "Emperor's New Clothes" were left, but I left loneliness to myself. He had a first love with a sweetheart. The beautiful girl was called Boer. Until his death, Andersen, 70, still kept the stationery that Boer wrote to her. The yellow paper reflected her Juanxiu's handwriting: The world is in smoke.

18: Engels (1820-1895) German thinker

Engels, 24, wrote The State of the British Working Class. At the age of 28, he published the Communist Manifesto together with Marx, setting off a vigorous proletarian revolution. His rich family, but with the proletarian people, especially from time to time to help Marx, after Ma's death, he also compiled documents and published anthology for him, he can be described as affectionate for Marx. Engels lived with Mary, an Irish textile worker at the age of 22. Until the death of Mary in 1863, Engels lived with Mary's sister Lich. He never went through marriage procedures because in Family, Marriage and Private Ownership he once said: Marriage, those Ceremonies approved by the State and held in churches are superfluous and unnecessary.

19: Nobel (1833-1895) Swedish scientist

Nobel's greatest achievement in life is not the invention of explosives, but a prize, regardless of nationality, regardless of gender, only the contribution you make, which has covered all the great scientists (literati and pacifists) of later generations. Under his aura, Nobel used only one will to win the name of Qianqiu behind him. This is the best thing that money can buy. Nobel has not been in love, but unfortunately, all the loved ones are married to other people. As for the fact that he did not set up a mathematics award in the end, it is because his love rival is a digitist, but it is mostly a good person.

20: Nietzsche (1844-1900) German philosopher

In 1875, the 31-year-old Nietzsche said: "I wandered around, lonely like a rhino." At that time, his best friends were married one after the other, and only he lost his love. Finally, he dedicated his virginity to He went to the blue building and contracted syphilis, and then he said angrily: "Want to go to a woman?" Don't forget to bring your whip! After 45 years old, Nietzsche fell into madness, and after being stale with his best friend Wagner, he was sent to a psychiatric hospital. His only sister took care of him for a full ten years. One morning in the new century, he quietly Leaving the world.

21: Su Manshu (1884-1918) Chinese poet, writer, painter, and calligrapher

He has been a monk several times, and is still entangled in love, and is a pioneer of the butterfly pie. Master Manshu is probably the most popular flower monk in China. His lover's list: Qingmei Juzi, cousin Jingzi, Shimei Xuehong, neighbor Pei Shan, friend wife He Zhen, Qinglou Jinfeng ... At the age of 35, he died of gastrointestinal illness in Shanghai , Just like his own verse: The flowers and plants on the earth are too rushed, and the flowers are empty when spring trees are left.

22: Garbo (1905-1990) Hollywood superstar.

A British journalist says her face is the ultimate in human evolution and she is the most melancholy Scandinavian since Hamlet. Adolf Hitler was also a fan of her. During World War II, Garbo once said: I want to kill him. She is a real cold beauty: confused, lost, and lonely. She herself evaluates: I am clumsy, shy, nervous, fearful, and too sensitive to my English. This is why I build a high wall around myself, and forever Hiding behind it. "I'll be single for life", this is Garbo's line in "The Queen Christina", and she practiced it well. "Have you never loved anyone else?" Someone asked, "Loved, Stiller." (Director, who brought Garbo to Hollywood, comrade). Garbo has been nominated for Oscar four times, but never won an award. Later, the Oscar committee set up a special award for Garbo to recognize her brilliant performance in the film. Of course, she did not go to collect it, and her friend said that she never I haven't seen that award in her home. She is always a mysterious girl.

23: Jin Yuelin (1895-1984) Chinese philosopher, logician, and lover

If Lin Huiyin is the first talented woman in modern China, three outstanding men who are unparalleled in the world will suffer for her all her life: one broke her leg (Liang Si became a Bomei with a smile, and hurriedly got out of the car), the other One was to find a beautiful woman who thought the plane was too slow, and she flew down first (Xu Zhimo). This last one is our Mr. Jin. For her, she wo nt marry for a lifetime (think of Liang Xianxing after Lin s death), He lives next to his rivals and remains a friend for life. "A poetic Chihiro waterfall, the world's eternal April day", this is Mr. Jin's affiliation after Lin's death. One day many years later, he suddenly greeted his friends for dinner. The meeting said: Today is Hui Yin's birthday. No problem. In his later years, there was this "absolute privacy" of Mr. Tao, a reporter. After thinking about it for a long time, he said slightly sadly, "I should talk to her about everything I say. I can't say it myself-I don't have the opportunity to talk to her. Speaking, so I do nt want to say, I do nt want to say that!

24: Paul Sartre (1905-1980): French Existentialist Philosopher

Sartre will always look like this: with a big pipe in his mouth, a pair of unbelieving your eyes staring at others behind thick lenses. He did not believe in people. He rejected all official honors (including the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature), and he was praised as "the conscience of the human twentieth century". Sartre's love with feminist pioneer Beauvoir is known as a beautiful conversation in the history of philosophy. They spared no effort to practice their philosophy, and even for a period of time, they had ambiguous relations with Olga, a student of Beauvoir, on the grounds that: the relationship between people was re-created. It is impossible for Pova to marry Sartre, because her feminist thinking is so thorough that she refuses any possibility of a male superior, let alone a yoke marriage. Sartre died in 1980 and 60,000 citizens of Paris funerally buried him. At the time, French President Destin said: Sartre's death makes me feel that a light of human wisdom has gone out.

25: Marcel Proust (1871-1922)-French author

Born from a noble family, he was frail and sick from an early age. When he was an adult, he was so bedridden that he couldn't stay out of the door. One person remembered the good times of the past in bed and recorded them. "Reminiscence of the Lost Years" was thus born, becoming the originator of the school of consciousness. (This great work is also recognized as the most timeless classic of readers-because it is too long, as long as seven "The Dream of Red Mansions".) "Reminiscence" is an autobiographical novel, the plot can be true or false , But the characters can all find prototypes around Proust, which is too much, and Prost is smarter. The girls he admires in the novel are actually He Lixiu. In reality, "They" are iron-bone men. Well, needless to say, this patient with tuberculosis is actually a hidden comrade.

26: Kafka (1883-1924) Austrian writer

Kafka was only a salesman at the insurance company until his death. Before his death, he entrusted his friend, Browder, to burn all his manuscripts. The cloth was not executed. Because of this, he enjoyed such sadness behind him. How is grief related to him? None of his three novels have been written ("Trial", "Litigation", "Castle"), but they have all become classics studied by modern people. For instance, if Venus's broken arm, no one knows where he lost. He was hesitant and hesitant all his life, undecided, including love. He had two engagements with Miss Philis, and two breaches of contract. Eventually he announced: "In spirit, I can't marry and you won't be happy. "I want to get lonely desperately, I want to sever relations with everything and everyone desperately"-quoted from Kafka's diary, he did it.

27: Stendhal (1783 ~ 1842) French writer

His real name is Henri Beyle. Born in Grenoble on January 23, 1783, and died in Paris on March 23, 1842. Entered the local central school in 1796. He arrived in Paris in 1799 and served in the military ministry. Once with Napoleon's army to Italy and Moscow. After the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty in 1814, he went to Milan and lived in Italy to write. The first work published in 1815 was the biography of musicians "Life of Haydn, Mozart, and Medastas". Published the History of Italian Painting in 1817. The biography of Napoleon was completed in 1837, but was not published until his death. He returned to Paris in 1821 and continued his writing career. The first novel "Amans" was published in 1827, depicting the life of aristocracy during the restoration period, relentlessly mocking the rotten feudal class. The novella "Vanina Vanini", which came out two years later, reflects the struggle between Italian charcoal party members for national liberation through a sharp contradiction between revolution and love.

28: Kierkegaard (1813 ~ 1855)

Danish Christian thinker. Pioneer of existentialism. Born in Copenhagen on May 5, 1813 and died on November 11, 1855. He studied theology at the University of Copenhagen in his early years and is known for his criticism of rational philosophy, especially Hegelianism. Its philosophy aims to demonstrate the principle of individuality and belief in God based on the experience of personal life. He believes that existence is the existence of an individual composed of emotions such as pain, trouble, loneliness, despair, passion, and enthusiasm. The individual constantly surpasses himself to go to God, and defines himself in the relationship of God as the "absolute counterpart". Most of his philosophical thoughts are expressed through literary works, and often take the form of diaries and maxims. His thinking had a great influence on Germany, France and other countries after the First World War, and played a leading role in the emergence and development of existentialism. He is the author of "This is the Other: A Fragment of Life".

29: Beauvoir (1908-1986) French writer, feminist, Sartre's lifelong companion

Men s Bible is called HOLLY BIBLE. What about women s? The answer is "Second Sex." It is no exaggeration to say that the birth of Beauvoir has changed half the world: women have stood up! "Women are not born, but become". This is the most famous assertion of Beauvoir. Before that, so many philosophers, such as Nietzsche Schopenhauer, were full of hatred against women and thought they were innate. Stupid and hopeless! Savers should save themselves, and Beauvoir sealed their mouths with facts. In 1980, Sartre died, and Beauvoir made a "Farewell Ceremony". Six years later, she was buried with Sartre at the Montparnasse cemetery in Paris.

30: Heath (1916-2005), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

In 1974, he visited China. Mao Zedong said: Come to Hong Kong in 1997 to see the return; Premier Zhou said: We must all come! In fact, Heath became the only person who saw it with his own eyes. Looking back, was there some desolation? He was the 47th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and stepped down in 74. His greatest achievement was to promote Britain's entry into the European Community. At the age of 34, he killed Cheng Cheng to bite gold halfway through the road. An old soldier snatched away his girlfriend Karevan, who has been in love for more than ten years. Since then, he has never married and never likes to talk about marriage. He once said with anger: I Never regret not having a wife. I only heard many people regret marrying their wives. (Heath's passion is music, piano level 8, playing when you see the piano, once invited to Beijing to conduct the Central Symphony Orchestra).