What is Chronic Disease?

Chronic disease refers to a general term for diseases that do not constitute an infection and have long-term accumulation to form disease damage. Once the prevention and control is not enough, it will cause economic and life hazards.

[màn xìng bìng]

Definition of chronic disease

The full name of chronic disease is a chronic non-infectious disease, not a specific disease, but a concealment of a class of onset, a long course and unsustainable disease, lack of precise evidence of infectious biological etiology, complex etiology, and some have not been completely A general term for confirmed diseases.

Common chronic diseases are cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. The central cerebrovascular diseases include hypertension, stroke and coronary heart disease.

Harm of chronic diseases

The harm of chronic diseases is mainly caused by damage to important organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys, which can easily cause disability, affect labor capacity and quality of life, and the medical expenses are extremely expensive, increasing the economic burden on society and families.

On April 10, 2015, the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued a "Report on the Progress of Disease Prevention and Control in China (2015)" at a regular press conference. The work progress was reviewed and summarized.

The report said that although the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases has been gradually strengthened, the situation of prevention and control is still grim. Chronic diseases such as cerebrovascular disease and malignant tumors have become the main cause of death. 85%, and the resulting disease burden accounts for nearly 70% of the total disease burden. ^[1]

Chronic diseases of residents in China

Chronic disease I. Prevalence.

In 2012, the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 18 and over was 25.5%, and the prevalence of diabetes was 9.7%.

According to the analysis of the results of the national tumor registration in 2013, the incidence of cancer in China was 235 / 100,000, and lung cancer and breast cancer ranked first among men and women. The incidence of cancer in China has been on the rise for ten years.

Chronic disease 2. Death

In 2012, the national mortality rate of chronic diseases was 533 / 100,000, accounting for 86.6% of the total deaths.

Cardio-cerebral vascular disease, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases were the main causes of death, accounting for 79.4% of the total deaths. Its central cerebrovascular disease mortality rate is 271.8 / 100,000, cancer mortality is 144.3 / 100,000, and chronic respiratory disease mortality is 68 / 100,000.

After the standardized treatment, the mortality of a few diseases such as coronary heart disease and lung cancer has increased, and the mortality of chronic diseases such as most cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke has decreased.

Chronic disease 3. Related risk factors

Smoking, excessive drinking, insufficient physical activity, and unhealthy diets such as high salt and fat are the main behavioral risk factors for the occurrence and development of chronic diseases.

China currently has more than 300 million smokers.

Smoking rate is 28.1% for people over 15 years of age

Male smoking rate is as high as 52.9%

72.4% of non-smokers were exposed to second-hand smoke

The national average annual alcohol intake for adults aged 18 and over was 3 liters in 2012

Harmful drinking in drinking was 9.3%

Adults exercise regularly 18.7% ^[2]

Causes of chronic diseases

According to a World Health Organization survey, 60% of the causes of chronic diseases depend on the individual's lifestyle, and are also related to genetics, medical conditions, social conditions, and climate.

In the lifestyle, unreasonable diet, insufficient physical activity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol are the four major risk factors for chronic diseases.

Chronic disease

diabetes

Hyperlipidemia

hypertension

Stroke

Coronary heart disease

How to prevent chronic diseases

Wang Longde, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of the Chinese Medical Association, said that too little physical energy consumption, including too little physical exercise and reduced daily activities, are the primary factors for the occurrence of chronic diseases. Therefore, he recommends exercising at least three times a week, and on average more than half an hour a day. The best exercise time is around 4-5 pm, followed by 2 to 3 hours after dinner. Aerobic exercise is the main method of exercise, including endurance sports such as brisk walking, jogging, and swimming, and strength sports such as equipment, dumbbells, and pull-ups. He suggested that endurance-type and strength-type exercises should be combined, and even elderly people over 65 years of age should perform 2 to 3 8-10 types of strength-type exercises every week ^[3] .

In addition, Academician Wang taught a 16-word "health motto" on the spot during a recent lecture: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance. Reasonable meal. "Eat five or six meat dishes, then a vegetarian dish" garnished ", and finally fruit, this is the general order we banquet." Wang Longde said that such a meal order is actually the reverse of the human digestion process. A reasonable diet can use the "ten tennis" principle: the meat consumed per day does not exceed the size of 1 tennis ball, the staple food consumed daily is equivalent to the size of 2 tennis balls, and the fruit consumed daily must ensure the size of 3 tennis balls, daily Eat vegetables no less than 4 tennis balls in size. In addition, "four ones" are added every day, that is, one egg, one catty milk, one small nut, and one poker-sized tofu.