What Is Esotropia?

nèi xié shì esotropia

[nèi xié shì]

Esotropia definition

nèi xié shì esotropia

Eye disease name. The pupils in one or both eyes often tilt towards the middle. Commonly known as the eye or cross-eye.

Esotropia

Symptoms of esotropia

Esotropia mainly manifests as the pupils in the middle of the eyes are naturally or artificially moved closer to the middle. They look like two chicken buckets, so they are also called cross-eyed eyes, also called opposite eyes.

A normal person looks at the same object with both eyes, and the objects are imaged at the retinas of the two eyes and overlap in the visual center of the brain to form a complete, three-dimensional, single object. This function is called binocular monovision. However, infants and young children are easily affected by external factors during the formation of binocular monoopia, which causes one eye to stare at the target and the other eye to deviate from the same target, so strabismus occurs. ^[1]

Causes and pathology of esotropia

The formation of strabismus is divided into congenital strabismus and acquired strabismus according to the age of onset. Onset of strabismus within six months after birth is called congenital strabismus. There is a certain relationship between strabismus and genetic factors. The survey found that some congenital strabismus is inherited. Not only children have strabismus, but also parents or grandparents have the same strabismus. Studies suggest that strabismus is a polygenic inheritance, so the incidence of the family is not very obvious.

The occurrence of strabismus after half a year is called acquired strabismus. This strabismus usually develops gradually and worsens. Esotropia is common in highly hyperopic children. Due to high hyperopia, it is unclear to see far and near. When looking at something close to you, in order to be able to see clearly, the eyes must be adjusted in height. The height adjustment will cause excessive collection, which will cause esotropia. Myopic eyes often do not need to be adjusted when looking near, which results in insufficient collection and often causes exotropia. Some children have amblyopia in one eye and cannot use both eyes. Over time, amblyopia is caused by long-term disuse. This condition is particularly prone to occur in childhood, because the development of the fusion function of the brain is still relatively fragile, unstable, or has not yet reached perfection and consolidation, and amblyopia can cause fusion function disorders, resulting in strabismus. Clinically, children with refractive errors and single-serving high refractive errors, because they cannot form binocular vision, have no fusion function, and eventually form strabismus, which is a very common cause of strabismus.

Treatment and correction of esotropia

The treatment of esotropia differs depending on the type of strabismus, and can generally be divided into surgical and non-surgical treatments.

(1) Surgical therapy is to adjust the strength of the external eye muscle and the position of the attachment point by surgery to make the eye position normal. Most of congenital esotropia and up-and-down strabismus require surgery, and non-regular and highly strabismus usually also need to be corrected by surgery.

(2) Non-surgical therapy: Not all strabismus requires surgery. If it is accommodative esotropia, it can be corrected by wearing proper hyperopia glasses or binoculars. If there is a medium to high refractive error, it is often necessary to wear glasses to correct it. In addition, axial correction training can be used to help the restoration of monocular vision in both eyes and increase the fusion ability. For example, training with a visual axis correction training machine, or wearing prism lenses ... If amblyopia is present, training for amblyopia is also an indispensable treatment.

Prevention of esotropia

After the baby is 2 months old, parents must pay attention to the sleeping position of the child and the setting in the cradle. A few notes are provided below for reference.

1. After 2 months, the baby's vision gradually increases, and he can pay attention to the people and things around him. At this time, if the baby sleeps in the cradle, toys and objects cannot be placed near the cradle. If you want to place toys and objects, you must be 1.5 meters away, but you must not place one. Keep a distance, and place a few more, so that the baby can turn his eyes and look at the toys or objects in turns.

2. The cradle of the baby should not be too long. Hold the baby around for a period of time so that the baby can see everything around it, make it curious, and increase the frequency of eye movements.

3. The sleeping position of the baby must be correct. Do not sleep sideways for a long time.

Once the baby becomes squinted, young parents should not worry, they can go to the hospital for correction at around 10 years of age. They must not ask Jianghu Doctor to treat it, so as not to leave a lifetime regret.

Treatment and training for esotropia

1. Optometry optics: use 1% atropine eye drops or ointment to dilate the pupils, first check the fundus for lesions, and then do a detailed optometry to determine the degree of refractive error, hyperopia or hyperopia astigmatism, should be given Mirror correction. Many strabismus wears glasses for a period of time, the eyes no longer strabismus, or the degree of strabismus significantly reduced. For such a child, he should be encouraged to stick to the glasses, and look far and near, without interruption. Generally, if he insists on wearing for about half a year, the effect can be seen. Optometry should be performed every other year after wearing the glasses to adjust the power of the glasses as the age increases.

2. Covering healthy eyes: Covering healthy eyes can be used for those who have a large difference in binocular refractive error, or those who have hyperopia in one eye and poor vision. The purpose is to let people squint to see things after wearing glasses, and more light stimulation to promote the development of the retina. If the strabismus vision improves after covering the healthy eyes, wear glasses to check the strabismus degree. If the strabismus degree is significantly reduced, you need to stick to the cover and check the vision and strabismus once a month.

3. Simultaneous machine training: Children with strabismus, under the conditions, it is best to go to the hospital for stereoscope or synoptic machine training. Children with strabismus have their vision corrected after wearing glasses, but binocular vision is often impaired. These trainings not only greatly help with the correction of the position of strabismus, but also have a good effect on the recovery of monocular function and the establishment of stereo perception effect.

4. Surgical treatment: Children who have been ineffective for 1 to 2 years or who still have strabismus after the above methods, or who have been treated too late for strabismus, need to undergo surgical correction on the basis of wearing glasses.