What is Fibroadenoma?

Fibroadenomas are benign tumors composed of epithelial and mesenchymal (interstitial) tissue. Myxoid fibroadenoma is older (50-60 years), and is caused by the accumulation of mucus-like matrix secreted by interstitial cells in specialized interstitial cells and penetrating non-specialized interstitial masses to form masses. . If the interstitial and glandular distribution is not coordinated, the interstitial cell density is not consistent, the interstitial has heterogeneous characteristics, ductal epithelial cell proliferation, accompanied by significant sweat glands and squamous metaplasia, a large amount of adipose tissue, and solid For lobular structures, diagnosis other than fibroid adenomas, such as phyllodes tumors, is more common in older people, with infiltrative margins, excessive interstitial hyperplasia, and often with more prominent lobular structures. Part of the fibroadenoma epithelium was replaced by ductal cancer cells. The disease is more common in the breast. Fibrous adenomas of the lung are also called adenofibromas, which are extremely rare. There is only one case reported in the literature at home and abroad. The tumor is located in the parenchyma of the lung, oval in shape, about the size of a walnut, medium in quality, and in a clear state. The tumor tissue consists of a glandular tubular structure formed by cubic epithelial cells and fibrous spindle cells between them. Its morphology is very similar to that of breast fibroadenomas (explained below).

Basic Information

Visiting department: Oncology
Common locations: Mammary gland
Common causes: The abnormal increase in the sensitivity of lobular fibroblasts to estrogen may be related to abnormalities in the quantity or quality of estrogen receptors contained in fibroblasts.

Common symptoms: Most of them have unintentionally found breast lumps, mostly painless lumps, clear nipple discharge, and axillary lymph nodes are not enlarged.
Contagious: no

Causes of fibroadenomas

The cause of this disease is that the sensitivity of lobular fibroblasts to estrogen is abnormally increased, which may be related to abnormalities in the amount or quality of estrogen receptors contained in fibroblasts. Estrogen is a stimulator of the disease, so fibroadenomas occur during ovarian function.

Fibroadenomas clinical manifestations

Lump

Most of them found a lump in the breast unintentionally. Two-thirds of the lump size is 1 to 3 cm. Individuals have a size of more than 10 cm, up to 24 cm. Occurs in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, most of which are solitary, and a few are multiple. The mass grows slowly, round or oval, with clear borders, smooth surface, toughness, good activity, and no adhesion to the epidermis and pectoral muscles.

Pain

Most are painless masses, only 14% have mild pain and are paroxysmal or occasional or triggered during menstruation.

3. Nipple

There is clear discharge, but it is rare, accounting for about 0.75%.

4.Axillary lymph nodes

Does not swell.

Fibroadenomas diagnosis

Medical history

Asked the age of onset, the tumor is more common in young women, with a high incidence of 20 to 25 years old. Generally manifested as a painless breast lump, often slower growth.

2. Medical examination

It can be found that the breast mass is oval or oval; different sizes, such as cherry, large tumor diameter can exceed 10 cm (such as tumor diameter 7 cm is called giant fibroadenomas); The surface is smooth, the boundary is clear, and it does not stick to the surrounding tissue, and it is easy to slide.

3. Auxiliary inspection

It can be used for breast X-ray molybdenum target radiography, B-ultrasound, infrared thermal imaging camera examination, which is helpful for diagnosis.

(1) Molybdenum target X-ray examination to check those with richer fat in the mammary gland. Fibroadenomas show smooth edges, sharp circles or shadows, uniform density, and some see a thin layer of translucent halo around the tumor. No vascular increase. In dense breasts, tumors and breast tissues have similar densities and are unclear on X-rays. Some tumors have calcifications, which can be flaky or irregularly contoured coarse-grained calcifications, ranging in size from 1 to 25 mm, which is completely different from fine sand-like calcifications of breast cancer.

(2) B-ultrasound The B-ultrasound can show the soft tissue structure of all levels of the breast and the shape, size and density of the mass. Fibroid adenomas are mostly round or oval low-echo areas, with clear and neat boundaries, uniform internal echo distribution, weak light spots, complete rear wall lines, and side acoustic shadows. The echo behind the tumor is enhanced. If there is calcification, sound shadow can appear behind the calcification point. In recent years, the use of color Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood flow of breast tumors to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant is very helpful for the diagnosis of this disease.

(3) Fine-needle aspiration cytology shows that the needle feels between toughness and fragility, and the amount of aspirated cells is often large. The distribution of ductal epithelial cells is mostly clumps, arranged neatly and not overlapping, such as tile-shaped, and there are more bipolar naked nuclear cells. The diagnostic coincidence rate is over 90%. A small number of nuclei are large, with obvious atypia, rough chromatin, and different cell sizes. They can be misdiagnosed as cancer and cause false positives. Special attention should be paid.

(4) Infrared scan to check that the tumor and the surrounding breast tissue have basically the same transmittance, or have a sharp gray shadow on the opposite edge, and there is no dark shadow of surrounding blood vessels.

Fibroadenomas Treatment

Although breast fibroadenoma is benign, it may be malignant, so once it is found, it should be surgically removed. Surgical resection is the only effective treatment. Surgery can be performed under local anesthesia. After the tumor was revealed, it was removed in one piece with its capsule. The resected mass must be routinely examined for pathology to rule out the possibility of malignant lesions.

Fibroadenomas Prevention

1. Take care of your breasts and insist on physical examination

Every woman of different ages should insist on breast self-examination and perform monthly menstrual cleansing; women over 30 years of age go to the breast specialist for a physical examination every year, and women over 40 years of age ask a specialist for a medical examination every 6 months. Do early detection and early treatment.

2. Maintain a good attitude and a healthy pace of life

Overcoming bad eating habits and hobbies, regular work and life are effective ways to prevent breast disease.

3. Correct treatment of breast diseases

Immediately after finding a lump in the breast, a breast specialist will be examined for treatment. Although breast fibroids are benign tumors, there is also the possibility of malignant changes, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding, when the tumor grows rapidly or is too old, with a long course of disease, or with breast hyperplasia or multiple recurrences, you should be vigilant and seek medical treatment To prevent changes in the condition. Every female friend should do early prevention, early detection and early treatment, paying special attention to her breasts.