What Is Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

Neisseria is a group of Gram-stained diplococci. It is a genus of -proteobacteria without spores, flagella, fimbriae, obligate aerobic and positive for oxidase. Neisseria are globular, arranged in pairs and shaped like coffee beans. Gram-negative cocci are usually located in neutrophils, but are often located outside the cells in chronic gonorrhea. New isolates have capsules and pili.

This genus includes N. meningitidis,

Commonly known as meningococcus, it is the pathogen of epidemic encephalomyelitis (meningococcal).

Commonly known as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is the pathogen of human gonorrhea. It mainly causes acute or chronic purulent infection of human genitourinary mucosa. It is currently the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in China.

Biological traits of Neisseria

1. Morphology and staining are kidney-shaped or bean-shaped, in a double arrangement, the contact surface between the two bacteria is flat or slightly indented, and the diameter is 0.6-0.8 m. After artificial culture, it can be oval or spherical. Gram staining was negative. In patients with cerebrospinal fluid, they are mostly located in neutrophils, with typical morphology. No flagellum, no spores, newly isolated strains have capsules.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2. The culture has high nutritional requirements. Commonly used media are blood agar plates and chocolate-colored plates. Obligate aerobic, 5% -10% CO ₂ should be supplied for the first separation culture. After incubation at 37 ° C for 24 hours, 1.0-1.5 mm colorless, round, convex, smooth, transparent, dew-like colonies were formed without hemolysis. Most bacteria can break down glucose and maltose, and produce acid and gas. Oxidase test was positive.

3 Antigen structure

(1) The capsular polysaccharide antigen has group specificity. According to the capsular polysaccharide antigen, meningococci can be divided into 12 serogroups. The main pathogenic effect on humans is group A, B, and C. In China, group A Mainly.

(2) The outer membrane protein antigen has type specificity, and each group can be divided into several types according to this antigen.

4 Weak resistance. Very sensitive to dryness, heat, cold and ultraviolet. Killed quickly in 75% ethanol, 0.1% neozeur and 1% carbolic acid. Sensitive to sulfa drugs, penicillin and streptomycin. ^[1]

Neisseria pathogenicity and immunity

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae with pathogenic colonies of type T ₁ -T _{2 are} toxic to humans, while those of type T _3- T ₅ are not; the difference is that the former type of bacteria has pili and the latter type does not.

2. Diseases Humans are the sole host of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and are transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Neisseria gonorrhoeae invades the urethra or reproductive tract and causes disease. If the mother has gonorrhea vaginitis or cervicitis, the fetus can be infected when giving birth through the birth canal and suffer from gonorrhea ocular conjunctivitis. Indirect infections are transmitted through clothes, towels, and appliances used by patients, but they are rare.

In the early stage of adult infection, it usually causes male anterior urethritis, female urethritis, and cervicitis. If untreated, it can spread to the sexual reproductive system and cause chronic infection.

3 Immune humans have no natural resistance to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Specific IgM, IgG, and sIgA antibodies can appear in the serum after illness, but they can still be reinfected. ^[1]

Neisseria microbiological examination

Often purulent secretions of the genitourinary tract are taken, directly smeared, and examined by Gram staining. If Gram-negative diplococci are found in neutrophils, it has diagnostic value. ^[1]

Neisseria control principles

(1) Early diagnosis and timely treatment: First, the diagnosis should be established as soon as possible after the illness, and no random treatment should be made before the diagnosis is confirmed. Secondly, after diagnosis, treatment should be carried out immediately without hesitation, and never miss a chance.

(2) Defining the clinical type: determine whether it is a simple type, a comorbid type, or a disseminated type. Clinical typing is extremely important to properly guide treatment.

(3) To determine whether there is drug resistance: To determine whether it is resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, etc., which will also help guide the treatment correctly.

(4) Determine whether there is a chlamydia or mycoplasma infection: if chlamydia or mycoplasma infection is combined, a combined chemotherapy regimen should be developed for treatment.

(5) Correct, sufficient, regular, and comprehensive treatment: The drug most sensitive to N. gonorrhoeae should be selected for treatment, and as far as possible, a drug sensitivity test, an allergy test or a beta-lactamase assay. The dose should be sufficient, the treatment course should be regular, and the medication method should be correct. Various effective methods should be selected for comprehensive treatment.

(6) Strict assessment of efficacy and follow-up observation: The cure standard should be strictly controlled, and the efficacy assessment should be adhered to. Only when the cure standard is reached can it be judged to be cured to prevent recurrence. Healers should insist on regular review and observe for a sufficient period of time.

(7) Simultaneous examination and treatment of their sexual partners: The patient's husband and wife or both partners should be examined and treated at the same time. (8) Wash or irrigate the genitals with Jieyin lotion to disinfect and inhibit bacteria. Antibiotic treatment (sensitivity test).