What Is Urinary Cancer?

For many years, 90% of kidney tumors have been malignant, but with the advancement of medical imaging, especially the advent of B-mode ultrasound, CT, magnetic resonance, etc., benign lesions in the kidney (such as renal cysts) and benign tumors (such as blood vessels Leiomyoma, etc.), 90% of kidney tumors are malignant. Common kidney tumors are:

Tumor of urinary system

urinary system, tumors of tumors that occur in any part of the urinary system. Including tumors of the kidney, pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra. The organs below the renal pelvis are ducted organs, and the cavity is covered with urothelial tissues. The internal environment they are in contact with is urine. Carcinogens often cause tumors in the urothelial cells through the urine, so the urine of the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra Lumpular tumors all have similarities and may develop multiple organs. Bladder cancer is also the most common because urine stays in the bladder for the longest time. Tumors of the urinary system usually develop after the age of 40, and men are about twice as many as women. Wilms tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder are diseases of infants and young children with no difference in incidence between men and women. In urinary system tumors, the incidence of renal pelvic cancer in China is higher than in European and American countries.

Urinary system tumor kidney tumor

Urinary system tumor kidney cancer

Also known as renal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma. Originating from the renal tubules. Most are clear cell carcinomas, and granular cell carcinomas are rare. Spinal cell carcinoma is rare and has a very poor prognosis. Hematuria, swelling, and pain are the three major symptoms of kidney cancer, which are advanced at all times. Hematuria is often intermittent, painless, visible to the naked eye, and is prone to delays due to intermittent appearance. About 1/3 to 1/2 of renal cancer has no clinical symptoms. It was found by accident during physical examination, or diagnosed by B-ultrasound and CT examination for other diseases. Fever and rapid erythrocyte sedimentation are signs of a poor prognosis for kidney cancer. Renal cancer may have lung and bone metastases.

Renal cancer is diagnosed by ultrasound, CT, MRI, and excretory urinary angiography. Arterial angiography is available when necessary. Must be distinguished from cysts and vascular smooth muscle lipomas without difficulty. Radical resection of renal cell carcinoma should be performed radically, and chemotherapy and radiation therapy are not effective. Immunotherapy has been started in recent years, such as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, interleukins, interferons, and so on. Renal cancer may have long-term recurrence after surgery, and resection of the primary tumor may cause metastasis to regress, but these are rare.

Urinary system tumor nephroblastoma

Also called Wilms' tumor. It is the most common abdominal tumor in children under 6 years of age. Mesodermal tumors within 1 year of age are relatively benign, and nephroblastomas above 1 year of age are highly malignant. "Slim children with a lump in the abdomen" is a characteristic of the disease and can be accompanied by fever, hypertension, and erythrocytosis. In addition to surgical resection, nephroblastoma must be treated with radiation and chemotherapy, or one of them. Chemotherapy is mainly vincristine and actinomycin D.

Tumor of the urinary system

Among urothelial tumors, pelvic and ureteral tumors are relatively rare, but they can develop in multiple organs. Most cancers caused by long-term kidney stone stimulation are squamous cell carcinoma. Hematuria is the most common symptom, and cancer cells may be found in the urine. Cystoscopy may see blood spurts from the ureteral orifice on the affected side. Urography is very important for the diagnosis of pelvic ureteral tumors. Filling defects can be found and hydronephrosis may be secondary. Renal pelvic ureteral cancer surgery involves a full-length ureter and its bladder opening. When tumor cells are well differentiated or solitary kidney, palliative local resection can be used.

Urinary system tumor bladder cancer

The most common cancer of the urinary system. Smoking is considered an important carcinogen, with 50% of men and 31% of women with bladder cancer smoking. Carcinogens are 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine in the urine of smokers. Occupational bladder cancer develops after exposure to benzidine and 2-naphthylamine for many years, with an average of about 20 years. Bladder cancer is the earliest oncogene tumor discovered in humans. The deletion of the P53 anti-oncogene on chromosome 17 is related to the pathogenesis.

Bladder cancer can be divided into superficial and invasive types: superficial tumors are localized in the mucosa without breaking through the lamina propria, accounting for about 80%. Infiltrating tumors invade the muscular layer, accounting for about 20%, and some superficial tumors may develop into infiltrating tumors. Cell differentiation of bladder cancer varies widely, and is closely related to prognosis. Intermittent, painless hematuria is the most common condition of bladder cancer. Due to intermittent and painlessness, diagnosis may be delayed. There was no significant correlation between hematuria and tumor size, number, and malignancy. Hematuria can be exacerbated with bladder irritation. Such as carrion in the urine and difficulty urinating, most of them are late symptoms. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder occurs in infants and young children, mainly manifested as dysuria, grape-like urine.

Urine cytology is extremely important. If tumor cells are found to be helpful for diagnosis, cancer in situ may be hematuria-free, but cancer cells are present in the urine. Cystoscopy is essential and plays a key role in determining treatment options. Patients with bladder cancer must have a urography to understand the kidneys and ureters. Flow cytometry and image analysis, as well as detection of ABO (H) and T antigen, can help understand the biological characteristics of tumors. Carcinoma in situ of the bladder mucosa and atypical hyperplasia are the basis for recurrence.

In the treatment of superficial bladder cancer, bladder perfusion therapy is the main treatment for carcinoma in situ. BCG, mitomycin, doxorubicin, tepidipine, interferon, and interleukin are commonly used. Local superficial bladder cancer can be used as a transurethral resection, and the bladder is infused with the above drugs. In the absence of transurethral equipment, cystectomy or partial cystectomy can be performed by incision. After surgery, it must be washed with a large amount of distilled water to prevent the tumor from being implanted in the incision. In addition to invasive bladder cancer, which can be used for partial bladder resection, radical bladder resection should be performed, and urinary diversion should be performed concurrently. Radiation and chemotherapy are sometimes combined with surgery or as palliative treatment.

Urinary system tumor urinary tract cancer

Introduction to Urinary System Tumors

Men are often secondary to bladder cancer. Women can be primary, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the majority, and urinary diversion may be required after surgical resection.

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, accounting for about 3% of all malignancies. There are more males than females, and the sex ratio is about 3: 1. The age is most common between the ages of 50 and 70, and the average is 55 years old. The percentage of deaths from malignant tumors is very low, 0.75%, 1% for men, 0.6% for women, and the death rate in large cities is twice that of rural ones. Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Ningxia and other regions are slightly higher, but Shanghai and Tianjin are the highest.

Causes of urinary tumors

There are many factors that cause bladder cancer, but the following are currently recognized by oncologists:

Chemical substances: Aniline dyes and chemical reagents that produce synthetic rubber are very strong carcinogens.

virus infection.

Schistosoma eggs stimulate the bladder wall for a long time.

Smoking.

Endogenous aromatic amines produced by abnormal metabolism of tryptophan and niacin can also cause bladder cancer.

Others: such as stones, inflammation, polyps, white spots, etc.

Urinary system tumor symptoms

Hematuria, mostly painless hematuria, occurs intermittently with occasional urinary frequency and urgency. The folks have very good curative effect in treating the two diseases.

Bladder irritation symptoms. With the growth of the tumor, the tumor can directly compress the bladder outlet or block the outlet with blood clots, causing dysuria and abdominal pain, and lumbosacral pain, edema of the lower limbs, and severe anemia when the pelvic cavity is widely infiltrated. symptom.

Urinary system tumor examination

Kidney tumor

The diagnosis of renal cancer relies on B-ultrasound, CT, MRI, and excretory urinary angiography, and arterial angiography is feasible when necessary;

Bladder tumor

(1) To find cancer cells in urine, take all the urine that is naturally discharged for the first time in the morning for examination, and look for cancer cells that have fallen off under the microscope. It must be noted that all the urine that is completely emptied in the bladder must be sent in time for a high diagnosis rate;

(2) Ultrasound examination of the bladder area: understand the size and size of the mass or ulcer in the bladder cavity and the depth of infiltration into the bladder wall;

(3) Cystoscopy: It is an important examination method. The position, size, and scope of the tumor can be observed through cystoscopy. In addition, the tumor tissue can be clamped for clear diagnosis and effective treatment methods can be taken. ^[1]

Guidelines for treatment of urinary tumors

Urological tumor treatment

Invasive cancer at the top of the bladder can be partially resected. Invasive cancer at the bottom of the bladder requires radical resection of the bladder. In addition, the Department of Urology of the General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region has also succeeded in performing bladder regeneration surgery using fetal amniotic membrane for bladder cancer surgery.

Radiation therapy of urinary system tumors

Isotopic implantable radiotherapy can be used for a single localized tumor, and cobalt 60 or a linear accelerator can be used for large-area invasive tumors.

Chemotherapy for urinary system tumors

BCG injection into the bladder.

Combination of high-dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate.

FA protocol: ADM50mg / m2, I · V, day 1; 5-Fu600rng / m2, I · V, day 1, repeated every 21 days.

Dr. Huang Xun, a surgeon of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Medical College, applied surgery and chemotherapy to treat bladder epithelial malignant tumors. The five-year survival rate was 84.5%, the ten-year survival rate was 60.9%, and nearly a hundred cases were followed up for fifteen years. good.

Chinese medicine treatment of urinary system tumors

Prescription 1: 10g each of hedgehog skin and ground beetle, 30g each of white rattan, barberry, and crane grass, 15g each of stone reed and large thistle; addition and subtraction: heat poison Sheng added Poria cocos, dragon sunflower, snake fruit grass, hot and humid Add Zhibai Dihuang Decoction; add Zhimu, Cork, Cinnamon, etc. to those who have urination or urine. Decoction 1 dose daily, divided into 2 servings.

Efficacy: The effect of this prescription is obvious after years of clinical application, and some patients can be cured.

Fang Yuan: Chen Chengqin: Chinese herbal medicine cures malignant tumor case report. Practical Cancer (2): 30, 1986.

Prescription two: 50g of palm seeds, 100g of fresh soil Poria (Vajra). Decoction and concentration, add excipients to make tablets, tablet weight 0.3g, 3 times a day, 5 tablets each time.

Efficacy: One case was reported to be cured.

Fang Yuan: Suzhou Chinese Medicine Factory.

Prescription 3: 40g of dried Hollyhock or 100g of fresh Hollyhock. Decoction is taken orally twice a day. After the symptoms have basically disappeared, use 10-20 dried hollyhock tea.

Efficacy: 2 patients with bladder cancer were treated with this formula. The follow-up was cured after 2 years, and the patients were working normally.

Fang Yuan: Yang Junqing and others: Hollyhock decoction cured 2 cases of bladder cancer. Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2): 23, 1983.

Urinary system tumor prescription

Decoction of Japanese Elm Charcoal: 100g of Japanese Elm Charcoal, 500ml of vinegar, 300ml of juice. Take 1 dose daily, in divided doses. At the same time, it can also be used for bladder infusion after filtering and autoclaving, each time 20-40ml.

Cantharid preparation: A. Spotted eggs: Put 1-3 spotless, spotted claws in each egg. After cooking, remove spotted claws. Take 1-2 daily. B. Compound canthari pill: 15g of cantonese chew, 25g of rhubarb and rhubarb, 20g of ginseng. First immerse canthalas in water at 50 degrees for 24 hours, heat at 60 degrees for 10 minutes, filter to remove residues and take 150ml of medicated wine, and then rhubarb, ginseng, and porridge are ground into powder. The eggs are tuned to make mung bean-sized balls and dried before use. Take 5 capsules 3 times a day.

Fuzheng Quxie Oral Decoction: Combined with differentiating diseases and syndromes, we choose white flower Hedyotis diffusa, mountain pea root, prunella vulgaris, Poria cocos, Coix chinensis, Scutellaria barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Phellodendron chinensis, Angelica sinensis and other drugs. Oral formulas for cancer and immune function.

Tumor hemorrhoid tumor injection: self-made medicinal solution, intratumoral injection through cystoscope, 3-6ml each time, 1-2 times a week.

Efficacy: A total of 23 cases were treated. Among them, there were 16 cases of papillary carcinoma of the bladder, 2 cases of adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of invasive carcinoma, 1 case of papilloma, 2 cases of non-epithelial tumor. The results were cured in 3 cases, markedly effective in 1 case, effective in 14 cases, and ineffective in 5 cases. The total effective rate was 78%. A few of these cases were treated with tumor injection and surgery. Among the 3 cases of tumor injection, 1 case disappeared, there was no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up, 1 case had shrinkage and shedding, and 1 case had no change.

Fang Yuan: Zhang Songqian et al .: Observation of 23 cases of bladder tumor treated with Diyu charcoal vinegar decoction and cantharius variegata. Heilongjiang Chinese Medicine (4): 27, 1982.

Urological Cancer Recipes

Injection of camptothecin extract into the bladder, 10-20 mg once, and 20-40 ml of normal saline, 3 times each.

30 grams of crane grass, 60g of barnyard grass, 45g of goldenrod, 30g of yarrow, 20g of plantain, 20g of white vine. Decoction for tea, drink many times.

Urinary system tumor diet

50 grams of raw barley kernels, 50 grams of green beans, 50 grams of red beans, 30 grams of brown sugar, fried into gruel for consumption.

Maogen brine duck: 1 green duck, 50 grams of Maogan, appropriate amount of refined salt, shallot and ginger. First remove the hairy duck, laparotomy and intestines, wash them for later use, wrap the grass roots in gauze and fill the duck's abdominal cavity. Put the ducks with shallots, ginger, and salt in a pot and boil over low heat. And soup. This formula has a good effect on hematuria and dysuria caused by bladder cancer.

Urinary system tumor qigong

Patients with bladder cancer should take Guo Linxin Qigong from a north facing position. The mind guide should not be in the center of Dantian, but should be in the position of black objects outside the body. When making three breaths, hands should not be placed in Zhongdantian, but can be placed at the point with veins. During Zhongdantian three-closing, hands should also be slightly away from the lesion, and it is advisable to keep a distance of about 1 foot from the lower abdomen. Of course, the main method of treating cancer is to use wind breathing method to perform work faster, moderate wind breathing method to perform fast work, intensity wind breathing method to perform fast work, and moderate wind breathing method to walk one, two, and three. Song Jinggong.

Urinary system tumor prevention

Maintain mental optimism, quit smoking habit, check up regularly, and actively treat the primary disease. If urine is found, you should go to the hospital for a diagnosis. Before young people get married, they must go to designated family planning clinics for medical examinations and eugenics consultations, actively treat primary diseases, pay attention to sexual hygiene, and avoid multiple pregnancies and abortions.