What are the control numbers?
The control digits are an integral part of the error detection method. It can refer to one of the two things-the numbers associated with a multi-digit number that represents whether this multi-digit number is accurate or not. Alternatively, the control digit concerns measures used to test the accuracy of the data collection or block, unlike a single number. Either way, the process of this type of redundancy control can be marked as Control calculation of the number or control algorithm . The control number method can accept many different approaches and is used internationally for many different purposes. Some common numbering or coding systems that use control numbers include, among other things, the universal product code (UPC) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN).
Control digit is designed to capture specific types of errors common in data entry;Greek and entered by the same person on the keyboard or keyboard of the phone, or whether the data was read by one person and entered by another. The most common data entry error in this regard is an error simply entering one digit incorrectly. This accounts for 60 to 95 percent of all data errors. On the other hand, tied in a second they omit or add one digits on one side and on the other side of transposition of adjacent numbers. Other errors that are possible, but occur with a much lower frequency, include a conversion of three digits, so 123 , for example, 321 ; and phonetic errors, confusing 16 and 60.
Check the digits can actually be added to the number to check. In the identification number of the vehicle (VIN), which has 17 characters, the control number is in the ninth position. On the other hand, in the 13 -digit ISBN issue, the check number appears at the end of the number 13. The number.
There are several different algorithmůs that are commonly used to calculate checksThe digits and the same algorithm are not always used for the same purpose at the international level. For example, an algorithm developed and named after scientists Hans Peter Luhn, also called mod 10 , is a formula used in the United States for credit and debit card numbers and in Canada for social insurance (SIN). The Luhn algorithm is also used for the international issue of the European Article (EAN13) barcodes, while another formula, Mod11, is used for some barcodes in Germany and for tax submission (TFN) in Australia.
The Luhn formula at the end of the number that verifies the check number. The departure to the left, including the control number, will double each second digit. If any of the numbers that doubled have become multi -digit numbers, then the individual numbers of these multi -digit numbers together. The remaining numbers are added. If the resulting amount is divisible 10, then the multi-number Igit is valid according to the LUHN formula. If the result is not divisible 10, it will beThe inspection digit, which will make the resulting amount divisible 10. If the number to be verified is 1234, it would not be valid without the control number 6 at the end. This is because (1 + 1) + 2 + (3 + 3) + 4 = 14, which is not divisible by 10. However, adding number 6 adding the resulting amount will be divisible 10 and therefore the pattern of Luhn.
In Australia, he tried to use control numbers for a second purpose - to limit the ability of people to pretend valid numbers for tax purposes. Despite the government's efforts to maintain the algorithm of shopping control, people have been able to think and continue to falsify tax -related numbers.