What Is Informatics?

Informatics is a discipline that studies the generation, acquisition, transmission, processing, classification, identification, storage, and use of information. Gradually formed after the 1960s. Its main basic theories and scientific methodologies are neurophysiology, psychology, computer science, systems engineering, information theory, and cybernetics. It mainly studies the following issues: (1) Objective world information source theory. This theory explores how to grasp the laws of information sent and obtained by living things, humans, and computers. (2) Information recognition theory based on fuzzy mathematics. In human society, information comes in the form of language, sound, image, text, etc. Computer systems have not completely solved the problem of identifying this information. (3) Artificial Intelligence Theory. With the advent of computer-aided design, expert systems, and robots, it became urgent to establish this theory. (4) Research on the structure and level of information, such as statistics and division of the social information industry. (5) Research on information systems (acquisition, processing, storage, dissemination, etc. as a whole process). (6) Information management and economic benefits. ^[1]

informology

Informatics is a discipline that studies the generation, acquisition, transmission, processing, classification, identification, storage, and use of information. Gradually formed after the 1960s. Its main basic theories and scientific methodologies are neurophysiology, psychology, computer science, systems engineering, information theory, and cybernetics. It mainly studies the following issues: (1) Objective world information source theory. This theory explores how to grasp the laws of information sent and obtained by living things, humans, and computers. (2) Information recognition theory based on fuzzy mathematics. In human society, information comes in the form of language, sound, image, text, etc. Computer systems have not completely solved the problem of identifying this information. (3) Artificial Intelligence Theory. With the advent of computer-aided design, expert systems, and robots, it became urgent to establish this theory. (4) Research on the structure and level of information, such as statistics and division of the social information industry. (5) Research on information systems (acquisition, processing, storage, dissemination, etc. as a whole process). (6) Information management and economic benefits. ^[1]

Informatics is an emerging discipline that studies the regularity of information acquisition, processing, transmission, and utilization. Informatics (information as a research object, with computers and other technologies as research tools, and the expansion of human information functions as a comprehensive subject. It is also known as a comprehensive discipline.

The main contents of informatics include information processing, information resource management, information security, information communication, and computer science.

With the rapid development of memory and computing tools, especially information processing and computing facilities represented by computers, it has accelerated the development of information technology for humans.

Informatics competition types

Olympiad in Informatics (IOI for short) is one of the discipline competitions supported by UNESCO. China has established a relatively complete set of selection mechanisms, and all players have won gold medals for outstanding performance.

The ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (full name in English: ACM International Collegiate ProgrammingContest (ACM-ICPC or ICPC)) is sponsored by the American Computer Society (ACM). An annual competition for the ability to analyze and solve problems. After nearly 30 years of development, the ACM International College Student Programming Competition has developed into the most influential college student computer competition.

NOI (National Youth Informatics Olympiad)

NOIP (National Youth Informatics Olympic League / Divisional League) is held on the third Saturday of November each year

WC (Winter Camp) National Informatics Winter Camp.

CTSC (Chinese Team Selection Contest) IOI Chinese Team Selection Contest and National Informatics Classic

APIO (Asia-Pacific Informatics Olympiad)

POI (Polish Olympiad in Informatics) Polish high school informatics programming competition has a great impact in the world.

CEOI Central European Olympiad in Informatics, a high-school information programming competition in China and Europe, has a great influence in the world.

BOI Baltic States Informatics Olympiad

Informatics Knowledge System

Mathematical discrete mathematics set theory relational algebra system mathematical logic graph theory

Recursion and Recursion for Group Theory

Mathematical programming linear dynamic integer

Elementary Vector Determinants and Matrix Calculus

Probability statistics

Elementary Number Theory Prime Integer Theory Congruence and Modular Linear Equations

Computational Geometry

Data Structure Storage Structure Linear Table

(First-level structure) Static: Array stack queue generalized table string

Dynamic: pointer array dynamic array

tree

(Secondary Structure) Representation (Static, Dynamic) Binary Tree Forest

Figure

(Three-level structure) representation (matrix, adjacency list, triples)

Special structure hash table (HASH table) and check line segment tree suffix tree Huffman tree and Huffman coded address table

Common methods to traverse the tree graph

Transformation topology sorting (three-level structure to first-level structure) Minimum spanning tree minimum tree diagram (three-level structure to second-level structure) Inverse traversal

Threading of compressed path trees

Compressed storage

Find linear direct half Fab

Tree binary search tree balanced binary tree B + tree B-tree clue binary tree index table

Sort insert sort direct sort, half sort, 2-way sort

Swap sort bubble sort quick sort merge sort

Heap sort

Radix sort chain radix sort bucket sort

Code literacy code writing speed and accuracy

Algorithm implementation

Algorithm optimization

Debug check

Custom variable name comments indented modular

Basic algorithm mathematics high precision calculation (simulation calculation)

Expression processing parentheses before / middle / suffix expression expression tree

Permutation evaluation nested control

Gaussian elimination

Filter Prime Tables

Score processing

Basic operations to implement functions such as large data assignment and Fillchar fillword move

Handle real number comparison size high precision

KMP algorithm for basic functions of string processing

Graph Theory

(Show map search) Path problem

(Edge Set) Connectivity Test Transitive Closure Algorithm Maximum Strongly Connected Subgraph Minimum Point Basis

Shortest problem labeling method k-th path halving the shortest Dijkstra algorithm floyd algorithm bellman-ford algorithm Warshall algorithm

Special route Euler Road and Circuit Hamilton Road and Circuit

Center and center of gravity of the graph

Spanning Tree Kruskal Algorithm Prim Algorithm

set

(Vertex set) cover set

Independent set

Domination set

Toppings and blocks

Network flow capacity

The minimum cost of the network with the upper and lower capacity is the largest / the small flow

Maximum capacity network maximum flow

Supply and demand constraints feasible flow

Bipartite graph matching Hungary algorithm

Critical Path

search for

(Hidden graph search) depth-first search

(Backtracking) pruning optimization

Pre-processing

Memorized search

Depth-first search with variable lower bound

Randomized search

Breadth-first search

Heuristic search (A algorithm)

Branch and bound

Multi-stage decision greedy algorithm

Dynamic programming

Exhaustion of other construction methods

simulation