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The Chinese Navy wave piercing catamaran "Fast Attacking Boat" (FAC) 2208 wave piercing boat type technology comes from Australia's AMD series aluminum alloy water jet propulsion wave piercing boat. 2208 was built by Shanghai Qiuxin Shipyard Xinnan Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., which earlier built the "Feihong" AMD183 wave-piercing high-speed catamaran passenger ship.

Chinese Navy Wave Piercing "Fast Assault Craft" (FAC)

The Chinese Navy wave piercing catamaran "Fast Attacking Boat" (FAC) 2208 wave piercing boat type technology comes from Australia's AMD series aluminum alloy water jet propulsion wave piercing boat. 2208 was built by Shanghai Qiuxin Shipyard Xinnan Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., which earlier built the "Feihong" AMD183 wave-piercing high-speed catamaran passenger ship.

Chinese name

Chinese Navy Wave Piercing "Fast Assault Craft" (FAC)

Total length

30m

Type width

9.6m

Draught

1.8m

4.5m deep

Total length 45m

Type width 13.6m

Depth 4.6m

Full-load displacement 252t

Maximum speed 36kn

Construction period 17 months

Judging from the equipment of the 2208 plants, the construction capacity of aluminum alloy speedboats is the same. Because not all factories have the ability to build composite material hulls, it is basically determined that the 2208 hull and the upper construction use aluminum alloy instead of composite materials with better stealth effect. There is no data on which aluminum alloy is used. It is estimated that the aluminum of AMD boats will not be used. Some literature indicates that China has introduced the aluminum technology of Russian military speed boats. Obviously, the construction of steel hulls is still the best choice for military ships. Modern FACs (high-speed attack boats) use a large number of composite materials, and aluminum alloys are no longer an option for combat speedboats. The traditional propeller propulsion system is the main source of noise for ships. Waterjet pumps can reduce the acoustic signal by 10-20dB at higher speeds, and can also reduce the ship's air noise and vibration. High-speed navigation can eliminate cavitation effects and significantly reduce fuel consumption. In terms of cost, maintenance and repair, water jet propulsion devices also have advantages. Water jet propulsion has a small amount of water at low and medium speeds and insufficient propulsion efficiency, which results in large fuel consumption at low speeds; the entire system is in the ship's body, increasing some displacement; serious wake and other problems. Water jet propulsion occupies a dominant position in the field of high-speed boats. It is also used in tugboats with changing operating conditions and military ships with high performance requirements such as handling. For example, water jet propulsion can be infinitely variable speed, parked and reversed, and can even turn in place. The use of twin aircraft and double propellers can even move the ship horizontally. It is comparable to a "water helicopter". Water advances. For the 2208 guided missile boat:

1. The wave-piercing boat type is used for high speed, and water jet propulsion is more suitable than propeller propulsion.

2. Water jet propulsion meets stealth requirements.

3 Water jet propulsion is more suitable for the highly flexible maneuvering needs of offshore complex areas.

Other advantages of water jet propulsion have no decisive impact on the 2208's operations.

The body of the AMD wave piercing ship has a sharp front part and a wide rear part. If the power system of the body is used, only gas turbines can be used. No matter from the perspective of the original standard ship or the domestic alternative power system, it is the first choice to arrange the diesel engine on the upper body of the similar 2208. In the introduction of AMD ship type, this ship type penetrates the wave below the wave height of 2 meters, and the upper hull does not contact the sea surface. When the trim occurs above the wave height of 2 meters, the deep V-shaped bow at the center of the front alleviates the trim impact and increases the buoyancy To increase smoothness. The slender sheet body forms a damping plate at the tail, that is, the portion of the tail of the 2208 that extends tangentially backward. The damping plate (stern plate) is an extremely important design. On conventional ship types, the stern plate (stern wave plate) has wave suppression and drag reduction effects. This is called a pitch damping plate on a wave-piercing boat. The damping plate and the forward center hull together reduce the trim, and the design claims to reduce roll by 55 to 60%. It is also possible to use fin stabilizers between the two plates. AMD's 42-meter class has optional fin stabilizers. Damping plates and fin stabilizers can reduce vertical acceleration to 45%. Tail-plate water-jet thrusters are the first choice for water-jet propulsion devices. On military speedboats, tail-plate exhaust devices can further reduce infrared signal characteristics. The wave piercing boat still has sinusoidal motion when the wavelength ratio is> 1, and it will be amplified when sailing at high speed, so the length selection is very important. The trim of the wave piercing ship is strictly controlled, and it is easy to cause drastic changes in draught. The water jet thruster also needs a control system to operate efficiently. High-quality navigation control software is a difficult point in the design of a wave piercing ship. The 42-meter class can sail at high speeds in a 5-level sea condition, which basically meets naval operational requirements. The test results of foreign actual ships show that the movement performance of the 228-ton small waterline surface ship is comparable to that of a 3,000-ton conventional single ship, but the seaworthy area still cannot be compared with a 3,000-ton ship. For 2208, it is suitable for navigation in the second-class sea area. For the exposed sea area of the South China Sea, AMD claims that the 71-meter class is the most suitable. This is already the territory of the 400-600 ton missile frigate. 2208 is only suitable for combat in coastal areas. Intuitively speaking, it can reach the Xisha waters at most, and the Nansha waters are beyond reach.

The 2208 uses four waterjets instead of two of the AMD300 series. This unusual design has a reference object. The overall performance of the "Nansha 68" aluminum alloy high-speed passenger ship constructed by Xinji Shipyard:

Total length 42m

Waterline length 36m

12m wide

Full load draught 1.5m

No-load displacement 158t

No-load speed 48kn

Full load speed 43.5kn

Host 4, MTU16V396TE74L diesel engine

Gear box ReintjesVLJ-930

Water jet propulsion device 4, Kamewa63S

Endurance 185nm

This type of boat is designed by Australian WaveMaster and uses Australian craftsmanship. Maxsurf software has entered a large number of high-speed shipbuilding organizations in China since 2000, and 2208 is likely to use this software design. In the design of AMD183, ROOTSHIP software developed by Shanghai was used. China Shipbuilding Corporation's "Wartime Mobilization Office" completed the evaluation of the main items of wave piercing catamarans as early as 1998. At the end of 1999, the preliminary design of WP60 wave piercing vessels of 701 passed the review. The water-jet propulsion device is most likely provided by the Shanghai 708 Water-jet Propulsion Engineering Research Center, but the possibility of direct import cannot be ruled out. Due to the volume limitation of the slab body, the 2208 is likely to use four diesel engines arranged in the hull to power four water-jet thrusters, which are driven by ZF's Z-shaped right-angle mechanical transmission box. MTU speedboat diesel engines from Shanxi Diesel Engine Factory may be used, such as 16V396TB94 (the legend 039 submarine uses the same 16V396SE84 diesel engine as the 212 class, also of the 396 series), fuel stop power 2560 / 2100kW / r / min, shape 3876X1480X2060mm, weight 7640kg ( With separate gearbox).

The biggest advantage of the wave-piercing ship type is that it achieves excellent high-speed and navigation quality on a missile ship of more than 200 tons such as 2208. The biggest technical highlight of the 2208 is not the wave-piercing ship type and water jet propulsion, but the integrated stealth design. It can be considered that the 2208 is the first type of Chinese Navy to implement an integrated stealth design. In contrast, the stealth design of large warships such as 052BC (168-171), 054 (525, etc.), and 051C (115, etc.) can be described as an introduction. The level is rude. Judging from the exhaust of the 2208 tailboard and water jet propulsion, the entire power transmission should implement a low-signal design. Studies have shown that the design of the ship's side slope of about 9-10 degrees and the superstructure of about 15 degrees can reduce the centimeter radar wave reflection, but it is not so effective for millimeter wave and double-base radar, and it needs to be coated to solve it. Although the large-inclined 45-degree side and multi-plane closed design can implement the stealth principle of "limiting the electromagnetic wave reflection angle", it will cause huge troubles in the construction of the hull. Usually it is designed only in the permitted parts, such as the stealth gun shell can Consists of 45-degree continuous sides. Although the 2208 of aluminum alloy is not so satisfactory, it can greatly reduce the magnetic signal characteristics. The stealth design of 2208 is kept strictly confidential. The information that can be found at present shows that the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has simulated the whole ship heat transfer infrared of the wave-piercing missile speedboat.

The design failure of 2208 in stealth can be seen everywhere. It may be a technical constraint, a design concept constraint, or an economic factor constraint. Judging from the pictures of the sea trials published on the Internet, the person at the bow can lie comfortably on the stern wall, and there is also a handrail protection next to the door from the cab to the front deck. , Lafayette, etc., 2208's stealth design can be called "unbelievable." It is estimated that for Chinese designers, Western design is more or less grass-killing human life on the walls and handrails, unlike the human care of the Eastern style that is revealed everywhere in 2208. Chinese sailors can stand on the bow of the sea and enjoy the "Titanic" -style romance. They can also grab the handrails and look at the scenery. Western counterparts have to hide in completely closed rooms and work honestly. Western stealth speedboats are difficult to "stand on the slope" at sea. Even Lafayette can only "get together" in a safe place. Obviously, there will not be Chinese-style 62 (Shanghai-class) patrol boats, 037II (red arrows). Class) The glory of the marine formation of missile escorts. It is still simple to remove the handrail. It may disappear immediately after fighting, but it is unreasonable that the anchor is not stored in the hull like Visby. Due to the existence of the anchor wall, this open space is definitely an excellent exposure for aerial reconnaissance. Point, of course, it is a good thing to get the exposed anchor in a completely closed collection. Stealth concepts such as discontinuous surfaces, raised devices that can be hidden or movable are contradictory on 2208. Although the front of the cabin has a multi-angled large bevel, there are armrests. The collectible armrest design is available on the "Junior 6" aircraft. There is no reason not to use this simple design, and the 2208 high-speed boat has not changed. The degree of handrails is not required during wartime. The existence of a cab window wiper may be due to a lack of money. Although there are countless ways to eliminate this kind of exposure, the wiper is the simplest and the least economical design should hide the wiper and expose it here. The problem of the concept of stealth has to remind people of the allusions of drying clothes on the barrel of the Qing dynasty. The design of the two aft aisle doors on the inside is already "funny". After the door is opened, it will cover the two outside seven windows of the cabin. Is the door incorrectly hinged or not two more windows should be opened at all? How about it? In such high-speed ships, the open aisle door always looks dangerous, and it is unknown whether there are measures to fix the door. In the front corner of the cab, navigation lights are designed to be hidden, implementing the concept of avoiding discontinuous existence on the surface. On the top platform of the cab, there are two stealth-designed antenna mounts, a photodetector base without any stealth treatment, and two signal lights. Maybe this is a "secret". I hope that the base without stealth treatment is lifted. After all, similar photodetectors on armored vehicles in China are designed to be lifted. Designers are based on economic principles. Go for stealth design. The 2208's stealth main mast is impeccable (except for the maintenance of the small "part" of the ladder frame), which shows that China has made a big technological progress in this field, but the equipment above is indeed a bit more. The technical requirements of the stealth mast integrated with electronic equipment are too high. It is normal for the 2208 to have no such design. The mast antenna mounts have been made invisible, and some electronic devices have been integrated into the mast design, such as the existence of veneer communication antennas. It is regrettable that the presence of meteorological equipment on the main mast beam can only show the conservatism of the Navy. There are countless ways to obtain real-time weather reports at sea. It is not difficult to implement the concept of stealth here. The stealth design of the missile compartment is suspect in any case. The design of the second 2208 follow-up boat was modified, and a bevel was added at the forward intersection because the stealth rule required the avoidance of a 90-degree plane intersection. In addition to the navigation radar and search attack radar of the 2208, the reconnaissance equipment shown in the picture may be passive, which is of great benefit to concealing the enemy.

From the analysis of the construction process, it is very likely that 2208 is equipped with lightweight composite anti-ballistic armor at important parts, and the cab may use anti-ballistic design. The defense design of the 2208 may not be sufficient. After all, this boat is too small. The valuable weight must first meet the requirements of combat equipment and continuous combat capabilities. It is estimated that a compromise has been made in the destructive design. 2208 is likely to rely on stealth, high speed, and countermeasures to actively avoid the attack, and the passive anti-sinking design may be sacrificed locally. This type of design is more in line with the needs of the Chinese Navy. As an offensive platform, a "bayonet to see red" type of assault is far more important than "not bad".

2208 appeared a complex set of integrated communication equipment. Most of the comprehensive detection and reconnaissance equipment appeared for the first time. Judging from some related communication antennas, 2208 has joint combat capabilities. In independent operations, an unknown type of photodetector, main mast light radar controls anti-ship missiles and 630 artillery. Whether the 2208 has independent missile beyond-horizon attack capabilities is still a mystery. From the perspective of relevant training, both 037IG (red star) and 037II guided missile frigates can use C801A (YJ8A, belonging to the Eagle Strike 8 series) anti-ship missiles under the guidance of the Zhi-9 Navy (including imported "Black Panther"). Beyond-horizon attack, small boats such as Visby and Thrall have helicopters because of the need for anti-ship missiles over-horizon attack. Another tactic of the 037 series is to cooperate with frigates, etc., and use frigates to launch beyond-horizon attacks. 2208 cannot use the Russian beyond-horizon radar to guide the SS-N-22 attack. Even frigates such as 053H2G (Jianwei class) do not have an over-horizon attack radar. The number of C801 in service is very small. It was replaced by the C801A with a range of 80 kilometers. The C802 was not in service. The so-called "powerball" supersonic anti-ship missile C803 can be attacked by ship-borne radar beyond line-of-sight. Although the setting of targets for Chinese anti-ship missiles can be accomplished through shore-based observation stations, seaplanes, and over-the-horizon radars, etc., on the Chinese navy ships, unique integrated reconnaissance equipment has been developed to silently monitor and set targets. Meta capabilities. On 037IG, there have been many cases where the radar range is far longer, and it was finally found that it was caused by the influence of the atmospheric waveguide. Based on this comprehensive judgment, China may have been able to attack beyond the horizon with boat-borne radar. However, during 2208 independent operations, it can guide C801A beyond-horizon attack at most, and C803 with a distance of more than 100 kilometers requires helicopter mid-range guidance. The 2208 may have the ability only provided by frigates, using a ship-based integrated reconnaissance equipment or a ship-borne radar to independently guide the C801A over-the-horizon attack. China has modified a large number of C803s on large ships, but there is no synchronous modification of over-the-horizon attack radars. Since Chinese large ships are mainly in formation operations and supported by shipborne helicopters, there will not be a situation where this ship cannot guide C803 attacks, but For the 2208, this is a tactical issue that must be considered. Obviously, the 2208 will not use heavy anti-ship missiles, otherwise it will lose its independent combat capability, and the C801 series is the best choice. Both C801A and C803 can be selected. It is only possible to use some adaptive variant of C801A for 2208. Because 2208 does not need to launch attacks at a distance of more than 100 kilometers, bayonet missile speedboats always rely on concealed enemy launches. Offensive. If the 2208 uses the C803, it must work in concert, which reduces the role of the 2208 independent assault. In terms of mission, this is the 037 series missile escort boat. Since the known C801A is not the same as the C803 launch box, the C801A is a fragmented open-box type, and the C803 is an open-open type. Whether 2208 can mix two kinds of missiles is also a problem. If they cannot be mixed, it will reduce the tactical flexibility of 2208. After all, 2208 is an offshore combat speedboat, which can get shore-based support. It is necessary to use C803 when appropriate. The 630 stealth gun at the bow is only a self-defense weapon, and it is not offensive. The bow also has two jamming launchers, which are estimated to be imitations of MK36. From this we can see that there are only a few anti-ship missiles in the good mouth of 2208. With reference to the arrangement of the C801 series on a speedboat, it is estimated that the 2208 is most likely equipped with 6 anti-ship missiles. From the perspective of boat balance, it may be only 4. The missile compartment is arranged too far behind, and the wave-piercing boat is very sensitive to longitudinal balance. The coupling of the three directions is more likely to cause drastic deterioration of navigational quality. Maybe there is a problem in the design of the power compartment, which has to be arranged. It is still an old problem of "heart disease". If the 2208 gets a suitable gas turbine, it can be arranged in two pieces. The upper hull cruise diesel engine will be able to achieve a more reasonable arrangement with the missile bay, and then bring a few more anti-ship missiles. .

Missile speedboats are particularly suitable for closing harbors and narrow seas, using high speed, high maneuverability, and strong concealment capabilities to engage at high speeds, preemptively attack, and quickly exit the battlefield. The displacement of missile boats is between 50-600 tons, of which the displacement of 200-300 tons accounts for about 45%, and the displacement of 300-600 tons accounts for about 30%. The coexistence of attack speed boats (FAC) and patrol speed boats (FPB) is the choice of the small country navy. In the division of the conventional missile speedboat with a limit of 300 tons, the difference between large and small and FPB has been integrated in modern FAC. Modern FAC is usually used as a coastal main ship, attacking large ships in wartime, and performing patrols and other tasks. The emphasis is more on multipurpose to replace FPB. Modern FAC is usually 30-65 meters long, with a displacement of 100-600 tons and a speed of 30 knots or more. The original FPB and FAC were replaced by multi-purpose large speedboats in countries like Sweden, and light frigates in Germany. The modern FAC represented by Visby abroad has made a comeback in the new century and evolved into a FAC revolution:

1. Modern large and medium ships are quite powerful and can be preemptive.

2. Invisibility.

3 The concept of joint operations enables independent operations.

4 Multitasking ability.

5. Coastal operations.

Some countries have developed light frigates to replace the old FAC:

1. Offshore areas engage enemy enemy ships.

2. Sufficient firepower and endurance to increase continuous combat capabilities.

3 Multitasking.

4 Unconventional combat capabilities.

5. Strengthen your own defense capabilities.

The modern FAC also stands by the modern OPV (Coastal Patrol Ship), which is usually used by the Navy or Coast Guard, law enforcement agencies, etc .:

1. Exclusive economic zone patrol, fisheries protection, search and rescue missions.

2. The cost is relatively low.

3 The combat system is simple.

It should be said that the division of navy light ships is too complicated today, and similar to the modern FAC is the retro Escort. After World War II, Britain first unified the Soviet Union in terms of titles, and revived the ancient "Frigate" to refer to various frigates. The United States unified the designation with NATO in 75 and divided some destroyers and frigates into missile frigates FFG and frigates FF. Frigate was originally another name for the sailboat Clippers Galleass, and later became the name of a fast sailing ship; later cruise ships used Frigate, and smaller ships were called Corvette (small cruiser) and Sloop (gunboat); between the two wars, the United Kingdom The coastal gunboat is called Sloop, which is a small frigate, and the anti-submarine frigate is called Corvette, which is a light frigate. The escort destroyer DestroyerEscort existed in the WWII destroyers. After the Second World War, the United States referred to the cruise frigate as PE (PatrolEscort) and the light frigate as PF (Corvette) until it was replaced by FFG and FF. Now the Chinese translation is in big trouble. Nearly 500 tons of Saar 4.5 is FAC. Wesby greater than 600 tons was originally used as FAC. Now it is more included in light frigates, that is, Corvette, 1200 tons of Saar 5 is also Corvette. The future frigate of the 23 class frigate replaced by the British in the future will be less than 100 meters in length and was originally called Escort; the 1600-ton K130 replaced by FAC in Germany is also Escort. Corvette and Sloop have historically confused translations between small frigates and light frigates, and today Escort and Corvette do the same. Obviously, Corvette mainly exists as a small country navy replacing FAC as the main ship. However, Escort, which replaced FAC in Germany, and British Escort, existed as "miniaturized" frigates. In other words, Corvette's main attack in the small country during wartime, patrolling in peacetime, is basically an enlargement of modern FAC; while other navies use Escort to patrol and assist in attacking in wartime, playing a role similar to FPB. For historical reasons, Corvette is often translated into a light frigate. Although the current Corvette should be called a small frigate, Escort is called a light frigate. I think it is more appropriate to call Escort a light patrol frigate or patrol frigate. Fortunately, the International Navy is also a mess in this regard. Escort has not yet become popular, and Frigate or Corvette are still making use of it.

For a translated name, after the explanation of the above mother-in-law, we can see the diversity and complexity of the classification of naval vessels. However, the above analysis at least makes it clear that the main ship as an assault and the auxiliary attack ship are quite different. In the auxiliary tasks, as the countries' understanding of the importance of the 200 nautical mile economic zone continues to deepen, the importance of modern OPVs has increased simultaneously. The lack of a coast guard poses a great problem to the Chinese Navy. The Chinese Navy s light fleet is burdened with heavy tasks. On the one hand, it performs some maritime police tasks as small-scale navies. On the other hand, the number of Chinese law enforcement agencies is seriously insufficient. And the lack of paramilitary agencies such as the Coast Guard. Maintaining maritime law and order is particularly complicated for China. For example, the dispute with the Philippines on Huangyan Island, the dispute between Diaoyu Island and Japan, and the maritime dispute with Vietnam all require the intervention of the Chinese Navy. From another perspective, the Chinese Navy s light fleet needs to patrol Nansha, 700 nautical miles away, while the 053 is a small force in law enforcement tasks and lacks air defense firepower. The Diaoyu Islands are even more embarrassing. According to the agreement, both China and Japan are obliged to prevent their nationals from landing on the island, but neither can use the navy. China, on the other hand, lacks an organization such as the Coast Guard and can only watch the Japanese Coast Guard for law enforcement. Worldwide, the division of responsibilities between the Navy and the Coast Guard is not very clear. The Coast Guard needs to assist the Navy in performing embargoes and other tasks, and the Navy often assists law enforcement along the coast. In the world navy, modern FAC is the main force of coastal operations in small countries. Germany and other frigates that have developed more than 1,000 tons have replaced FAC to perform offshore operations. Both types of ships are not used for ocean operations. Britain followed the United States' "Marine Combat Ship" to replace the 22/23 frigate FSC plan. Although it is used for coastal operations, it needs to "cross the ocean". The British and American FAC, FPB, Corvette, Escort, etc., and the navies of most countries It's completely different in concept. The 270-ton air-cushion catamaran shield developed by Norway is mainly used for patrol, but its combat mission completely covers the "storm" class FAC, showing that the small country navy emphasizes more on the expansion of multi-purpose capabilities while insisting on assault, and integrates FAC and FPB One task. In Southeast Asia, the former Warsaw Pact countries, South Africa, Germany and other countries, the focus is on developing light frigates as the main force of maritime operations or as the inner combat force of maritime defense. The development of light frigates is similar to that of FAC, with both maritime attacks and daily patrols, with different emphasis in different countries. This type of country generally supports the use of modern OPVs, and there are also cheap solutions that use OPVs as auxiliary combat ships instead of light frigates.

The development of the Chinese navy's light ships is not only historic, but also practically urgent. The navy, which has always been a big one, has made painful choices during the transition. The question of how to develop a light fleet was, is, and is foreseeable the headache of the Chinese Navy. The Navy needs to gradually expand the COSCO combat capability on the basis of consolidating the light fleet until it fully enters the ocean. In this long period of development, the light fleet is not an optional issue. Military geography determines that it is not easy for the Chinese navy to go to the ocean in the island chain blockade, and it is easy to attack from the ocean. Once the enemy enters the first island chain, China s long coastline is all exposed to the enemy s blow. The enemy can easily choose any point to launch the attack. . For the Chinese navy, coastal defense is completely passively attacked strategically. It is impossible for China to erect cannons and missiles on every coast that may be attacked. It is necessary to strengthen the development of maritime mobile combat forces to respond. The US Navy's drastic development of coastal battleships has proclaimed to the world the diversity and complexity of coastal operations. The light fleet is undoubtedly the main force of defensive naval coastal operations, and heavy fleets are not applicable. Even if the Chinese navy breaks the blockade of the first island chain, the heavy fleet will only ease the pressure on coastal defense, and the navy still needs a coastal fleet for a long time. This analysis has been integrated with the development strategy of the Chinese Navy to strengthen mobile combat capabilities and establish a large and deep maritime defense system. Coastal defense is an indispensable link in the construction of this system. On this basis, it advances to the ocean. During the journey to the ocean, the Chinese Navy can only do what it can to gradually expand the defense circle. First, a series of frigate-level island chain regional warships will be developed in the extension of the coastal defense circle to reduce the pressure on coastal defense, and then develop a heavy fleet. . The people's navy in the new century finally ushered in the "golden age" in the history of development. Under the dreamy policy of accelerating modernization, the navy has developed in an all-round way. Then strictly adhere to the clichés of task timing, development timing, and scale timing. The emergence of 2208 is in line with the Navy's strategic goal of "building targets and building capabilities." After the target is determined, what technology breaks through first, and equipment is developed on this technology. The "tradition" of Guoguo.

In the above analysis, it can be seen that 2208 may only be a simple replacement for 21 boats, and there is not much innovation in mission and tactics. To solve this problem, we need to enter history and look at the development of the navy light fleet. Chinese Navy light ships have historical missions:

1. Destroy enemy battleships.

2. Landing war and anti-landing war.

3 Area reconnaissance, control, etc.

4 Anti-submarine warfare.

5. Anti-Mine Warfare.

6. Mine war.

7. Patrol, escort, rescue, etc.

The defense system of the Chinese Navy is as follows:

1. Coastal firepower.

2. Coastal torpedo boats, missile boats, gunboats, etc.

3 Large missile speed boats, frigates, etc.

4 Missile frigate.

5.053 is a coastal combat frigate.

This system covers everything from the coast to the offshore area. Since the 1990s, the Chinese navy has streamlined its defense line as follows:

1. A small amount of lean shore defense firepower.

2. Large FAC and FPB Coast Defense.

3 Light frigate offshore defense.

China's first type of ship to break through the island chain is only a Type 051 (Lvda) destroyer, which is used to escort ocean formations and cover submarines through the island chain. The Type 053 (Jianghu-class) frigate developed in the 1970s was only used for offshore defense. Until the emergence of 053H2G in the 1990s, the Navy had the first type of frigates operating offshore. In the offshore defense circle, China mainly uses submarines to conduct anti-submarine warfare, and the surface fleet can also be supported by shore-based aircraft. Therefore, China's offshore combat ships have strengthened their anti-ship capabilities without exception. Although the 037 (Hainan-class) hunting submarine is under the banner of anti-submarine, it usually performs various "million dollar" missions in the Chinese Navy, as patrols of artillery patrol boats and other anti-submarine operations in wartime. When the 037II was demonstrated in the early 1980s, the Navy believed that the 21-ship assault efficiency was sufficient, and a large FPB-loaded missile-assisted attack was needed. Therefore, the 037-series missile escort ship developed was mainly used for long-term patrols in the South China Sea. In the 1990s, the Chinese navy was equipped with 037II high-end missile patrol vessels stationed in Hong Kong, and developed the cheaper 037IG and improved 037C as low-end, which completely replaced the 100-ton FAC and FPB. Originally, the 62 series FPB and 21 (Wasp-class), 024 (valley-class) FACs constituted a coastal mobile combat force, which cooperated with the shore fire prevention force to constitute coastal defense. In the development from the 1990s to the present, the fixed positions of shore guns and shore ship missiles are only reserved in particularly suitable locations. The C801 series of mobile shore ship missiles have been put into use, but in general, the shore-based strike firepower has been greatly reduced. Defense is mainly done by maritime mobile equipment. In terms of tactical use, the 037 series guided missile frigates operate in a separate formation or with the 21th fleet, and sometimes they are also incorporated into hunting submarines and minesweepers to form a light fleet; they can also be used as auxiliary forces and frigate formations, but the 21s are not lacking missile In the case of frigates separate tactics emerged with frigate formations. At present, the tasks of small FPBs are mainly performed by maritime law enforcement agencies and 037 frigates. Due to the poor airworthiness of small FACs, especially the high-speed assault airworthiness, they gradually fade out and are replaced by 037 frigates. In the "historical" 037 improved boat demonstration, the original 037II was an anti-submarine, requiring the use of a gas turbine. The subsequent 037II was a 900-ton light frigate. The tactical requirement was to add a base main anti-submarine ship between the 037 anti-submarine frigate and the Type 65 (Jiangnan-class) artillery frigate, and demonstrate synchronously with the large guided missile boat. The 21 boat obviously does not satisfy the navy. The follow-up boat is a 300-ton type 028 (Island-class) gas turbine missile speedboat. However, due to physical problems, it was retired in 74 years after 3 years of service. This type of speedboat with 6 C801 was eventually Changed to a test boat for the 082I (Wu sweep class) minesweeper for anti-explosion tests, ending a short life. The large missile boats demonstrated in the 1970s have not been decrypted, and no details are available. By the 1980s, 037II required the addition of anti-ship missiles. This 900-ton light frigate evolved into a 038 light missile frigate. The 037II missile frigate finally appeared and was determined to be used by the navy in Hong Kong. In this complicated and tortuous demonstration process, except for 037II, no light ship entered the sea from the paper, and even the gas turbine test boat 037G was scrapped directly on the platform.

Multi-purpose boat and multi-type boat with modular design have been selected by the navies of various countries. Due to the limitation of tonnage, all-round multi-purpose boat has serious technical problems. Multipurpose in foreign countries usually emphasizes patrolling in peacetime, and multipurpose in combat missions emphasizes that it can play a role in naval battles of various intensities and can strike targets that are as diverse as possible. The important difference between a light frigate and a modern FAC is that it has strong air defense or anti-submarine capabilities, but the difference is very vague. For example, Visby was classified in the FAC earlier. Now it is believed that the use of composite materials results in a small displacement. The length is At the frigate level, many agencies classify it as a light frigate. The definition of OPV is also relatively vague, and it is an important distinction from light frigates only for low-intensity combat. The FAC of the 1980s was usually a large missile speedboat. As the main force of offensive forces, the biggest difference from the modern FAC was the lack of multi-purpose capabilities. The Chinese Navy's coastal combat missions are complex and burdensome. The Chinese coast is the world's most suitable minefield, and it is also very suitable for conventional submarine activities. Facing the heavy anti-blockade operations of the island chain, this requires a large number of light anti-submarine warships, Light mine warships, FAC, etc. The FAC abroad usually breaks these three tasks into one boat and multiple types, and any type requires multi-purpose for daily patrols. It is a general trend for China to establish a coast guard, and it is only a matter of time before it emerges. It is not necessary to emphasize multi-purpose on small boats. Due to technical constraints, China usually develops single-purpose combat ships. The only exception is the 037 series, which exists as anti-submarine artillery patrol boats or anti-submarine anti-ship patrol boats. Although patrol missions are gradually decreasing, the missions of large FPBs and even patrol frigates are not completely replaced by OPVs. Assisting maritime law enforcement is still something the Navy needs to consider. The usual tasks of the speedboat forces of the former Soviet Union were maritime rescue and law enforcement. During wartime, they only played an assault role in attack tasks. In defense tasks, maritime security operations and patrols were required. The Chinese speed boat unit adheres to the "professional principle", and the division of attack and patrol tasks is relatively clear, although it is not so strict in actual use. The 037 series was overwhelmed. It was an exception. One of the reasons why it was so beautiful was the poor seaworthiness of the boat, and the other was that it could cooperate with frigates in offshore operations during wartime, and could also get the assault support of missile speedboats to form formations Combat reduces the urgency of the main assault mission. On a larger level, the navy's 037 series follow-up boats will have divergences between attack platforms and defense platforms. One is to fight various light boats and 2208 formations as the main attacking ship's FAC; the other is to form light frigate formations. With the FPB for patrol missions (that is, a direct replacement for the current 037-series missions), the complexity of the Chinese Navy's mission has been thoroughly demonstrated. Offshore defense in eastern China is actually the defense within the first island chain, including island defense and nearshore defense, and light frigates are needed at the outer layer; in the South China Sea, the navy needs base defense, long-distance island defense, etc., and large FAC, FPB, and Light frigate.

The comparison between 2208 and modern FAC is as follows:

1.2208 is a professional missile speedboat with powerful anti-ship capabilities, but lacks the multi-mission capability of modern FAC.

2. Stealth is emphasized as much as modern FAC.

3 It is used in the same offshore as the modern FAC and has joint combat capabilities.

No multitasking ability is the most significant "different" of the 2208. 2208 only a 630 fast-fire gun is also far from foreign missile speedboats 40, 57 and 76 caliber guns, inheriting the characteristics of 21,024 missile speedboat guns. 2208 is only a pure anti-ship fire platform. It plays the role of a one-time fire platform for joint operations in the coastal light fleet. It also plays the role of "long-range artillery" in coastal defense. It can also be used as a mobile force for island and base defense. From a mission point of view, 2208 is just a "classic missile speedboat." Due to the existence of 037 boats, 2208 may also perform auxiliary patrol missions. After all, the seaworthy boat is very seaworthy. If the 2208 emphasizes patrol missions, low-intensity naval warfare and onshore operations are essential. The 630 artillery is only a CIWS (anti-missile defense artillery), which is almost non-aggressive. The 2208 weapon system is not suitable for defensive patrol missions. China's missile boats have been guided by shore-based observation stations for blocking, searching, ambushing, and guerrilla operations. Only after the 1990s did a large number of light ship formation operations, and they were able to operate offshore formations independently. 2208 will naturally inherit these tactics. Whether it can leave the shore-based command for non-mixed formations to conduct independent operations remains to be further examined. It is not that 2208 will have everything to do with joint combat capabilities, and whether the battlefield system supports it is the key issue.

The contradiction between professionalism and multi-purpose is not outstanding enough on this small boat of 2208, but the emergence of 2208 indicates that the navy has retained the tradition of coastal defense, and the next development of 037 frigates is more important. In the 037II argument of the 1980s, the reason for abandoning the same tonnage missile speedboat in Europe was too expensive, and it was not capable of reaching European standards, and the missile escort boat could better meet the needs of the navy. It can be said that the appearance of 2208 was a dream fulfilled by the Navy. Finally, there was a second-generation high-speed attack missile boat, which made up for the shortcoming of 037. We have seen the 37 test boat modified with 76 guns. The old 053 has also been converted into a fire support ship. In the future, landing operations will require not only large FACs but also large FPBs, and this is related to how the navy chooses light frigates. It seems unrealistic to cancel the 037 class, and it is not realistic to abandon light frigates. However, in the analysis of the island chain to divide the combat area, the navy needs "all-round" light frigates to lead the small boat island chain operations, if necessary, to obtain larger ships Support; With the 2208 assault boat, a larger FAC is needed to connect the 2208 with the light frigate, and daily patrols and other tasks still need to be completed by a large FPB such as 037. The 037 follow-up boat can be developed according to the principle of multiple types of boats, instead of the navy's customary "professional" division. This requires China's breakthrough in the field of modular technology.

The road map for the development of the light fleet in the 1990s was not fully reflected. The "traditional" and "classical" of 2208 only reflected the "hunger and starvation" of the Navy in the case of "compensatory investment." The Chinese navy has ushered in an unprecedented period of great development and is also facing the severe challenges of the world navy revolution. If it cannot seize the opportunity to move forward quickly, the Chinese navy may be thrown back to the 19th century by the world navy. In modern sea power theory, technology is an important point. The 053 series frigates and 051 destroyers have not been installed for a long time. The 167 ships are not equipped with small materials. The 2208 at least proves that the navy has broken through the design and construction bottlenecks of "professional" ship technology . The second generation of naval ships was marked by the appearance of 037II, and then expanded on large ships. The third generation of naval ships was marked by the appearance of 052BC, but the technically true third generation ships are still small boats such as 2208. The emergence of 2208 allows us to see the great breakthroughs made by the aggressive People's Navy in technology, although this breakthrough has not been reflected in missions and tactics. It can be expected that the large-scale remodeling of the Navy's light fleet will soon begin, there will be more surprises waiting for military fans, and there will be more shocking ships displayed in front of the world.