What Is a Fire Detector?

A fire detector is a device that detects a fire in an automatic fire alarm system for fire detection. Fire detectors are the "sensory organs" of the system, and their role is to monitor for fires in the environment. Once there is a fire, the characteristic physical quantities of the fire, such as temperature, smoke, gas, and radiant light intensity, are converted into electrical signals, and immediately act to send alarm signals to the fire alarm controller.

Fire detector is one of the most important components of a fire detection system. It contains at least one sensor that can continuously or at various frequency cycles detect various physical and chemical phenomena generated during the combustion of a substance, and can at least control and indicate The device provides a suitable signal. Its basic function is to effectively respond to various physical, chemical parameters that characterize fire signals such as gas, smoke, heat, light (flame) generated during the material combustion process, and convert them into computer-received electrical signals for computer analysis. deal with. Fire detectors generally consist of a sensitive element sensor, a processing unit, and a judgment and indication circuit.The sensitive element sensor can monitor one or several fire parameters, respond effectively, and then be processed electronically or mechanically and transformed. For electrical signal ^[1]

1.According to the type of information collection on the scene:

Advantages: No matter which detector is produced, it can detect the occurrence of fire and has a relatively high sensitivity. It is relatively simple in installation.

Disadvantages: The equipment produced by each company cannot be universal, independent and positive. And they cannot communicate with each other.

Sensitive components:

With the continuous expansion of application fields and increasing application requirements, ordinary types of temperature and smoke fire detection and alarm systems can no longer meet the needs. New types of high-tech detectors are constantly being developed. Their characteristics are:

(1) Function update

One of the biggest features of modern fire detectors is that the discriminant function and the decision-making power are not only separated from the concept, but have been implemented separately in practical applications. The early discriminant functions and decision-making powers are combined into one, which is realized by the sensor device set in the detector, so the processing problem is rigid and susceptible to interference. The discrimination function and decision-making power of modern fire detection sensors are controlled by software, which can filter out interference, identify real and fake fires, and realize intelligent fire judgment.

(2) Improved reliability

The improvement of the reliability of the fire detection and alarm system is first reflected in the use of intelligent technology to process the fire information provided by the sensors. People use multiple fire detection algorithms and multiple multi-sensor sensing methods to provide more adequate and reliable information for judging fires. High-tech such as fuzzy logic and neural network are used for fire discrimination, which greatly improves the reliability of fire detection.

(3) Advance alarm time

The new type of fire detector is not limited to the timely alarm of the fire that has occurred. It can identify the potential fire danger in the hours or days before the fire and realize the early fire alarm ^[1] .