What is a hydraulic turbine?

Hydraulic turbine is a machine that converts energy from movable water into the rotary force of the shaft. The rotating shaft can be connected to the electricity generator. The main resolution of one hydraulic turbine from the other is whether it is a reaction or type of pulse. These categories are further classified into specific designs, including Francis, Kaplan, Pelton, Turgo and Cross Flow. The angular blades around the shaft on the reaction hydraulic turbine cause lifting the pressure and strength from the water and converting to rotation. Reaction turbines generally work with low to middle head or water pressure. The spiral -shaped inlet directs water to the wheel or runner. The wizard with adjustable blades tzalédal against the runner at the desired angle. The pressure and flow of water changes by reaction with the runner, creating torque.

The chaplain or propeller is another variant of the reaction type. The construction includes blades that lead a stream of water and shoulder blades on a rotor shaft similar to the ship's propeller. The blades are adjustable to have a maThey have ximized efficiency through the range of pressure levels if there is enough water flow, making this design very flexible.

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pulse turbine creates a rotation of the strength of the water to a number of buckets or cups surrounding the shaft. The buckets are not immersed in water, but move through a stream of water. The speed of water increases by forcing it with a nozzle before hitting the buckets. Impulse turbines can work on high heads and do not require a closed closed.

Pelton version of the pulse hydraulic turbine, ie Pelton's wheel, has a number of buckets in the ring around the shaft. The buckets are divided in the middle, so the water strength of the nozzle is not blocked by one bucket to achieve another. The water curves around the shape of each rounded bucket almost 180 ° and its speed decreases significantly. The slowed water descends into the discharge channel under the turbine.

Another pulse turbine is Turgo design. This isDotka is similar to Pelton wheels, but buckets are flat on one edge surrounded by encircling. The nozzle points water against buckets to enter one side and drain on the other. Turgo processes higher speed than Pelton configuration using a smaller wheel, because the entrance water is not mixed with a discharge.

turbines between the cross flow work with a rotor in the shape of a drum ended at both ends and connect with rounded Thatt are sometimes in the design of a spiral or double helix. The nozzle of this hydraulic turbine points water through the rotor so that the water contacts the blades twice before it suffers from its energy and falls into the discharge. Cross -flow turbines can work with a very small head, even with a large flow.