What is a Lathe Spindle?
The machine tool spindle refers to the axis on the machine tool that drives the workpiece or tool to rotate. Spindle components are usually composed of the main shaft, bearings and transmission parts (gears or pulleys). In the machine, it is mainly used to support transmission parts such as gears and pulleys, to transmit motion and torque, such as machine tool spindles; some are used to clamp workpieces, such as mandrels.
- Lathe spindle refers to
- Indexes for measuring the performance of main shaft components are mainly rotation accuracy, stiffness and speed adaptability. Rotation accuracy: The radial and axial runout in the direction that affects the machining accuracy when the spindle rotates is mainly determined by the manufacturing and assembly quality of the spindle and bearings. static and dynamic
- along with
- 1. Rotational speed and temperature rise: With the development of science and technology, the spindle speed of machine tools is getting higher and higher, and the variable speed range is getting wider. Therefore, the requirements for high-speed running stability of bearings are also getting higher and higher. The temperature rise of the spindle bearing of the machine tool is an important factor that limits the speed of the bearing. Under normal circumstances, the correct selection of bearing type, tolerance level, configuration method, clearance (preload) size, lubricant and lubrication method can improve the high-speed performance of rolling bearings to a certain extent.
- 2. Life and load carrying capacity: For general machine tools, the life of the spindle assembly mainly refers to the service life of maintaining the accuracy of the spindle. Therefore, it is required to maintain the accuracy of the bearing to meet the requirements of the life of the spindle assembly. For heavy machine tools or high-power cutting machine tools, the bearing capacity of the bearing should be considered first.
- 3. Stiffness and vibration resistance: In order to ensure the processing quality of the machine tool, the spindle system must be sufficiently rigid, otherwise it will cause large re-image errors or even chatter. Vibration resistance refers to the ability to resist forced vibration and self-excited vibration. The vibration resistance of the spindle assembly depends on the stiffness and damping of the spindle and bearings. The use of pre-tensioned rolling bearings can effectively increase the rigidity of the spindle system.
- 4. Noise: In high-speed grinding machines, the noise of the grinding head bearing is the main component of the whole machine noise. Low-noise rolling bearings should be selected.
- The shape of the box adopts a right-angle connection between the sides to make the box simple and bright.
- The headstock uses the bottom surface of the box body and two guide blocks as positioning and mounting surfaces, and is fixed with screws and pressure plates. Simple installation and reliable positioning.
- To reduce the operating temperature of the bearing, the often used method is lubricating oil. There are two types of lubrication: oil and gas lubrication and oil circulation lubrication. Pay attention to the following points when using these two methods:
- 1. When using oil circulating lubrication, make sure that the amount of oil in the constant temperature tank of the spindle is sufficient.
- 2. The oil and gas lubrication method is just the opposite of oil circulation lubrication. It only needs to fill one percent of the bearing space capacity.
- The advantages of cyclic lubrication are that it can reduce frictional heat generation while satisfying lubrication, and can absorb part of the heat of the spindle assembly.
- There are also two types of lubrication for spindle lubrication: oil mist lubrication and injection lubrication [3] .