What Is a Rough Terrain Forklift?
Off-road forklifts, also called field forklifts, are equipment for loading and unloading materials at the material distribution centers with poor road conditions such as airports, terminals, stations, etc. It has good maneuverability and off-road reliability.
- An off-road forklift is an engineering vehicle and a balanced forklift that can safely carry out loading, unloading, stacking, and handling operations on slopes and uneven ground. It can be equipped with forks or replaced with various attachments for high operating efficiency. There are many types of off-road forklifts, which have developed rapidly abroad. [1]
- (1) All-wheel drive with good passability and off-road performance. There is no differential between the axles, and large-diameter wide-base off-road tires are used. The minimum ground clearance of the vehicle is more than 300mm and the departure angle is more than 30 °.
- (2) Adopt articulated frame. The swing angle of the frame is generally ± 30 ° ~ 40 °, the steering system is simple, and no expensive steering drive axle is needed. A small turning radius can be achieved. The steering wheel is manipulated to swing the frame horizontally, making the fork easy to align Materials, for small tonnage off-road forklifts, an integrated frame can be used, single axle drive, drive axle with differential lock.
- (3) All-wheel braking. Except for the small-tonnage forklifts, which employ the structure of an expanding shoe brake, most of them are caliper disc brakes. There are also wet-type brakes for tonnage forklifts. Parking brakes are most common with independent hand braking.
- (4) For 2t ~ 3t articulated off-road forklifts, the front and rear axles are universal.
- (5) The rear axle of the axle off-road forklift is fixed to the frame, and the front axle can swing vertically from the frame by ± 8 ° ~ 12 °. A supporting hydraulic cylinder is provided between the frame and the front axle. When the forklift is performing lifting operations, the hydraulic mast is operated to keep the lifting mast in a vertical state. When the forklift is running, the upper and lower chambers of the hydraulic cylinder are routed by oil. Coupling of the damping holes is conducive to improving the ride comfort of the vehicle.
- (6) There is a large wheelbase and wheelbase. Increase the longitudinal and longitudinal stability of the forklift.
- (7) Good mobility. The maximum speed is generally (30 ~ 40) km / h. The power factor is above 0.65, the driving acceleration is good, and it has a climbing ability of 25 ° ~ 30 °.
- (8) Large mast angle. This is necessary for safe operation and driving on uneven ground. Generally it is the first 10 ° ~ 15 °, and the backward tilt is 15 °.
- (9) Installation of driver's seat. In order to ensure that the operator has a better field of vision during loading operations, the driver's seat is generally arranged forward. For an articulated forklift, place it on the front frame as much as possible. According to different operating requirements, install an overhead guard cab with FOPS / ROPS.
- (10) Walking system. Similar to the loader, there are a variety of mechanical transmission (Me), hydraulic shift mechanical transmission (HyC), hydraulic transmission (T / C) and static pressure transmission (HYD). The difference is the full power matching method, whose maximum load is the full load climbing condition. [1]
- Off-road forklifts generally consist of four parts: engine, chassis, working equipment and electrical equipment. [2]
- The hydrostatic transmission has high efficiency and a wide range of high-efficiency working conditions, which can save resources and simplify the structure of auxiliary facilities such as heat dissipation and cooling.
- Using a closed circuit in the form of a combination of a variable pump and a variable motor, automatic stepless adjustment is realized, and the power of the diesel engine remains relatively constant, the power utilization is the highest, and the entire machine operates economically.
- Using the dual DA control variable system, the diesel engine speed is reduced under the combined operating conditions, but the pressure of the hydraulic system is always maintained, so that the traction force does not decrease.
- The overall parameter optimization of the whole machine is realized to the greatest extent, so that it can provide the maximum productivity and the highest economic benefits. [2]
- Off-road forklifts are mainly used in urban construction sites, pipeline laying, oil field development, field projects such as mountain and forest areas, as well as loading and unloading of containers at the terminal cargo yard, and are also used by the army to load and unload military materials during the war. [1]
- The working device structure of the off-road forklift is the same as that of the counterweight forklift, except that it has a completely different chassis structure. [1]