What Is a Subfloor?

Floor, the surface layer of the floor or floor of a house. Made of wood or other materials. There are many types of flooring, according to the structure: solid wood flooring, laminate flooring, three-layer solid wood composite flooring, bamboo and wood flooring, anticorrosive flooring, softwood flooring, and the most popular multi-layered solid wood flooring. : Household, commercial, anti-static floor, outdoor floor, special floor for stage dance, special floor for sports hall, special floor for track and field, etc. According to environmental protection classification: E0 floor, E1 floor, F4 floor, JAS star Grade standard F4 star floor and much more.

[dì bn]

Floor, the surface layer of the floor or floor of a house. by

Floor origin

Lu Ban was the originator of the wood, and the wooden floor was also the origin of Lu Ban. Lu Ban's mantra records: Fu Yi, natural landscape, the floor of the town house, resist all disasters, the home is auspicious, the family is prosperous and healthy.

Floor classification

There are many types of flooring, according to the structure: solid wood flooring, laminate flooring, three-layer solid wood composite flooring, bamboo and wood flooring, anticorrosive flooring, softwood flooring, and the most popular multi-layered solid wood flooring. : Household flooring, commercial flooring, anti-static flooring, outdoor flooring, flooring for stage dance, flooring for sports venues, flooring for track and field, etc. According to environmental protection classifications: E1 flooring, E0 flooring, JAS star Grade standard F4 star floor etc. There are some special flooring specializing in geothermal in the Chinese market. In fact, as long as the substrate is stable, does not crack, does not deform, and has high environmental performance, it can maintain heat and heat, even pure solid wood flooring and floor heating can be used.

wooden floor:

Several solid wood floors (4 photos)

Solid wood flooring is a floor decoration material formed by drying and processing wood. It has the characteristics of natural patterns, comfortable feet, and safe use. It is an ideal material for floor decoration in bedrooms, living rooms, and study rooms. The decorative style of solid wood returns to its true nature, and the texture is natural. Today, with the decline of forest coverage and the promotion of environmental protection, solid wood flooring is even more precious. The weakness of solid wood flooring is that it has poor durability against moisture and sunlight. Moisture swells natural wood, but it shrinks when it is dry, causing gaps and even buckling. The use of underfloor heating has great requirements for the processing and selection of solid wood flooring, so on the market, solid wood underfloor heating is not available, but very few.

The advantages and disadvantages of solid wood flooring and the price point can be judged not only from the different tree species, but also from various aspects such as paint film hardness, paint surface abrasion resistance, paint film adhesion, and moisture content indicators.

Grade of solid wood flooring : divided by country: first-class product, first-class product, qualified product three levels, the highest quality.

Environmental protection level : The country has not made corresponding standards.

Abrasion resistance level : The surface abrasion resistance index of the top-quality solid wood floor lacquer board is 0.08g / 100r; the first-class product is 0.10g / 100r; the qualified product is 0.15g / 100r.

Paint film hardness : It reflects the strength of the paint film on the surface of solid wood flooring. It has a close relationship with the material of the solid wood floor and the thickness and material of the paint film itself. And qualified products H.

Paint film adhesion : It reflects the adhesion strength of paint to solid wood flooring. Failure of this index also indicates that the paint quality of the floor is poor, which may cause the paint to crack or even peel in use, which also affects the service life of the floor. National standards stipulate that the adhesion index of superior quality solid wood floor paint film is 0 to 1; first-class products 2; qualified products 3

Moisture content index : refers to the moisture content of solid wood flooring in the unsealed or freshly removed packaging state in the sales area. Failure of this index will cause the floor to deform, warp, arch or leave the seam during use, which will affect the appearance and performance. National standards stipulate that the moisture content index of solid wood flooring is 7% to the equilibrium moisture content of the sales place.

Chromatic aberration : This is the key. Many solid wood disputes are here. It is unrealistic for people to demand the same natural color difference of solid wood flooring. Solid wood flooring must have chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration is natural and unavoidable. This is determined by natural attributes. Therefore, the state has no requirements for chromatic aberration when formulating relevant standards.

Laminate flooring:

Laminate flooring is a popular floor material in recent years. Official scientific name: impregnated paper laminated wooden floor. It is made by adding rubber, preservatives and additives after crushing the logs, and then pressing and processing at high temperature and high pressure with a hot press. Therefore, it breaks the physical structure of the logs and overcomes the weakness of the poor stability of the logs. The composite floor has high strength, uniform specifications, high abrasion resistance coefficient, anti-corrosion, moth-proof and good decorative effect, and overcomes the problems of scars, insect eyes and color difference on the surface of the logs.

Laminate flooring:

Very wear-resistant, beautiful pattern, stable structure, economical and applicable

There is no need to paint and wax, and it has a wide range of use and easy care. It is the most suitable floor material for the rhythm of modern family life. In addition, the use of wood in laminate flooring is high, and it is a good environmental protection material.

The environmental protection classification of laminate flooring and multilayer solid wood flooring is the most stringent national regulation.

(National new standard GB / T18102-2007) is two levels of E1 and E0. JAS star standard F3 star floor F4 star floor is the most stringent formaldehyde detection method in the world, but this is the Japanese national standard established by the Japanese government. F4 star floor can reach the formaldehyde emission of solid wood. Most domestic flooring manufacturers have some difficulties in production and have not yet joined China's national standards. Therefore, to reach this level of floor, must be certified by the China General Administration of Quality Supervision and China National Standards Commission. After receiving the application from the manufacturer, the above-mentioned units will be tested and tested for a long time and jointly issued a certificate after they meet the standards before they can be marketed in China according to the F4 star floor standard.

Comparison of F4 star floor and E1 E0 level detection methods:

JAS star standard detection method

Detection of E1 E0 in national standards

Parquet:

Solid wood flooring is divided into three layers of solid wood flooring, multi-layer solid wood flooring, and new solid wood flooring. Because it is staggered and laminated from different tree species, it overcomes the shortcoming of solid wood flooring. The dry shrinkage and swelling rate is small, has good dimensional stability, and retains the natural wood grain and comfortable foot feel of solid wood flooring. Suitable for consumers who like the natural beauty of solid wood flooring, but are also afraid of the instability of solid wood flooring.

The solid wood flooring and the stability of the reinforced wood flooring are combined with the beauty of the solid wood flooring, and the new solid wood flooring with environmental protection advantages and high performance value should be the development trend of the wood flooring industry.

Three-layer solid wood composite floor:

structure:

Role: Good wood elasticity, comfortable feet, good warmth, natural color, and stable structure represent the current trend of international flooring

The classification of the environmental protection grade of solid wood flooring is the same as that of laminate flooring, and it is divided into E1 and E0. Because the market price is between reinforcement and the price of solid wood, the cost of environmental protection to achieve E0 will be close to the price of solid wood flooring, so the market is mainly based on environmental protection E1. However, in order to sell goods, merchants often do not talk about environmental protection standards, saying that this is solid wood, mixed food concept.

Other standards for parquet are the same as for solid wood flooring. Everyone makes a good identification.

Bamboo and wood floors:

It is a floor made of bamboo after treatment. It is not only rich in the natural beauty of natural materials, but also has the advantages of wear resistance and durability. It is also resistant to moth and shock. Bamboo and wooden floors are warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof and wear-resistant, and are easy to use. In particular, they can reduce the use of wood and protect the environment. According to the structure, bamboo flooring is divided into lamination, vertical pressure, and industrial pressure. These manufacturing methods, environmental protection grades and reinforced flooring are the same, and they are divided into E1 and E0. Other standards are the same as solid wood flooring.

Cork flooring:

Cork is the protective layer of Chinese oak, that is, bark, commonly known as cork oak. The thickness of cork is generally 4.5 mm, and high-quality cork can reach 8.9 mm. Compared with solid wood flooring, cork flooring is more excellent in environmental performance and moisture resistance.

There are three main types of cork flooring:

Pure cork floor. The thickness is 4 or 5 mm. It is very rough and primitive in terms of color, and there is no fixed pattern. Its biggest feature is that it is made of pure soft wood, and its installation is pasted, that is, it is directly attached to the ground with special glue. The construction process is more complicated and the flatness of the ground is also higher.

Cork silent floor. It is a combination of cork and laminate flooring. It adds a layer of cork about 2 mm to the bottom of ordinary laminate flooring, and its thickness can reach 13.4 mm. When a person walks on top, the bottom cork can absorb part of the sound and play a role in sound reduction.

Cork floor. Seen from the cross section, there are three layers. The surface layer and the bottom layer are made of natural cork. The middle layer is sandwiched with a HDF board with a lock. The thickness can reach 11.8 mm. The performance is consistent with the HDF board, which greatly enhances the stability of this floor. The inner and outer layers of cork can achieve a good mute effect. The surface cork is also coated with a special high-grade flexible paint, which not only reflects the texture of the cork, but also plays a good protective role. At the same time, this kind of floor uses the lock technology, which fully guarantees the tightness and flatness of the floor splicing. It can directly adopt the suspension paving method.

Floor wood floor effect

Wooden flooring has beautiful and durable characteristics. It is comfortable and natural to live in, warm in winter and cool in summer. It can well represent a person's life taste is elegant.

PVC PVC floor board

It is a new type of light floor decoration material that is very popular in the world today, also known as "light floor". Is a kind of popular in Japan and South Korea in Europe, America and Asia

PVC plastic floor

Welcomed products are popular all over the world, and have entered the Chinese market since the early 1980s. So far, they have been widely recognized in large and medium-sized cities in China. And other places. PVC plastic floor refers to the floor made of polyvinyl chloride. Specifically, it uses polyvinyl chloride and its copolymerized resin as the main raw materials, adds fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, colorants and other auxiliary materials, and applies the coating process or calendering, extrusion or extrusion on a continuous sheet-like substrate. Crafted.

Floor wooden floor maintenance

1. After the wooden floor is purchased and installed, the daily maintenance is the most important during the long-term use, which directly affects the service life of the floor. Although laminate flooring has many advantages such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, compression resistance, impact resistance, easy cleaning, care, and good dimensional stability, scientific maintenance cannot be ignored in use. Because there are quite a few problems caused by improper use and maintenance of the floor.
2, often keep the floor dry and clean, do not wash with a lot of water, take care to avoid local long-term water immersion. If there are oil stains and stains on the floor, please pay attention to removing them in time. You can use domestic mild neutral detergent and warm water for treatment. It is best to use the special floor cleaning protection solution that is matched with the floor. Do not use caustic liquids such as alkaline water, oxalic acid, soapy water, etc. to touch the surface of the floor, and do not wipe the floor with flammable materials such as gasoline and other high temperature liquids. Solid wood floors and multi-layer solid wood floors are often waxed to maintain gloss and reduce paint aging and wear.
3. It is recommended to place kick pads at the door to prevent dust particles from being brought into the floor and damage the floor; overweight items should be stably placed; do not drag when moving furniture, it is advisable to lift.
4. When there is no one living in the house, pay attention to opening windows for ventilation.
5. If the floor is soaked in special circumstances, clean up the water in time and report it to the floor dealer in time. The floor will be disassembled by a special person, and the floor and wall should be completely dry before installing the floor.
6. If the customer's home uses floor heating, please warm the ground strictly in accordance with the geothermal heating requirements to avoid improper temperature adjustment and affect the floor.

Floor summer considerations

In summer, it is hot, so you should pay attention to cooling the wooden floor from heatstroke. The sun should be avoided. If the sun can directly reach the floor, it is recommended that the owner should pull up the curtains for proper maintenance. Today, let's take a look at several places that need to pay attention to sun protection on the floor.

First, summer floor heatstroke and cooling

The air conditioner has the function of cooling and dehumidifying. If the air outlet is always blowing towards a place, it is easy to cause shrinkage of the floor there. Therefore, when using air conditioners in summer, it is best to let the air outlet swing and not to blow in one direction. In addition, the doorway is generally the air outlet, which is very dry. Experienced installers will seal wax at the closing to prevent the moisture in the board from leaking and avoid shrinkage. Owners can also wipe these floors with a damp cloth to avoid getting too dry.

In addition, some owners ca nt stay for a long time after the renovation, do not ventilate, or spread newspapers, plastic paper, etc. on the floor to prevent dust, etc. This approach is quite wrong. Due to long periods of non-ventilation, in a closed environment, the floor is prone to deformation and shrinkage. Moreover, once the time is too long, the laminate flooring with poor quality and most solid wood floors are difficult to recover. The loss caused by this is also irreversible ignore. Therefore, if you do not live for a long time after the renovation, it is recommended that the owner regularly ventilate the house to breath fresh air to the floor.

Misunderstanding of floor purchase

Misunderstanding 1: Use the key to measure the wear resistance of the floor

More than one salesperson chose to scratch the surface of the floor with a key when he showed that the quality of the flooring of the brand floor is high, and then pointed out to the reporter that there was no trace on the floor, and that the salesman used a marker pen to write freely on the floor surface and then used The cloth is easily wiped off to prove that the board has good stain resistance.

Expert analysis: National standards have clear requirements for the abrasion resistance and stain resistance of sheet surfaces. Experts said that the presentation made by the salesperson is actually the minimum performance that the surface of the board should have, and it cannot explain the problem. Because in actual testing, the testing methods and conditions are much stricter.

Misunderstanding 2: The flooring is still good

When buying wooden flooring, many consumers will be enthusiastic about choosing domestic or imported boards, and some salesmen will spare no effort in recommending imported boards: "The environmental performance of imported boards is the best." But the price of imported boards is also higher than that of domestic boards. The board height is 20%-about 100%.

Expert analysis: Experts believe that, in terms of quality, the products of large domestic flooring companies are not inferior to some imported flooring, and all boards that meet national standards should pass the environmental protection performance and usability. If you compare the foreign environmental protection level E1 with the domestic E0 level, it is not as good as the EO environmental protection! It can only be said that some exporting countries have high levels of quality control and relatively stable product quality. But at least the Chinese national standards are met, otherwise he will not be allowed to sell in China. He said consumers don't have to be too superstitious, it is better to choose based on their financial ability.

Misunderstanding 3: Geothermal should be dedicated, and even wooden floors are not suitable.

In fact, this is a big misunderstanding. The thermal conductivity of wooden floors is a bit slower, but it is also an advantage. It has a not too intense heating and cooling range, which is suitable for elderly and children, but once the temperature comes up, it is no different from ceramic tiles.

The primary goals of wood floor heating are:

Floor environmental protection -release of harmful substances under high temperature. The environmental protection level should be as high as possible. At this point, solid wood flooring is quite stained. E0 and F4 stars of other floors are good choices.

Stable flooring -Under the drastic changes in temperature difference, the more stable the better, the multilayer solid wood and laminate flooring are all good, and the solid wood can also be processed specially.

Installation of underfloor heating floor- some businesses are laying aluminum flooring mats on underfloor heating. They choose to add aluminum foil, saying that it is for rapid heat conduction. This is a misunderstanding! This will make the floor heat up more slowly! Have you ever seen an outdoor water-pipe freeze protection in winter? There is a layer of aluminum foil, and that one is very insulated. The first step of the floor heating construction is to lay up the aluminum foil insulation layer (same as the floor aluminum foil moisture-proof pad), and then lay the hot water pipeline on it, so that the heat will not be lost below, and then you are laying on top, then it is troublesome, haha ! !!

Myth 4: Three layers of solid wood are better than multiple layers .

Multi-layer solid wood composite flooring and three-layer solid wood composite flooring are both solid wood composite flooring. They are made of solid wood veneer or panel of different materials with environmentally friendly glue under high temperature and hot pressing. Among them, the three-layer solid wood composite floor is Laminated from three layers of solid wood veneer. Multiple layers are laminated one by one. The quality of the wood depends on the thickness of the surface wood. The three layers do not have to be thicker than the multilayers, and the multilayers can reach 2MM. The stability of the three-layer has some disadvantages. For example, the cracking rate is higher than that of the multi-layer. However, in terms of cost comparison, the small-sized boards are almost the same. If the size is large, the three-layers need to be saved. Because the multi-layers are rotary cut, the large-size sheeting rate is low. As for environmental protection, it depends on what level he has achieved. If the same environmental protection level, there is no need to compare, the same.

Myth 5: The difference between German technology, German equipment and German manufacturing (for laminate flooring) :

All laminate flooring can be called German technology because laminate flooring originated in Germany. Germany is also a major producer and supplier of laminate flooring. Of course, all floors are the product of German technology. 100% of laminate flooring factories in China can be called German technology manufacturing.

German equipment refers to the floor produced by using some or some of the German companies' machinery and equipment manufactured in China. 90% of Chinese factories can be called German equipment.

Originally imported from Germany, this is explained by the fact that the back of each floor must have the madeinGermany logo, not Germanyteach or anything, it must also be on the packing box, and it must also have a customs import form, and a test report (generally imported by manufacturers Can provide, if not, it is a fake) but imported flooring can only show that his products meet the requirements of our Chinese national standards. As for higher standards, it depends on his standard level.

Notes and tips for buying solid wood flooring

1. Don't buy colored flooring:

The colored floor flooded the market a lot. This is the reason why the Chinese flooring industry is unhealthy. First, everyone fights for the price, no profit, and then works on the quality of the floor. First, they use first-class boards to fill the first-class boards, or take 1/3. The first-class board is added to 2/3 of the first-class board. Since the first-class board has worm eyes, two colors, and white edges, the scars need to be repaired with putty and color, and in order to make you not see this It's a repaired board. They can only be colored on the surface of the board. If they are done well, they are also colored on the notch and the back. So you can't see that this is a coloring board, and the color difference is small. The board is beautiful. After paving, after a while, because the board surface has been repaired, various problems such as cracking and paint explosion will occur, and if you polish and repair, because of the color addition and fall off, your floor, have you seen the Peking Opera Facebook ?

2. Pay attention to the notch and thickness when buying the floor:

These two points are also very important. Everyone knows that the standard floor thickness should be 18mm, but there are many 17.5mm floors in the market, but I'm not saying that a 0.5mm floor effect will be affected. The key is that 17.5mm floors are mostly Insufficient thickness of the board or the curved board is modified, and most of the curved board is poorly dried or the stress has not been solved. Such a floor is dangerous. Its problems will be displayed after paving and it will appear as arching. , Corrugated, etc., and the slot length is another way for manufacturers to cut corners. Since the floor area is calculated based on the width and length of the board, the shorter the manufacturer s slot, the wider the board s surface. He reduced the cost, and he did so, and it was the consumer that caused the damage. The floor notch was short, and it was easy to make a sound. The floor would make a squeaking sound. The way to avoid the above two deceiving tricks is one: first look at the floor when buying the floor to see if the texture of the floor is clear and there is a normal color difference, and then let the manufacturer indicate on the purchase sheet whether it is a color plate (coloring plate), go back Saw the floor during installation, and paint the side with water to see if the base color of the board is consistent. If the difference is large, it is a colored board. Regarding the notch, the national standard is 3.5mm ~ 4mm. You can measure it. If you do not measure it, you You can put the two boards together, hold one, and the other is suspended at an inclination angle of 45 degrees to see if the other one will fall. If it falls, it is likely that the slot length is insufficient, and the slot is too tight during splicing. Be careful with the floor, because some manufacturers deliberately make the slot very tight in order to keep the board from falling, while the normal slot has a certain gap.

3. Pay attention to the difference in paint:

There are roughly 2 types of pu paint and UV paint on the floor market. When buying flooring, be sure to ask about the type of paint. Do not buy pu paint flooring. It is extremely environmentally friendly, and its benzene and formaldehyde emissions are very high. The paint has a short life span and has been banned in European and American countries. As for the UV paint, it is divided into two types, one is ordinary bright surface spray coating uv paint, and the other is roll coating uv paint (ultra-wear-resistant paint promoted by some factories). The spray coating uv paint requires frequent waxing and the life of the paint surface. Generally in 2 to 3 years (calculated based on the occurrence of large effect degradation) and roll coating is just another process of UV paint. Generally, it has a matte effect, and the surface is matte, and the super wear resistance of the paint is generally It is the addition of aluminum oxide powder in the paint. This is an important point to distinguish between ordinary roll paint and super wear-resistant paint. This point should be specified by the manufacturer on the sales order.

4. Identify the floor name:

For example, teak, everyone knows that teak is a very valuable wood, but in order to make money, manufacturers have many similar names such as teak king (actually picking Asian wood), Brazilian teak (actually twin-leaf wood), and so on. They have nothing to do with teak, and the degree of stability and stability are far worse, but the color and pattern are slightly similar. The scientific names and English names of some valuable tree species are not provided below (for common tree species) for your reference: Black walnut (American black walnut walnut ) Origin: USA, Canada; Teak (Teak Teak), Origin: Myanmar, Thailand; Maple (Canada Maple, Maple Maple) Origin: Europe, Canada; Red Sandalwood (Balmia redcabreuva); Oak (Oak Oak) Origin: Europe ; Cherry (Cherry), origin in the United States, Canada, the above tree species are recognized in the world as a valuable tree species, of course, some manufacturers have given their boards flashy names such as rural maple, Aegean red cherry, only one way The wood origin and scientific name are clearly written, and the deceiver will sue him, at least doubling him.

5. Correctly identify floor life and cost performance:

1) Laminate flooring

Manufacturers generally publicize that the quality guarantee is 10-15 years, and I have even seen packages for life. In fact, the life of laminate flooring is mainly determined by the quality of the surface abrasion layer and the quality of the substrate. If a better wear-resistant layer is selected, the water resistance of the substrate is also better, and there is no problem in household use for more than 20 years. The price is relatively confusing, with a minimum of ten yuan to more than 500 yuan. Mainly environmental protection performance, abrasion resistance, flame retardant performance, water swelling performance, and the price difference. In addition to the above-mentioned high performance of some high-grade laminate flooring, in terms of color and surface treatment, such as synchronization pattern, hand-grip pattern Pearls, specular highlights, and artistic treatments also cause price differences.

2) Multi-layer solid wood composite floor

The environmental performance of multi-layer solid wood is similar to that of laminate flooring. It belongs to the same grade in Europe. The difference is that it feels more like solid wood flooring. However, because it is made of plywood and veneer, environmental protection is more difficult to control. Here, he is the shortest, and some even do not exceed one year. It all depends on the surface paint. When the paint surface is broken, you can remove the floor. No repairs. There are multi-layer solid wood with a surface of about 2mm on the market. It can be polished N times, but since he cuts or cuts the epidermis, it is easy to crack once polished, so stop this idea. The price of multi-layer solid wood composite is generally between 150-600 yuan, and there may be cheaper. The imported multi-layer solid wood is slightly more expensive. Japanese products are mostly, Japanese resources are too scarce, and the concept of environmental protection is excellent. The surface layer of the floor is all 0.6mm. Japan's labor is expensive, and the price of the floor is naturally higher.

3) Solid wood floor

The price of solid wood flooring is already low enough on the market. As long as I pay attention to the previous few purchases of paint, notches, specifications, etc., there are basically no major problems, but be careful when buying light-colored flooring. There are many varieties of wood properties Unstable, such as Balau, Rusang, Bafu Yunxiang (Ivory Wood) are all kinds of materials that are prone to problems. In addition, the wood properties of iron camphor and oil nutmeg are also very questionable. Ask the Consumer Association, these They are all wood species with many complaints. In order to reduce competition and pursue profits, some manufacturers have developed many floors that are not suitable for wood. Many African woods have good names, such as African black walnut, African teak, etc. Linked with high-quality wood species) Originally, these woods were low in price and poor in quality (the African wood had more worm eyes and rough wood properties), but he sold them at high prices, but you can't compare them. I suggest that you treat these lonely tree species with caution. Three-layer solid wood flooring is the latest flooring product and was once all the rage. In fact, there is essentially no difference between three-layer solid wood and multi-layer solid wood, except that the middle has been replaced by broken poplar or pine wood sticks. The environmental protection level is also mostly E1 level. As far as environmental protection is better than multi-layer, it is purely a misunderstanding.

8. Which one buys which board?

The best way to avoid peeling between the constructor and the floorer. Consumers are always weak, think about it, you are watching your decoration company and flooring business blame each other at a high temperature of 38 degrees, and you can't confirm who's fault. What is the scene, remember, the opponent only needs one That's enough. With this method, at least you can confirm who to find a lawsuit, draw a sword to go out, mountains and rivers, and tears, you have to find out who to follow.

9. About after-sales disputes:

In the event of a dispute, remember the role of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. 3.15 Complaints are generally the most effective way. Do things according to chapters, absolutely not suffer!