What Is a Volute Pump?
Centrifugal pump refers to a pump that transports liquid by the centrifugal force generated when the impeller rotates. [1]
- Chinese name
- Centrifugal pump
- Foreign name
- Centrifugal pump
- Hanyu Pinyin
- li xin beng
- Industry
- Machinery manufacturing
- Material
- Cast iron cast steel. Stainless steel plastic glass steel. Alloy
- Seal
- Packing seal, impeller, mechanical seal, etc.
- Centrifugal pump refers to a pump that transports liquid by the centrifugal force generated when the impeller rotates. [1]
- The centrifugal pump works by making the centrifugal motion of the water with the impeller rotating. Before starting the pump, the pump casing and the suction pipe must be filled with water, and then the motor should be started to cause the pump shaft to drive the impeller and water to perform high-speed rotating motion. Channel into the pressurized water line of the pump.
Centrifugal pump structure composition
- The basic structure of a centrifugal pump is composed of six parts: impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearing, seal ring, stuffing box.
- 1. The impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump. It has a high speed and high output. The blades on the impeller play a major role. The impeller must pass the static balance test before assembly. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller are required to be smooth to reduce the frictional loss of water flow.
- 2. The pump body is also called the pump casing, which is the main body of the water pump. It plays a supporting and fixing role and is connected with the bracket on which the bearing is installed.
- Centrifugal pump atlas (3 photos)
- 3. The role of the pump shaft is to connect the motor and the motor by a coupling, and transmit the torque of the motor to the impeller, so it is the main component for transmitting mechanical energy.
- 4. The sliding bearing is made of transparent oil as lubricant. Add oil to the oil level line. Too much oil will leak out along the pump shaft, too few bearings will overheat and burn out and cause an accident! During the operation of the pump, the temperature of the bearing is up to 85 degrees, and generally runs at about 60 degrees.
- 5. Sealing ring is also called leakage reducing ring.
- 6. The stuffing box is mainly composed of packing, water-sealing ring, packing tube, packing gland and water-sealing pipe. The function of the stuffing box is mainly to close the gap between the pump casing and the pump shaft, to prevent the water in the pump from flowing to the outside and the outside air to enter the pump. Always keep the vacuum inside the pump! When the pump shaft and the filler produce friction to generate heat, it is necessary to rely on the water seal tube to hold the water into the water seal ring to cool the filler! Keep the pump running normally. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the inspection of the stuffing box during the running inspection of the pump! The packing needs to be replaced after about 600 hours of operation.
Centrifugal Pump Product Analysis
Basic structure of centrifugal pump
- The basic structure of a centrifugal pump is composed of eight parts, namely: impeller, pump body, pump cover, water retaining ring, pump shaft, bearing, seal ring, stuffing box, and axial force balancing device.
- 1. Impeller is the core part of centrifugal pump, it has high speed and high output force.
- 2. The pump body is also called the pump casing, which is the main body of the pump. It plays a supporting and fixing role and is connected with the bracket on which the bearing is installed.
- 3. The function of the pump shaft is to connect the motor and the motor through a coupling to transmit the torque of the motor to the impeller, so it is the main component for transmitting mechanical energy.
- 4. Sealing ring is also called leakage reducing ring.
- 5. The stuffing box is mainly composed of packing, so that the water in the pump does not flow to the outside and the outside air does not enter the pump. Always keep the vacuum inside the pump! When the pump shaft and the filler friction produce heat, it is necessary to inject water into the water seal ring to cool the filler!
- 6. Axial force balancing device. During the operation of the centrifugal pump, because the liquid enters the impeller under low pressure and flows out under high pressure, the pressure on both sides of the impeller is different, and an axial thrust is directed toward the inlet direction. It will cause the axial movement of the rotor, causing wear and vibration, so an axial thrust bearing should be provided to balance the axial force.
- kind
- First, sort by the number of impellers
- 1. Single-stage pump: that is, there is only one impeller on the pump shaft.
- 2. Multi-stage pump: That is, there are two or more impellers on the pump shaft. At this time, the total head of the pump is the sum of the heads generated by n impellers.
- Multi-stage centrifugal pump
- Classification by working pressure
- 1. Low pressure pump: water pressure below 100 meters;
- 2. Medium pressure pump: the pressure is between 100 ~ 650 meters of water column;
- 3. High-pressure pump: the pressure is higher than 650 meters of water column.
- Classification by impeller suction
- 1. Unilateral water inlet pump: also called single suction pump, that is, there is only one water inlet on the impeller;
- 2. Double-side water inlet pump: also called double suction pump, that is, there is a water inlet on both sides of the impeller. Its flow rate is double that of the single-suction pump, which can be regarded as two single-suction pump impellers placed back to back together.
- Classification by pump casing combination
- 1. Horizontal split-open pump: that is, there is a joint seam on the horizontal plane passing through the axis line.
- 2. Vertical joint surface pump: the joint surface is perpendicular to the axis line.
- Five, sort by pump shaft position
- 1. Horizontal pump: The pump shaft is in a horizontal position.
- Horizontal pump
- 2. Vertical pump: The pump shaft is located in a vertical position.
- Classification by impeller output method
- 1. Volute pump: After the water comes out of the impeller, it directly enters the pump casing with a spiral shape.
- 2. Guide vane pump: After the water comes out of the impeller, it enters the guide vane outside it, and then enters the next stage or flows into the outlet pipe.
- Classification by installation height
- 1. Self-priming centrifugal pump: The pump shaft is lower than the surface of the suction basin, and no irrigation is required during startup, and it can start automatically.
- 2. Suction centrifugal pump (non-self-priming centrifugal pump): the pump shaft is higher than the surface of the suction pool. Before starting, you need to fill the pump casing and the suction pipe with water, and then drive the motor to make the impeller rotate at high speed. The water is thrown out of the impeller by centrifugal force. After being affected by the impeller rotating at high speed, the impeller is thrown out and enters the pressure water pipe.
- In addition, it can be classified according to the application, such as oil pump, water pump, condensate pump, ash discharge pump, circulating water pump, etc.
Centrifugal pump features
- By inhalation
- Single suction pump liquid flows into the impeller from one side with axial force
- Double suction pump liquid flows into the impeller from both sides, there is no axial force, and the flow of the pump is almost double that of the single suction pump
- By level
- Single-stage pump with only one impeller on its shaft
- Multi-stage pumps have two or more impellers on the same pump shaft, and the liquid flows through each impeller in turn. The more the number of stages, the higher the head
- By pump shaft orientation
- Horizontal pump shaft placed horizontally
- Vertical pump shaft perpendicular to the horizontal plane
- By shell type
- The segmented pump housing is connected to the segment by a long bolt according to the plane part perpendicular to the shaft.
- Split-open pump housing is split on the plane passing through the axis line
- The volute pump is equipped with a centrifugal pump with a spiral pressure water chamber, such as a commonly used end-suction cantilever centrifugal pump
- Centrifugal pump with guide vane pressure water chamber
- Special structure
- Pipeline pump as part of pipeline, no need to change pipeline during installation
- Submersible pump and electric motor made into one body and submerged in water
- Submersible pump body immersed in liquid
- The canned pump impeller is integrated with the motor rotor and is in the same sealed housing. It does not need to adopt a sealed structure and belongs to a leak-free pump.
- Except for the inlet and outlet of the magnetic pump, the pump body is completely closed, and the connection between the pump and the motor is driven by magnetic steel suction.
- Self-priming pump, no need to fill liquid when pump starts
- The speed of the high-speed pump is increased by the speed increasing box. Generally, the speed can reach more than 10000r / min. It can also be called a partial flow pump or a tangential booster pump.
- The inlet and outlet pipes of the vertical barrel pump are at the same height on the upper part, and have two layers of inner and outer shells. The inner shell is composed of a rotor and a guide vane.
- ISG domestic water pump, domestic pump, residential water pump, domestic water supply and drainage equipment are designed according to the IS, IR type centrifugal pump performance parameters and the unique structure combination of vertical pumps, and are designed and manufactured strictly in accordance with ISO2858 requirements, using domestic high quality hydraulic models It is designed to be the ideal new generation horizontal pump product. This product always uses hard alloy mechanical seals. Scope of application: ISW pump is suitable for industrial and urban water supply and drainage, such as high-rise building pressurized water supply, garden sprinkler irrigation, fire pressurization, long-distance transportation, HVAC refrigeration, bathroom and other pressurization and equipment supporting, the use temperature does not exceed 85 . ISWR pumps are widely used in: metallurgy, chemical, textile, papermaking, and restaurant heating and other boiler heat source water pressurization, transportation, and urban heating systems, the SGWR type use temperature does not exceed 120 .
Use of centrifugal pump
- The test run of the pump shall meet the following requirements:
- The steering of the driver should be the same as that of the pump;
- Find out the steering of pipeline pumps and coaxial pumps;
- There should be no looseness in the fixed connection parts, and the specifications and quantity of the lubricant filled in each lubricating part should meet the requirements of the equipment technical documents;
- The parts with pre-lubrication requirements shall be pre-lubricated according to regulations;
- Each indicator and safety protection device should be sensitive, accurate and reliable;
- The turning gear should be flexible and free from abnormal phenomena;
- The high temperature pump should be preheated before the test run, the temperature should be uniformly increased, and the temperature rise per hour should not be greater than 50 ; the temperature difference between the surface of the pump body and the process pipeline with working medium inlet should not be greater than 40
- Set up connection devices to eliminate the influence of temperature rise, and set up bypass connection devices to provide cooling water source.
- Pay attention to the following points when operating the centrifugal pump:
- Prohibit running without water, do not adjust the suction port to reduce the displacement, and prohibit running at too low flow;
- Monitor the running process to completely prevent the stuffing box from leaking, and use new packing when replacing the stuffing box;
- Ensure that the mechanical seal has sufficient flushing water flow, and water-cooled bearings are prohibited from using excessive water flow;
- Do not use too much lubricant;
- Check at the recommended cycle. Establish operating records, including hours of operation, adjustment and replacement of packings, adding lubricants and other maintenance measures and time. The suction and discharge pressure, flow rate, input power, temperature of the washing liquid and bearings, and vibration of the centrifugal pump should be measured and recorded regularly.
- The host of the centrifugal pump draws water from the low to the high place by atmospheric pressure, and the atmospheric pressure can only support a water column of about 10.3m at most, so the host of the centrifugal pump cannot work 12 meters from the water surface.
Centrifugal pump maintenance
- 3.1 Analysis of mechanical seal failure of centrifugal pump
- Centrifugal pump downtime is mainly caused by the failure of mechanical seals. Most of the failure manifestations are leaks, and there are several reasons for leaks:
- The leakage of the sealing surface of the dynamic and static ring is mainly due to the flatness and roughness of the end face, or the surface is scratched; there is particulate matter between the end faces, which causes the two end faces to not operate the same;
- The leakage of the seal ring of the compensation ring is mainly due to the deformation of the gland and the uneven pre-tightening force; the installation is incorrect; the quality of the seal ring does not meet the standards; the seal ring is not selected correctly.
- The actual use results show that the most frequent failure of the sealing element is the dynamic, the end face of the static ring, the centrifugal pump seal moves, and the crack on the end face of the static ring is a common failure phenomenon. The main reasons are:
- The gap of the sealing surface is too large during installation, the flushing liquid can not take away the heat generated by the friction pair; the leaking fluid leaks from the gap of the sealing surface, resulting in overheating of the end surface and damage.
- The liquid medium is vaporized and expanded, so that the two end surfaces are separated by the vaporization expansion force. When the two sealing surfaces are strongly bonded, the lubricating film is destroyed and the end surface surface is overheated.
- Poor lubricity of the liquid medium, coupled with overload of operating pressure, the two sealing surfaces are tracking and rotating asynchronously. For example, the high speed pump speed is 20445r / min, the center diameter of the sealing surface is 7cm, and the linear speed of the pump is as high as 75 m / s. When a sealing surface lags behind, it cannot track the rotation, and the sealing surface is damaged due to instantaneous high temperature.
- The sealing flushing orifice plate or filter is blocked, resulting in insufficient water volume and invalidating the mechanical seal.
- In addition, the sealing surface has grooves, and gaps appear when the end faces are bonded, which causes the failure of the sealing element. The main reasons are:
- The liquid medium is not clean, there are tiny hard particles, and it slides on the sealing surface at a high speed, scratches the end surface and fails.
- The concentricity of the pump and pump transmission parts is poor. The end face is shaken and rubbed once every turn after the pump is turned on. The moving track of the moving ring is not concentric, causing the end face to vaporize and overheat and wear.
- Frequent occurrence of hydraulic characteristics of the liquid medium causes vibration of the pump set, causing displacement of the sealing surface and failure.
- Corrosion of the sealing element by the liquid medium, stress concentration, coordination of soft and hard materials, erosion, auxiliary sealing O-rings, V-rings, concave rings are incompatible with the liquid medium, deformation, etc. will cause mechanical seal surface damage and failure, so A comprehensive analysis of the damage forms is needed to find out the root cause and ensure that the mechanical seal runs for a long time.
- 3.2 Requirements after the centrifugal pump stops running
- After the centrifugal pump stops running, the population valve of the pump should be closed, and the valves of the auxiliary system should be closed after the pump has cooled down.
- The high-temperature pump should be stopped according to the technical documents of the equipment. After stopping, it should be turned for half a circle every 20 to 30 minutes until the temperature of the pump body drops to 50 ° C.
- When the cryopump is stopped, when there are no special requirements, the pump should always be filled with liquid; the suction valve and discharge valve should be kept open; cryogenic pumps with double-end mechanical seals, liquid level controllers and the sealing liquid in the pump seal cavity The grout pressure of the pump should be maintained.
- Pumps that transport media that are easy to crystallize, solidify, and settle. After stopping the pump, prevent blockage, and flush the pump and pipeline with water or other media in time. Drain the liquid accumulated in the pump to prevent rust and frost cracking.
- 3.3 Storage of centrifugal pumps
- The unpainted pump should be coated with a suitable antirust agent on the unpainted surface. Bearings lubricated with oil should be filled with appropriate oil. Bearings lubricated with grease should be filled with only one type of grease. Use mixed grease.
- Pump people clean liquid for a short time, flush, suction line, discharge line, pump casing and impeller, and clean the flushing liquid in the pump casing, suction line and discharge line side by side.
- Drain the oil from the bearing box, fill it with clean oil, thoroughly clean the grease and refill it with new grease.
- Seal the suction and discharge ports, store the pump in a clean, dry place, protect the motor windings from moisture, and spray the inside of the pump casing with an anti-rust liquid and an anti-corrosive liquid.
- The pump shaft rotates once a month to avoid freezing and lubricate the bearings.
Centrifugal pump start
- First, the preparation work before starting the centrifugal pump
- a. Check before the centrifugal pump starts
- Whether the name, model, main performance and filling quantity of the lubricant meet the requirements of technical documents;
- Whether the bearing lubrication system, sealing system and cooling system are intact, and whether the oil and water channels of the bearing are smooth;
- Rotate the rotor of the pump for 1 to 2 revolutions, and check whether the rotor has friction or jam;
- Are there any foreign objects in the vicinity of the coupling or the belt guard?
- Whether the foundation anchor bolts of the pump, bearing housing and motor are loose;
- The valve or auxiliary device of the pump working system should be in the position with the least load when the pump is running, and the outlet regulating valve should be closed;
- Jog the pump to see if the impeller steering is consistent with the design. If it is not consistent, you must stop the impeller completely and then adjust the motor wiring before starting again.
- b. centrifugal pump is filled with water
- Before the pump is started, the pump casing and the suction pipe must be filled with water. This is because the vacuum at the suction port of the pump cannot be formed and maintained in the presence of air.
- c. Centrifugal pump warm pump
- Multi-stage centrifugal pumps that transport high-temperature liquids, such as boiler feedwater pumps in power plants, must be warmed before starting. This is because when the feedwater pump is started, the high-temperature feedwater flows through the pump, which makes the temperature of the pump body rise quickly from normal temperature to 100-200 ° C, which will cause the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the pump and various components. Heat transfer time and measures to properly control temperature rise will cause uneven expansion of the pump, causing deformation, wear, vibration and bearing shaft accidents of various parts of the pump body.
- Matters needing attention
- A centrifugal pump is a vane pump. During the rotation of the impeller, due to the interaction between the blade and the liquid, the blade transfers mechanical energy to the liquid, which increases the pressure energy of the liquid and achieves the purpose of conveying the liquid. There are four points to note when starting the centrifugal pump:
- The lift produced by a centrifugal pump at a certain speed has a limited value. The operating point flow and shaft power depend on the condition of the installation system connected to the pump (position difference, pressure difference, and line loss). The head changes with the flow.
- Stable work, continuous delivery, no pulsation in flow and pressure.
- Generally there is no self-priming ability, and the pump needs to be filled with liquid or the pipeline must be evacuated before it can start working.
- The centrifugal pump is started when the discharge line valve is closed, and the vortex pump and axial flow pump are started when the valve is fully open to reduce the starting power.
- Because the centrifugal pump lifts the water by the suction of the centrifugal force of the impeller, when the centrifugal pump starts, the gate valve must be closed and the water is filled. When the water level exceeds the impeller, the air in the centrifugal pump can be exhausted before starting. After starting, a vacuum is formed around the impeller to suck up the water, and its gate valve can automatically open to lift the water. Therefore, the gate valve must be closed first.
Centrifugal pump vibration analysis
- 1. The rotor of the centrifugal pump is unbalanced and misaligned. This problem accounts for a large proportion of the vibration problem of the centrifugal pump, about 80%. Factors that cause the rotor of the centrifugal pump to be unbalanced: The material prevents the unevenness and the component structure is unqualified, which causes the rotor mass centerline and the shaft centerline to be misaligned, resulting in an imbalance caused by eccentricity. Correcting the rotor imbalance of the centrifugal pump can be divided into two. Static and dynamic balance: Generally also known as single-sided balance and double-sided balance. The difference is that single-sided balance is performed on one correction surface, while double-sided balance is performed on two correction surfaces.
2. Installation reason: the foundation bolts are loose and the level of adjustment is not adjusted. Before the centrifugal pump works, check whether the foundation bolts are loose and whether the installation of the centrifugal pump is level. These will also cause the centrifugal pump to vibrate during operation.
3. Foreign matter in the centrifugal pump. Before the centrifugal pump works, check the inside of the pump. Due to long-term use, there may be some foreign objects such as weeds in the water.
4. Cavitation inside the centrifugal pump due to prolonged use.
5. There are unreasonable circumstances in the design of the centrifugal pump, such as the size and size of parts. However, this situation is relatively rare. Before leaving the factory, the centrifugal pump will be tested many times in the workshop to ensure the qualified rate of the factory centrifugal pump.
Main performance of centrifugal pump
- I. Centrifugal pump power and efficiency
- Due to various losses during the operation of the pump, the actual (effective) head and flow of the pump are lower than the theoretical value, and the power of the input pump is higher than the theoretical value.
- H______ effective head of the pump, that is, the energy obtained from the pump per unit quantity of liquid in the gravitational field, m;
- Q ______ Actual flow of the pump, m3 / s;
- ______ liquid density, kg / m3;
- Ne______ The effective power of the pump, that is, the mechanical energy obtained by the liquid from the pump per unit time, W.
- The effective power can be written as Ne = QHg
- The power input to the centrifugal pump by the motor is called the pump shaft power, which is expressed in N. The ratio of effective power to shaft power is defined as the total efficiency of the pump , that is,
- = Ne / N
- Second, the loss in the pump
- The various losses in the centrifugal pump are:
- (1) Volume loss
- The loss due to pump leakage is called volume loss. The ratio of the pump power when there is no volume loss to the pump power when there is a volume loss is called the volumetric efficiency v of the pump.
- (2) Hydraulic loss
- When the fluid flows through the impeller and the pump casing, changes in the velocity and direction of the flow velocity and the existence of the reverse pressure gradient cause circulation and vortices, resulting in energy loss. This loss is called hydraulic loss. The hydraulic efficiency h of the centrifugal pump at the rated flow rate is generally 0.8 to 0.9.
- (3) Mechanical loss
- The loss caused by the friction between the impeller and the liquid rotating at high speed and the mechanical friction at the bearings, shaft seals, etc. is called mechanical loss. The mechanical efficiency M is generally 0.96 to 0.99.
- note:
- 1. The main performance parameters indicated on the nameplate of the centrifugal pump are the values measured under the highest efficiency conditions with 20 ° C clear water as an experiment.
- 2. Understand and master the meaning and usage conditions of each curve in the characteristic curve, pay attention to the range of the highest efficiency zone ( = 92% max) and its use.
Centrifugal pump advantages
- Compact structure
- Wide range of flow and head
- Suitable for mildly corrosive liquids
- Multiple control options
- Uniform flow, stable operation and low vibration. No special damping foundation is required.
- Equipment installation and maintenance costs are lower.
Technical parameters of centrifugal pump
- flow
- Head
- Pumped liquid temperature range
- System pressure
- Shaft power
Application scope of centrifugal pump
- Liquid transfer
- cooling system
- Industrial cleaning system
- Aquaculture farm
- Fertilization system
- Metering system
- Industrial equipment
- Centrifugal pumps can be widely used in power, metallurgy, coal, building materials and other industries to transport slurry containing solid particles. Such as thermal power plant ash removal, metallurgical dressing plant slurry transportation, coal washing plant coal slurry and heavy media transportation. When the centrifugal pump is working, the pump needs to be placed on the ground, the suction pipe is placed in the water, and the pump needs to be started. Due to the structural limitation of the mud pump and the submersible centrifugal pump, the motor needs to be placed on the water surface during operation, and the pump must be fixed in the water. Otherwise, the motor will be scrapped if it falls into the water. And because the length of the long shaft is generally fixed, the installation and use of the pump is troublesome, and the application occasions are subject to many restrictions.
Centrifugal pump working flow
- First, working point
- The characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump is an inherent characteristic of the pump itself, and it has nothing to do with external use. However, once the pump is arranged to work in a certain pipeline system, its actual working condition is not only related to the characteristics of the centrifugal pump itself, but also depends on the characteristics of the pipeline. Therefore, to select and use a centrifugal pump, you must also consider the characteristics of the pipeline.
- When conveying liquid in a specific pipeline, the required head He of the pipeline varies with the square of the flow rate Qe. Drawing this relationship on the coordinate paper is the corresponding pipeline characteristic curve.
- If the characteristic curve of the centrifugal pump and the pipeline characteristic curve are plotted on the same coordinate paper, as shown in the figure above, the intersection point M of these two lines is called the operating point of the pump. When selecting a pump, it is required that the flow rate and pressure head corresponding to the operating point can not only meet the requirements of the piping system, but also be provided by the centrifugal pump, that is, Q = Qe, H = He.
- Flow adjustment
- (1) Change the opening degree of the valve
- Changing the valve switch on the outlet pipe of a centrifugal pump essentially changes the characteristic curve of the pipeline. As shown in the figure below, when the valve is closed, the local resistance of the pipeline increases, the characteristic curve of the pipeline becomes steep, the operating point moves from M to M1, and the flow rate decreases from QM to QM1. When the valve is opened, the resistance of the pipeline decreases, the characteristic curve of the pipeline becomes flat, the working point moves to M2, and the flow increases to QM2.
- The use of valves to adjust the flow rate is fast and convenient, and the flow rate can be continuously changed, which is suitable for the characteristics of continuous chemical production. So it is widely used. The disadvantage is that when the valve is closed, the resistance loss increases, the energy consumption increases, and it is very uneconomical.
- (2) Change the speed of the pump
- Changing the speed of the pump is essentially changing the characteristic curve of the pump. The original speed of the pump is n, and the operating point is M. As shown in the figure below, if the pump's rotating speed is increased to n1, the characteristic curve of the pump H-Q moves up, the operating point moves from M to M1, and the flow rate increases from QM To QM1. If the speed of the pump is reduced to n2, the operating point is moved to M2, and the flow rate is reduced to QM2.
- This adjustment method requires a speed change device or an expensive speed change prime mover, and it is difficult to continuously adjust the flow rate, so it is rarely used in chemical production.
Introduction of common standards for centrifugal pumps
- In the field of petroleum and chemical industry, the most widely used international standards for centrifugal pumps are API610, ISO5199 and ANSIB73.1M / B73.2M, etc., and the domestic standards are GB3215 and GB5656 / T.
- 1.1API610
- API is the abbreviation of American Petroleum Institute. The purpose of publishing the API610 standard is to provide a procurement specification to facilitate the manufacture and procurement of centrifugal pumps.
- 1.2 ISO5199
- ISO is short for International Organization for Standardization. ISO5199 Technical Specification for Centrifugal Pumps, Class (Centrifugal Pump Technical Specification ), mainly based on the German DIN standard.
- 1.3 ASMEB73.1M / B73.2M
- ASME is the abbreviation of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Centrifugal pump performance parameters
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