What Is an Electrostatic Precipitator?

Electrostatic dust removal is a method of gas dust removal. Dust-containing gas is electrically separated when passing through a high-voltage electrostatic field. After the dust particles and negative ions are combined with a negative charge, they tend to discharge toward the anode surface and deposit. Used in metallurgy, chemical and other industries to purify gases or recover useful dust particles. Dust collection method that uses an electrostatic field to ionize a gas so that dust particles are charged and adsorbed on an electrode. In a strong electric field, air molecules are ionized into positive ions and electrons. When the electrons run toward the positive electrode, they encounter dust particles, which cause the dust particles to be negatively charged and adsorbed to the positive electrode to be collected.

According to the current domestic types of electrostatic precipitators, they can be roughly divided into the following categories: vertical and horizontal according to the direction of air flow, plate and tube according to the type of precipitation pole, and methods for removing dust on the precipitation plate Divided into dry and wet type ^[2]

Ordinary purifiers use filter paper to filter the dust in the air, and it is easy to block the filter holes. The dust accumulates more and more, which not only has no sterilization effect, but also easily causes secondary pollution. The electrostatic dust removal technology has the following advantages:

(1) High dust removal efficiency;

(2) Can purify a large amount of gas;

(3) Wide range of particle sizes that can be removed;

(4) It can purify dusty smoke with higher temperature;

(5) Simple structure, low air velocity and small pressure loss;

(6) Energy consumption is lower than other types of dust collectors;

(7) The electric precipitator can be controlled by a computer and operated at a long distance.

Advantages of electrostatic precipitator

High purification efficiency, can capture fine particles of 0.01 micron or more. In the design, different operating parameters can be used to meet the required purification efficiency.

The resistance loss is small, generally below 20 mm of water column. Compared with the cyclone dust collector, even considering the power consumption of the power supply unit and the rapping mechanism, the total power consumption is still relatively small.

(3) The operating temperature is allowed to be high. For example, the SHWB circuit dust collector is best to allow an operating temperature of 250 ° C, and other types can reach 350 ~ 400 ° C or higher.

Large amount of processing gas.

It can fully realize automatic control of operation.

Disadvantages of electrostatic precipitator :

The equipment is relatively complicated and requires high level of equipment transportation, installation and maintenance management.

There are certain requirements for the specific resistance of dust, so there is a certain selectivity to dust, which cannot make all dusts obtain high purification efficiency.

(3) It is greatly affected by operating conditions such as gas temperature and temperature. The same kind of dust, such as operating at different temperatures and humidity, has different results. Some dusts work well at one temperature and humidity, while others An electrostatic precipitator can hardly be used due to changes in dust resistance at a temperature and humidity.

The electrostatic precipitator air purifier uses a high-voltage DC electric field to make the

Gas molecules are ionized to generate a large number of electrons and ions. They move to the two poles under the action of electric field force. During the movement, they are charged by the dust particles and bacteria in the air stream, and the charged particles are oppositely charged by the electric field force. Under the action of the electric field, the free ions in the air move to the poles. The higher the voltage and the higher the electric field strength, the faster the ions move. Due to the movement of the ions, a current is formed between the poles. At the beginning, there are fewer free ions in the air and less current. After the voltage rises to a certain value, the ions near the discharge electrode obtain a higher energy and speed. When they hit neutral atoms in the air, the neutral atoms will be decomposed into positive and negative ions. This phenomenon is called air ionization. After the air is ionized, the number of ions moving between the poles greatly increases due to the chain reaction. The current between the poles (called the corona current) increases sharply. The air becomes a conductor. Through the cell wall composed of protein, it can kill bacteria and remove dust. '