What Is Cemented Carbide?
Cemented carbide is an alloy material made of hard compounds of refractory metals and bonded metals through powder metallurgy.
- Cemented carbide has high hardness, strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is known as "industrial teeth". It is used to manufacture cutting tools, cutting tools, cobalt tools and wear-resistant parts. It is widely used in military industry, aerospace , Machinery processing, metallurgy, oil drilling, mining tools, electronic communications, construction and other fields, with the development of downstream industries, the demand for cemented carbide market continues to increase. And in the future, the manufacture of high-tech weapons and equipment, the advancement of cutting-edge science and technology, and the rapid development of nuclear energy will vigorously increase the demand for cemented carbide products with high technological content and high quality and stability.
- In 1923, Schleitler in Germany added 10% to 20% of cobalt to tungsten carbide powder as a binder, and invented a new alloy of tungsten carbide and cobalt. The hardness is second only to diamond. This is the world's artificial system. The first cemented carbide. When cutting steel with a tool made of this alloy, the blade will wear quickly and even the edge will crack. In 1929, Schwarzkov of the United States added a certain amount of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide multiple carbides to the original composition, which improved the performance of tool cutting steel. This is another achievement in the history of cemented carbide development.
- Cemented carbide can also be used to make rock drilling tools, mining tools, drilling tools, measuring tools, wear-resistant parts, metal abrasive tools, cylinder linings, precision bearings, nozzles, metal molds (such as wire drawing molds, bolt molds, nut molds, and Various fastener molds, the excellent performance of cemented carbide gradually replaced the previous steel mold).
- Over the past two decades, coated cemented carbides have also come out. In 1969, Sweden successfully developed a titanium carbide-coated tool. The base of the tool is tungsten-titanium-cobalt cemented carbide or tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide. The thickness of the titanium carbide coating on the surface is only a few microns, but compared with alloy tools of the same brand, The service life is extended by 3 times, and the cutting speed is increased by 25% to 50%. The fourth generation of coated tools has appeared in the 1970s and can be used to cut difficult-to-machine materials.
- How is cemented carbide sintered?
- Carbide is a kind of carbide and binder metal of this or more refractory metals.
- Cemented carbide is a refractory metal with high hardness
- Tungsten-Cobalt Cemented Carbide
- The production of cemented carbide is to
- Approximate comparison of cemented carbide grades in various countries
- (Some commonly used grades, the grades included in this form are up to 1993, and the grades have not been included after 1993)
- Note: Those marked * are coated cemented carbide; those marked + are TiC-based or Ti (C, N) -based cemented carbide.
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- There are six main factors that affect the relative magnetic saturation value of cemented carbide alloys:
1. The total carbon of WC in the cemented carbide exceeds the standard.
- 2. The oxygen content of the mixture (including briquettes) exceeds the standard.
- 3. The carbon content in hydrogen dewaxing and calcination changes.
- 4. Carbon change in vacuum dewaxing and calcination.
- 5. Carbon content change in hydrogen sintering process.
- 6. Carbon change in vacuum sintering process of cemented carbide.
- According to the data provided by the Cemented Carbide Branch of the China Tungsten Industry Association, in 2011 there were more than 300 cemented carbide manufacturing enterprises, more than 30 professional scientific research institutes, and more than 25,000 employees in the industry. As of 2011, it has 100,000 t / a tungsten concentrate production capacity, 180,000 t / a tungsten acid and tungsten salt production capacity, 62,000 t / a tungsten carbide production capacity, and 38,000 t / a cemented carbide production capacity. , And supporting supply capacity of Co, Ni, Ta, Nb, Ti.
- In 2011, China's cemented carbide output was 23,500 tons, the sales income of the cemented carbide industry was 20.9 billion yuan, the export of cemented carbide was nearly 5,000 tons, and the foreign exchange earnings from exports exceeded US $ 360 million. 1/3 of the yield. The variety of hard alloy products produced is basically complete, with more than 40,000 specifications. The output and variety can basically meet the needs of China's various economic sectors.
- The main problems existing in China's cemented carbide industry are as follows: First, the scale of enterprises is small, and the industry concentration is not high. According to incomplete statistics, the average annual production capacity of 199 cemented carbide companies is 176 tons, the average annual output is only 86 tons, and there are only 4 companies with an annual output of more than 1,000 tons. Second, there is less investment in science and technology, lack of high-end technical personnel, and weak technology research and development capabilities. China's cemented carbide industry invests less than 3% of sales revenue in science and technology, the level of scientific and technological research and development is not high, and the original core technical results are relatively small. Third, the product quality level is low, and the product structure needs to be adjusted. China's cemented carbide production accounts for more than 40% of the world's total output, but cemented carbide sales revenue is less than 20% of the world's total. High-value-added products such as large exotic products, precision hard alloy CNC tools, etc. have less output, insufficient deep processing facilities, and incomplete varieties.
- With the rapid expansion of the Chinese automotive industry, the demand for cutting tools for automotive parts processing continues to increase, and the demand for cemented carbide in China's steel, transportation, and construction sectors is also growing. In the strategic picture of foreign cemented carbide multinational companies, the Chinese market has quietly changed from a supporting role to a leading role.
- The analysis pointed out that by the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's cemented carbide production reached 30,000 tons, sales revenue reached 30 billion yuan, and the output of deep-processed products accounted for more than 40% of the total cemented carbide. Compared with the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", exports will double, and strive to exceed 1 billion US dollars. Cemented carbide will develop in the direction of deep processing and supporting tools; in the direction of ultra-fine, ultra-thick and coated composite structures; in the direction of circular economy, energy conservation and environmental protection; in the direction of precision and miniaturization.
- Through continuous learning and strategic planning, Chinese cutting tool companies have already occupied half of the market. However, during the development process, the company still highlights several fatal problems, such as insufficient attention and improper handling, which will seriously affect the company. development of.
- At this stage, carbide tools have dominated tool types in developed countries, with a proportion of up to 70%. However, high-speed steel tools are shrinking at a rate of 1% to 2% per year, and the proportion has fallen below 30%.
- At the same time, carbide cutting tools have become the main tools required by processing enterprises in China, and are widely used in heavy industry fields such as automobile and parts production, mold manufacturing, aerospace, etc. In the production of high-speed steel knives and some low-grade standard knives, the market saturation and the needs of enterprises were not considered at all, and the high-end and high-tech cutting-edge market with high added value and high-tech content was finally "given" to foreign companies.
- According to data, the annual sales of cutting tools in China is about 14.5 billion yuan, of which the proportion of carbide cutting tools is less than 25%, but the carbide cutting tools required by the domestic manufacturing industry have occupied more than 50% of the cutting tools. Blind production has seriously failed to meet the growing demand for carbide tools in the domestic manufacturing industry, thus forming a vacuum state in the high-end market, and eventually being occupied by foreign companies.
- In 2007, of the 16,500 tons of cemented carbide produced in China, 4,500 tons were used for the production of cutting tools, which is equivalent to Japan. However, the value of the tool after making it is only 800 million US dollars, which is far less than Japan's 2.5 billion US dollars, which fully shows that the overall production level of high-efficiency carbide tools in China still has a considerable gap with foreign countries. Therefore, under the premise that domestic enterprises cannot meet market demand, the demand for manufacturing has to rely on a large number of imports to solve. Data show that the annual growth rate of sales of major foreign companies in China's mid-to-high-end tool market has reached 30%, which has exceeded the average annual growth rate of domestic tools.
- Related to cemented carbide
- GB / T 14445-1993 cemented carbide products for coal mining tools
- GB / T 2077-1987 Fillet radius of cemented carbide indexable inserts
- GB / T 2079-1987 Non-porous cemented carbide indexable inserts
- GB / T 2081-1987 cemented carbide indexable milling inserts
- GB / T 1481-1998 Determination of compressibility of metal powder (excluding hard alloy powder) in uniaxial pressing
- GB / T 5166-1998 Determination of elastic modulus of sintered metal materials and hard alloys
- GB / T 9096-2002 Impact test method for sintered metal materials (excluding hard alloys)
- GB / T 9097.1-2002 Determination of apparent hardness of sintered metal materials (excluding hard alloys) Part 1: Materials with substantially uniform cross-section hardness
- GB / T 5319-2002 Determination of transverse fracture strength of sintered metal materials (excluding hard alloys)
- GB / T 6480-2002 Carbide bit for rock drilling
- GB / T 17985.1-2000 Carbide turning tools Part 1: Codes and signs
- GB / T 17985.2-2000 Carbide turning tools Part 2: Turning tools on the outer surface
- GB / T 17985.3-2000 Carbide turning tools Part 3: Internal surface turning tools
- GB / T 18376.2-2001 Carbide grades Part 2: Carbide grades for geological and mining tools
- GB / T 18376.3-2001 Carbide grades Part 3: Carbide grades for wear-resistant parts
- GB / T 3488-1983 metallographic determination of microstructure of cemented carbide
- GB / T 3489-1983 Metallographic determination of porosity and non-composite carbon of cemented carbide
- GB / T 9217.2-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 2: Cylindrical Rotary Files (Type A)
- GB / T 9217.3-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 3: Cylindrical Ball-Head Rotary Files (Type C)
- GB / T 9217.4-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 4: Spherical Rotary Files (Type D)
- GB / T 9217.5-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 5: Oval Rotary Files (Type E)
- GB / T 9217.6-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 6: Arc-shaped Round Rotary Files (Type F)
- GB / T 9217.7-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 7: Curved Tip Rotary Files (G Type)
- GB / T 9217.8-2005 Carbide Rotary File Part 8: Torch Rotary File (H Type)
- GB / T 9217.9-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 9: 60 ° and 90 ° Conical Rotary Files (J and K Type)
- GB / T 9217.10-2005 Carbide Rotary Files Part 10: Conical Round Rotary Files (L Type)
- GB / T 9217.11-2005 Cemented carbide rotating files Part 11: Tapered pointed rotating files (M type)
- GB / T 9217.12-2005 Carbide Rotary Files-Part 12: Inverted Tapered Rotary Files (Type N)
- GB / T 9217.1-2005 cemented carbide rotary files-Part 1: General technical conditions
- GB / T 3848-1983 Method for determination of coercive (magnetic) force of cemented carbide
- GB / T 3849-1983 Carbide Rockwell hardness (A scale) test method
- GB / T 3850-1983 Method for determination of density of dense sintered metal materials and hard alloys
- GB / T 3851-1983 Determination of transverse fracture strength of cemented carbide
- GB / T 20255.5-2006 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide. Determination of chromium content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GB / T 20255.2-2006 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide. Determination of cobalt, iron, manganese and nickel content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GB / T 20255.3-2006 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide. Determination of molybdenum, titanium and vanadium content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GB / T 20255.4-2006 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide. Determination of cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, titanium and vanadium content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GB / T 20255.1-2006 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide. Determination of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- GB / T 5163-2006 Determination of the density, oil content and porosity of sintered metal materials sintered metal materials (excluding hard alloys)
- GB / T 5242-2006 Inspection rules and test methods for cemented carbide products
- GB / T 5243-2006 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage of cemented carbide products
- GB / T 9062-2006 Carbide staggered three-sided milling cutter
- GB / T 10947-2006 Carbide taper shank twist drill
- GB / T 10948-2006 Carbide T-slot milling cutter
- GB / T 5124.3-1985 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide Potentiometric titration method for the determination of cobalt
- GB / T 5124.4-1985 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide Determination of titanium content by peroxide spectrophotometry
- GB / T 5159-1985 Metal powder (excluding powder for cemented carbide) Determination of dimensional change associated with molding and sintering
- GB / T 5167-1985 Determination of resistivity of sintered metal materials and hard alloys
- GB / T 2078-2007 Cemented carbide indexable insert size with rounded corners and fixed holes
- GB / T 2080-2007 Cemented carbide indexable insert size with rounded countersink fixing
- GB / T 21182-2007 cemented carbide scrap
- GB / T 5318-1985 Sintered metal materials (excluding hard alloy) Unnotched impact test specimen
- GB / T 5124.1-2008 Methods for chemical analysis of cemented carbide. Determination of total carbon content. Gravimetric method
- GB / T 5124.2-2008 Methods for chemical analysis of hardmetals-Determination of insoluble (free) carbon content-Gravimetric method
- GB / T 16770.2-2008 solid carbide end mills with solid shank-Part 2: Technical conditions
- GB / T 2527-2008 Hard alloy teeth for mining and oil field drill bits
- GB / T 16456.2-2008 Hard alloy spiral tooth end mills Part 2: 7:24 Types and dimensions of end mills with tapered shank
- GB / T 16456.4-2008 Hard alloy spiral tooth end mills-Part 4: Technical conditions
- GB / T 16456.9-2010 carbide cutting tools:
- There are more than 50 countries in the world producing cemented carbides with a total output of 27000 28000t-. The main producers are the United States, Russia, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and France. The world s cemented carbide market is basically saturated. The market competition is fierce. China's cemented carbide industry began to form in the late 1950s. China's cemented carbide industry has developed rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s. In the early 1990s, China's total cemented carbide production capacity reached 6000t, and the total cemented carbide output reached 5000t, only Ranked third in the world in Russia and the United States.