What is Petroleum Jelly?
Vaseline is a semi-liquid mixture of alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons, also called petrolatum. It is obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum. Its state is between solid and liquid at room temperature, and there are three colors of brown, yellow and white due to different uses [1] . Natural petroleum jelly is derived from petroleum residual oil concentrates such as paraffinic heavy oil; artificial petroleum jelly is derived from a mixture of mineral oil thickened with pure ceresin, paraffin, and paraffin grease. Vaseline has a smell of mineral oil, but no kerosene. Can be used as raw materials for medicines and cosmetics, and also for machine lubrication [2] .
- Vaseline is more effective
- It can moisturize and repair the skin, relieve dry skin and various skin problems caused by dryness.
- Causes more dry skin
- Dry air, prolonged relaxing showers, and the dry environment of the cabin when boarding an aircraft are the causes of dry skin.
- Multi-purpose, repair the whole family's skin More
- Apply to knife wounds, abrasions, burns, etc. to effectively repair the wound.
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- Vaseline official website Vaseline brand story
- Chinese name
- Vaseline
- Foreign name
- vaseline
- Alias
- Petrolatum,
- Petroleum jelly
- Structural formula
- C (n) H (2n + 2) [3]
- CAS registration number
- 8009-03-8
- EINECS number
- 232-373-2
- Mainly used
- Lubricants, cosmetics and pharmaceutical ingredients
- statement
- This entry may refer to the content of a drug, and any advice on the use of drugs on the Internet is not a substitute for a doctor's order.
- Vaseline is a semi-liquid mixture of alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons, also called petrolatum. It is obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum. Its state is between solid and liquid at room temperature, and there are three colors of brown, yellow and white due to different uses [1] . Natural petroleum jelly is derived from petroleum residual oil concentrates such as paraffinic heavy oil; artificial petroleum jelly is derived from a mixture of mineral oil thickened with pure ceresin, paraffin and paraffin grease. Vaseline has a smell of mineral oil, but no kerosene. Can be used as raw materials for medicines and cosmetics, and also for machine lubrication [2] .
- Vaseline brand story
Vaseline is a registered trademark of Unilever Group. The Vaseline brand was created in 1870 and has a brand history of more than 150 years. Its products are body milk based on petroleum jelly (petrolatum). The product can be used to improve various skin problems and can be used by the whole family all year round. Not all body milk is called Vaseline!
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Vaseline compounds
Vaseline Basic Information
- Chinese name: vaseline
- English name: Petroleum Jelly White
- Chinese alias: anticorrosive (lubricating) oil, yellow vaseline, petrolatum, tooth white, solid paraffin, vaseline oil, white vaseline
- English aliases: cosmoline, creamwhite, extraamber, mineralfat, mineraljelly, paraffinjelly, pennsoline soft yellow, Penrecowhite, Vaseline oil (), Petrolatum
- CAS: 8009-03-8
- EINECS: 232-373-2
Physical and Chemical Properties of Vaseline
- Density: 0.84
- Melting point: 70-80 ° C ((ASTM D 127))
- Boiling point; 322 ° C
- Flash point: 198 ° C
- Refractive index: 0
Vaseline uses
- Raw materials for ointments and cosmetics
Vaseline safety information
- Dangerous Goods Sign: T-Toxic
- Risk term: R45-May cause cancer.
- Safety term: S24-Avoid skin contact.
- Safety: Combustible, keep away from open flames, use water spray, foam, dry powder or carbon dioxide to extinguish. Prevent eye contact. In case of accidental eye contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if possible) and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Do not eat or drink or drink during use.
Vaseline production
- Upstream raw material: Lubricant
- Downstream products: capacitor wax, antirust grease, emulsified explosive
Vaseline Pharmacopoeia Standard
- This product is a semi-solid mixture of various hydrocarbons that have been decolorized from petroleum.
Vaseline traits
- This product is white to slightly yellow uniform soft descent; odorless or almost odorless; has a slippery feel when in contact with the skin;
- This product is slightly soluble in ether and almost insoluble in ethanol or water.
- Relative density
- 8800. 880 The relative density of this product (general 0601) at 60 ° C is 0. 815 ~ 0. 880.
- Melting point
- The melting point of this product (General Rule 0612) is 45 ~ 60 ° C.
Vaseline identification
- Take 2.0 g of this product, melt, add 2 ml of water and 0.2 ml of 0.05 mol / L iodine solution, shake, cool, the upper layer should be purple pink or brown.
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the reference product (film method) (General Rule 0402).
Petroleum jelly check
- Penetration
- Take an appropriate amount of this product, melt it at 85 ° C ± 2 ° C, and measure it according to the cone penetration method (General Rule 0983).
- PH
- Take 35.0 g of this product, put it in a 250ml beaker, add 100ml of water, heat to a slight boiling, stir for 5 minutes, leave it to cool, separate the water layer, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator liquid, it should be colorless; add methyl orange The indicator solution is 0.10ml, and it must not be pink.
- colour
- Take 10 g of this product, place it in a beaker, heat it on a water bath to melt it, and transfer it to a colorimetric tube with the same volume of the control solution (take 0.2 ml of copper sulfate solution for colorimetry and heavy chromium for colorimetry Potassium acid solution 7.8 ml, mix well, take the mixed solution 2. 5ml, add water to 25ml) for comparison, must not be deeper.
- Impurity absorbance
- 50 Take this product, add trimethylpentane to make a solution containing 0.50mg per lm l, according to UV-visible spectrophotometry (General Rule 0401), measured at a wavelength of 290nm, the absorbance shall not exceed 0.50.
- Sulfide
- Take 3. 0g of this product, check according to law (general rule 0803), should meet the requirements (0. 000 17%).
- Organic acid
- Take 20.0g of this product, add neutral dilute ethanol (p-phenolphthalein is neutral) 100ml, stir and heat to boiling, add phenolphthalein indicator liquid lm l and sodium hydroxide titration solution (0. Im ol / L) 0 .40 ml, stir vigorously and should show red.
- Heterosexual organic matter and ignition residue
- Take 2.0g of this product, place it in a crucible with a constant weight of 5501C, heat it with direct fire, and it should be free of odor; re-ignite (general rule 0 8 4 1), the remaining residue shall not exceed 1mgCO.05%).
- Fixed oil, fat and rosin
- Take 10 g of this product, add 50 ml of 5 m ol / L sodium hydroxide solution, place in a water bath for 30 minutes, separate the aqueous layer, and acidify with 2.5 m ol / L sulfuric acid solution, no oil or solid matter should be formed.
- Heavy metal
- Take l.O g of this product and inspect it according to law (General Rule 0821, Second Law). The content of heavy metals must not exceed 30 parts per million.
- Arsenic salt
- Take 1.0 g of this product, add 10ml of magnesium nitrate ethanol solution (1-50) and 1.5ml of hydrogen peroxide (30%), burn to carbonize, and let cool, if not completely ash, add some The amount of nitric acid was re-carbonized, and the ashing at 550 ° C was complete. Inspection according to law (General Law 0822, the first law), should meet the requirements (0.0002%).
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Take 1.0 g of this product, place it in a separating funnel, add 50 ml of n-hexane to dissolve, add 10 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, shake, and separate the layers. Remove the lower layer into another separating funnel and add dimethyl 20 ml of sulfone and 20 ml of n-hexane, shake for 1 minute. After layer separation, remove the layer solution, place in a 50 ml volumetric flask, add dimethyl sulfoxide to dilute to the mark, and shake it as a test solution. Take 10 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and 25 ml of n-hexane, shake, separate the layers, and remove the lower layer as a blank solution. Also take an appropriate amount of naphthalene, and use a blank solution to make a solution containing 6Mg per lm l as a control solution. According to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (General Rule 0401), take the test solution to determine the absorbance within the range of 260 ~ 420nm, which is the largest. The value must not exceed the absorbance of the control solution at a wavelength of 278mn.
Vaseline Categories
- Pharmaceutical excipients, ointment bases and lubricants.
Vaseline storage
- Keep it tightly closed and protected from light [4] .
Vaseline named origin
- In the 19th century, oil drillers in a new oil field in Pennsylvania, USA found that Rod Wax on the sucker rods had certain analgesic effects on burns and cuts; in 1859, Robert the pharmacist and chemist · Robert Chesebrough visited from Brooklyn, New York. He heard that he collected some wax scales and brought them back for research. He spent 11 years refining and purifying these petroleum residues into a kind that would not spoil. Petroleum-based ointment. [5] This by-product is also called petroleum jelly , where "petroleum" is petroleum and "jelly" refers to a gelatinous substance. Early in the chemical industry, it was called petrolatum. The commercial petrolatum produced by the two companies were named petrolatum and sherolatum [6] . Robert Chessenburg named it vaseline and applied for a US patent in 1870. The name may be derived from the merger of the German word " wasser" and the Greek word " elaeon ".
Vaseline composition characteristics
- The composition of petrolatum (petrolatum) in
- Petroleum jelly oil fraction
- The substance is composed of most saturated hydrocarbons with more than 25 carbon atoms, and its composition depends on petroleum raw materials and refining processes; highly refined (white petrolatum) is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and lower refining grades (yellow, amber) Or brown vaseline) is used industrially and may contain impurities such as carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Its chemical composition is mainly long-chain alkanes. The main raw material is wax paste extracted from the residual oil left by crude oil under normal pressure and reduced pressure distillation. At the same time, different amounts of high and medium viscosity lubricants need to be blended according to requirements.
Vaseline product standards
- Vaseline (petroleum oil) is divided into three categories according to the scope of use, physical and chemical properties and production requirements. The national standard for ordinary Vaseline has been formulated in China. The four are: Vaseline (GB 1790 86), industrial vaseline (GB 6731-86), ordinary vaseline (GB 6732-86), capacitor vaseline (GB 6733-86) [7] .
- Medical petroleum jelly: It is a uniform ointment with a certain brushability and very short brushing, no odor [8] , which is divided into pharmaceutical white petroleum jelly and pharmaceutical yellow petroleum jelly according to the depth of purification, which are white, light yellow to light yellow, respectively. [7] ; suitable for raw materials of ointments, creams and skin care ointments [7] ; prepared by mixing paraffin grease with mineral oil or mixing perfume oil with molten white paraffin or ceresin, which can be used for medical Ointment, used in the textile industry to make emulsions, can also be used as measuring instruments and surgical instruments anti-corrosive grease [8] . It can be used as an ointment when highly refined to reach pharmaceutical grade, and petrolatum used in medicine may be equipped with other substances [6] .
- Industrial petroleum jelly: It is a solid hydrocarbon-based grease used to protect metal products; it can also be used as a friction reducing grease under conditions where the temperature is not higher than 45 ° C and the load is not large [8] . Suitable for anti-corrosion and anti-friction lubrication of metal articles, metal parts and machinery [7] . Vaseline (petrolatum) is used in lubricating and rubber and resin formulations. When used for lubrication, it should only be filtered and refined without acid treatment, and it should not be mixed with paraffin. Its melting point should be between 46-54 ° C; O-grade petrolatum used as a rubber softener is a light yellow odorless semi-solid with a specific gravity of 0.84 and a melting point of 46-48 ° C [6] .
- Ordinary petroleum jelly: It is divided into ordinary white petroleum jelly and ordinary yellow petroleum jelly; it is suitable for lubricating rubber products, softeners, glass fiber drawing molding emulsion, etc. [7] ;
- Yellow petroleum jelly is a yellow homogeneous ointment, which is prepared by mixing perfume oil with paraffin and ceresin (yellow); it can be used in veterinary medicine and can also be used as a substitute for medical petrolatum [8] .
- Capacitor Vaseline: It is white to light yellow uniform grease [8] ; suitable for impregnating capacitor insulation materials and pouring capacitors [9] .
- Vaseline is aliased as yellow petroleum grease, usually using the intermediate product of the microcrystalline wax production process (that is, the wax paste obtained from the dewaxing of the residual lubricating oil) as the raw material. According to the consistency requirements, different amounts of high and medium viscosity lubricating oil are mixed and passed. A series of products were made after different refining depths [7] .
- The production of petroleum jelly mainly uses the production process of sulfuric acid-white clay refining and aluminum trichloride method. It has been widely used in China since the 1960s. It is characterized by less investment, easy operation and mature technology, but there is high consumption of raw and auxiliary materials. , Large waste of energy resources, low yield, serious pollution, acid residue can not be comprehensively used, and other shortcomings; after the 21st century, the production process of hydrorefining petroleum jelly is also used. This process is characterized by high yield and no environmental impact. Pollution [7] .
Vaseline application areas
Vaseline Medical Skin Care
- Vaseline is mainly a chemically inert hydrocarbon and has no bactericidal ability; but it is not hydrophilic and will not be absorbed. It can form a film on the surface when applied to the skin, making it difficult to evaporate and lose moisture, and keep the skin moist. State, blocking bacteria and skin contact from the air, thereby reducing the possibility of infection. (The following are medical petroleum jelly or other products marked for human use)
- When the weather is dry, it can be applied on the face, hands, feet or body skin to moisturize.
- Apply to the lining of the nasal cavity to avoid bleeding due to too dry, or people with nosebleeds can be applied to the inner wall of the nostril to prevent further bleeding.
- It can be used as a lip balm to apply on the lips, and its oily ingredients can keep the lips hydrated.
- Apply to the skin around your nose when you have a cold to avoid blowing your nose too much and turning it red.
- can avoid eczema caused by wet diapers prolonged contact with the skin.
- Even patients with oral ulcers can first dry the affected area with a paper towel and then apply a layer of vaseline. This can prevent the ulcer from contacting the acidic substances in the mouth and accelerate the healing of the ulcer.
- People who have trouble with rich hands are said to be able to improve after coating their hands with vaseline and wearing thin cotton gloves overnight before going to bed.
- Vaseline is stable in nature, not susceptible to deterioration, and non-irritating. It is not easy to cause human sensitivity. Because of its light taste, it is suitable for people who are allergic to spices or alcohol additives.
- Moisturize the skin tissue at the wound site and reduce air contact, maintain a high state of self-repair ability, and make it difficult to leave scars.
- And petroleum jelly is suitable for cosmetics raw materials, used to make hair cream, hair oil, hair wax, lipstick, facial oil, skin care fat and so on.
- Add some lipstick you like in the microwave and heat it up. After softening and mixing, put it in a small cosmetic case to make your own lip balm.
- Apply on the eyebrows to make the eyebrows smoother and darker.
- Vaseline's chemical inertness makes it non-irritating to any type of skin,
- Applying to small wounds or minor burns can have hemostatic and pain relief effects,
- Apply on infants' buttocks to prevent diaper rash, or lubricate the baby's anal thermometer to reduce discomfort.
- Major disadvantages
- Vaseline is only suitable for extremely dry skin or very dry winter. It is too greasy for oily skin or other conditions, which may block pores and cause acne and acne.
- Precautions
- Vaseline should not be used in the following situations:
- First, it is best not to use it immediately after a burn, otherwise the heat will not escape and it will affect the healing of the wound.
- Second, do not use when the nose is blocked, because vaseline will affect the ability of nose hair to clean dirty air.
- Third, it is best not to use condoms. Because petroleum jelly is fat-soluble, it can react with rubber and cause condoms to break.
Vaseline industrial use
- Vaseline can be used as an antirust and waterproofing agent in addition to being used as a wetting and pouring capacitor. When making a waterproof film, a layer of waterproof film will be formed after repeated application 2-3 times after drying.
- Electricians apply Vaseline between the cable and the junction box to provide lubrication.
- It is also used for the lubrication of light machinery and precision instruments, and for the machinery, cosmetics, food industry and textile industry.
- Vaseline can also be used in many furniture, machinery, etc. to prevent rust, lubricate, repair cracks, etc.
- Coated between the gaps between two frosted glassware in direct contact to prevent the glass from biting each other and getting stuck. The most common is to apply a thin layer of vaseline to the glass stopcock in the burette to increase the lubricity during torsion and seal the gap. When inserting the glass tube into the hole of the rubber stopper, applying some petroleum jelly can also increase the lubricity and make the tube easier to insert.
- In addition to the above, a thin coating on the camera lens may produce a soft focus-like hazy effect [3] .