What is Process Printing?

Printing is a technology that transfers inks to the surface of materials such as paper, fabric, leather, etc. through the processes of plate making, ink application, and pressurization to make the originals of characters, pictures, photos, and other processes to batch copy the originals. Printing comes in many forms, the most common being traditional offset, screen, and digital printing.

Printing process and technology

1> Copy of text

2> Dot imaging

3> Oil and water are not miscible

Printing is divided into three stages:

Prepress refers to the pre-printing work, generally refers to photography, design, production, typesetting, output proofing, etc .;

In printing refers to the work in the middle of printing, the process of printing the finished product through the printing machine;

Post- press refers to the post-printing work, generally refers to the post-processing of printed materials including lamination (lamination), UV, oil, beer, bronzing, bumping, mounting, binding, cutting, etc., which are mostly used for publicity and packaging Kind of print.

Printing is a copying technology of the original graphic information. Its biggest feature is that it can reproduce the graphic information on the original in a large amount and economically on a variety of substrates. It can be said that the finished product can also be Wide spread and permanent preservation, which cannot be compared with other reproduction technologies such as film, television, and photography.

Relief printing

Relief printing is the process of pressing printed materials to enable them to be similar to the original. Generally, the objects are oil paintings. Because the oil painting has the thickness of the pigment on the original painting, and the ordinary printed product can only represent its flat surface, if it can make the printed matter be the same as the original convex and concave, the concave is concave, is nt it more realistic? There are two kinds of premium products and mass products. The premium products are printed and refined on very good quality paper and are limited in quantity. Popular products are printed on ordinary paper and are popular products for the masses, so they are produced in large quantities. After the printing is completed, attach a film on the printed matter, and then press the pre-made platen (that is, the embossed version obtained from the original painting through photo-making) on the printed matter to produce the same beauty as the original painting. replica. This kind of embossed prints are most copied from famous paintings. Others are still used in art collections or landscape postcards.

Bronzing silver foil method

Gold fonts or patterns often seen on the cover of books, wooden boards, plastic surfaces, etc., are expressed by heating the desired bronzing pattern or text into a relief plate, and then placing aluminum foil of the desired color on the printed matter After pressing, the aluminum foil of the paper will fall on the printed matter. This effect is very good. At the same time, the aluminum foil is tightly attached to the printed matter and will never fade.

Magnetic printing

Most of the magnetic printing is used for checking of securities, so as not to suffer counterfeiting. Magnetic printing is called MICR, also known as Magneticlnk. Abbreviation for CharacterRecognition. Its main printing purpose is to print such numbers or symbols from numbers and symbols such as 0-9, mixed with magnet powder under the cheque. Because the electrical wave difference generated by the text is different, it constitutes discrimination in classification processing. Magnetic printing is widely used in checks. For example, in the United States, there are as many as 20 billion checks in circulation each year. There are two types of work methods: manual and mechanical.

The magnetic printing paper itself is mixed with iron powder and has magnetic properties. During printing, the electric wave difference of the ink attached to each number and symbol is different. Therefore, when printing, it attracts magnetically with the paper to form its different electric wave difference to achieve its purpose. Magnetic printing will not only be used on checks in the future, but even other securities can be used.

Embossing

The pressure method is used to make the paper embossed. Of course, this is the feeling caused by the elastic function of the paper. Concave and convex models are necessary. The general method is to place the convex type on the stage to fix it, and then heat it slightly. When the concave type is pressed from top to bottom, the paper will produce a concave and convex shape. In many cases, when the outer edge of the trademark or pattern must be embossed into a concave and convex shape, precision registration lines must be formed on the four sides, otherwise the shape and printed part cannot completely match.

Floating printing (embossed powder printing)

Making the printed matter on the plane into a three-dimensional convex shape is a method of floating printing processing, which has commercial value, because it can express nobleness and generosity. In particular, the gift wrapping paper, labels, and boxes can show the value of their products. The method is very simple, that is, after the ordinary printed matter is printed, the resin powder (such as rosin powder currently used in Hong Kong) is sprinkled on the wet ink, and the powder is melted in the ink, and then heated to make the printing Some bulges came. The powders used in surface printing are bright, matte, gold, silver, fluorescent, etc. Printing methods include letterpress and lithographic printing. Generally, such printing machines use semi-manufactured production, but have been developed into fully automated machines, that is, the consistent operation method is used from printing to heating, which has led to a rapid increase in production volume. The most widely used modern is nothing more than three-dimensional Wallpapers, other such as wrapping paper, stickers, packaging boxes, business cards, envelopes, letter paper, New Year's cards are widely used.

Embossing

In our living area, printed materials often have round or rounded corners or other irregularities. This is the effect of pressure cutting after printing. This type of cutting method is first assembled into a wooden model and then surrounded by a thin steel blade around its edge, and then pressed tightly after cutting.

Engraving gravure printing (convex printing)

Engraving gravure is a relatively old printing technique. In the past, it was mainly fine prints such as banknotes, securities, stamps, and so on.

Platemaking and printing

There is a big difference between the printing of engraved gravure and offset printing. First, the manuscript is placed about ten times, the outer line is manually scribed on a zinc sheet, and the outer line is retracted by a thinning machine. Engraved on a piece of copper about eight inches. And this copper sheet is coated with some anti-corrosion film, because the copper sheet is only the outer line of the word, so you must manually scrape the thick film on the ground, and then use the potion to deepen the print. With a magnifying glass and a sculpting knife, patiently repair the line edges, sharp corners, etc., and then plate a layer of chrome, and the printing plate is complete.

In printing, this of course requires a special gravure printing machine. Its method is to pass the printing plate through the ink tank, and then scrape off the excess ink on the plate through a flat steel sheet, and then pass a piece of grease paper to wipe the excess ink. At this time, the recessed print is full of ink, put it on the paper, and the pressure ink is transferred to the paper. Because the ink is thick, it will have a protruding feeling after drying. If it is a convex effect, increase the pressure, without adding ink, it can cause a fine embossing effect.

Paper: There are many types of paper, generally divided into coated paper and uncoated paper. Coated paper generally refers to coated paper (bright copper) and matte paper (matte copper), mostly used for color printing; non-coated paper generally refers to offset paper, newsprint, mostly used for printing on letter paper, envelopes and newspapers.

Color: General printed materials are embossed in yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, as well as printing spot colors.

Post-processing: Post-processing includes many processes, such as over-gluing (laminating), over-UV, over-oil, bronzing, bumping, etc., which helps improve the quality of printed matter.

1. Exposed White / Leaked White: The printing paper is mostly white. When printing or making a plate, the connected colors are not close to each other, exposing the background of the white paper.

2. Whitening: Photo-making process in the era of hanging nets. In order to remedy the lack of light sensitivity of the dark images on the Internet, you can remove the original flash once or place a piece of paper to make dot exposure, or directly use the flash lamp to flash white light to increase the original's deep network and soften the image.

3. Fatty: Of course, "gluttony" will of course be "fat", film silver grain feels more, light will also expand the site. The manual process is more exposed and fattened in the photosensitive film and the transparent thick film.

4. Trapping (Colortrapping): intentionally make the color transfer position expand fat during separation and plate making, reducing the impact of overprinting inaccuracy.

5. Field: refers to the area of color blocks without dots, usually refers to full version.

6. Anti-whitening: The text or lines are printed with shades, and the paper is exposed.

7. Hit the net: The AM color separation process, the dot angle assignment is wrong, or the distance of each net angle is less than 25 °, the moire begins to become obvious.

8. Flying nets: The process of lens-making screen-hanging. After the normal exposure, remove the hanging nets, supplement the short exposure to increase the contrast.

9. Dog Teeth: Dog's "teeth" are staggered. There are not enough pixels in the picture, and "dog teeth" appear on the edges after zooming.

10. Rose point: reticulate pattern like a flower deer. The bad is called Xiwen, the worse is turtle.

11. Head-to-Head: Layout ordering instructions, with the prefix as the baseline Extending to imposition and binding refers to the head position.

12. Masking film: It is a masking film for manual color separation. It can be filmed or cut with red film. It can be used for retreat or color correction.

13. Reflexive: Refers to a printing method that saves printing plates. The paper is printed on one side first, and the paper is reversed on the left and right and the bottom surface after drying. It is the process that the printing plate is unchanged and the back of the paper is printed.

14. Needle position: the gauge side of the printed sheet. The paper is long and short. Need to align the printing color and cut.

15. Number of Stones: The title of the number of prints in the lithographic era. Paper embossing is called one stone at a time.

16. Second-hand: Does not mean "used". Refers to the deputy of a printing press, or a switch.

17. Drafting: Pre-print a prototype for official printing by a proofing machine.

18. Bleeding: The ground color or picture of the page required by the printing and binding process must cross the cutting line 3mm, which is called bleeding.

19. Flashing: "flying", the meaning of cutting and removing. Flashing refers to the removal of bleeding edges and is a binding term.

Printing Process and Technology Book Introduction

Title: Printing Process and Technology

Author: Wang Xiao Meng, Yu Yang

Publisher: Beijing Institute of Technology Press

Publication time: 2009-6-1

ISBN: 9787564023027

Folio: 16

Price: 37.00 yuan

Introduction to printing process and process content

Printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. With the development of printing technology, the accuracy of printing is getting higher and higher, the quality is getting better, and the speed is getting faster and faster. Printing has become an important tool for disseminating information, and it has a significant advantage in mass, rapid and accurate reproduction of graphics and text. .

Entering the 21st century, the traditional printing process has undergone tremendous changes, and new concepts such as digital processes, digital printing, computer direct typesetting, and digital proofing have emerged. Traditional printing processes have gradually transformed into new ones, featuring standardization, process flow, and rapidity. Modern printing process. Under modern market conditions, printing services penetrate into all levels of society, people's demand for printed matter is increasing, and the requirements for printing technology and technology are becoming more and more refined. In this situation, we must learn and master the printing process and technology with a scientific attitude to meet the requirements of modern printing.

Printing process and technology is one of the core courses of printing and packaging major, and has been an important course for various colleges and universities in China for many years. This book is based on the teaching characteristics of this course and combined with the current education and teaching requirements. It aims to improve students' theoretical quality and practical operation ability, standardize printing operations and popularize printing-related knowledge.

This book starts with the basic knowledge of printing, follows the law of gradual progress, and gradually transitions to the processing of printing technology. The book consists of three parts: the first part is the first chapter, which introduces the development history, definition and characteristics of printing, the classification of printing, and the relationship between printing engineering and related disciplines. The second part is divided into two, three, and four chapters according to different stages in the printing process. The second chapter is the pre-press process, the third chapter is the process in the printing process, and the fourth chapter is the post-printing process. The third part is the fifth chapter, which tells the relevant knowledge of printing quality control. Each chapter can be used as an independent and complete teaching content for easy reading and understanding.

Printing process and process book catalog

Chapter 1 Printing Overview

Section 1 A Brief History of Printing

Definition and characteristics of printing

Section 3 Classification of Printing

Section 4 Printing Engineering and Related Disciplines

Section 5 Elements of Printing

Section VI Printing Process

Chapter II Prepress Process

Digital processing of the first section of the original

Section 2 Prepress Text Information Processing

Section 3 Prepress Graphic Processing

Section 4 Group Edition Process

Section 5 Proofing

Section 6 Raster Image Processor

Section VII Output

Section 8 Prepress Processing Technology

Chapter III Printing Process

The first section of the printing press

Section 2 Printing Materials

Section III Basic Issues in Printing

Section 4 Main Printing Processes

Chapter IV Finishing Process

Section 1 Classification and Development of Postpress Processing Technology

Section 2 Main Methods of Post-press Processing Technology

Chapter V Printing Quality Control

Section I Overview of Print Quality

Section 2 Main Parameters Affecting Printing Quality

Section III Control Methods for Printing Quality

Section 4 Measurement of Density and Color

Section 5 Printing Standards and Applications ^[1]