What Is Pultrusion?

The composite material pultrusion process is a method of producing a composite material profile by traction of a continuous fiber or its fabric with resin under the traction of a traction device, and curing the resin by heating the molding die.

Pultrusion

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The composite material pultrusion process is a method of producing a composite material profile by traction of a continuous fiber or its fabric with resin under the traction of a traction device, and curing the resin by heating the molding die.
Chinese name
Pultrusion
English name
pultrusion process
definition
Under the action of the traction equipment, the continuous fiber or its fabric impregnated with resin is heated by a molding die to cure the resin to produce a composite material profile.
Applied discipline
Materials science and technology (first-level discipline), composite materials (second-level discipline), reinforcements (third-level discipline)
The above content was published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Examination Committee.
Chinese name
Fiber composite pultrusion technology
Industry
Composite material process
German name
Pultrusionsverfahren
The first patent for composite pultrusion technology was completed in 1951, and the first engineering application was achieved in 1960. Composite material profiles produced using this technology are widely used in various industries, such as bridge supports, aircraft structural beams, sports industries, etc. After more than 60 years of development, hybrid pultrusion technology combined with weaving or winding technology has been developed, and product performance has been further improved.
The process flow of pultrusion technology can be briefly divided into three steps: infiltration, molding, curing / cooling. Compared with other composite production technologies, its main advantages are as follows:
High raw material utilization rate
Compared with traditional lay-up technology, pultrusion technology does not need to cut on sheet fiber material or prepreg, and directly uses raw silk and prepreg tape for production. The length depends on the length of the initial drawn fiber and the length of the curing mold), and no other waste is generated during the production process.
2. Can produce complex structural profiles
At present, the technology suitable for profile production in the engineering field also includes winding technology and weaving technology. Due to the limitation of the working principle, the above two technologies can only produce single-cavity simple cross-section profiles, and it is relatively difficult to arrange longitudinal reinforcing fibers. However, pultrusion technology is currently unable to effectively produce variable section profiles.
3. High production efficiency:
Pultrusion technology is an automated or semi-automated assembly line production. It has two functions of "molding" and "curing" to achieve continuous production. The current pultrusion speed can reach 10 meters per minute, which is unmatched by other "molding-curing" fiber composite material production technologies.
4. Good quality
Through automated equipment, process parameters such as profile traction, longitudinal pretension, winding / knitting pretension, mold temperature distribution, resin injection pressure, and pultrusion speed can be accurately controlled during the production process, thereby ensuring uniformity of overall quality And controllability. In addition, the profile is covered by an external mold during curing, and the overall dimension tolerance of the profile after curing is small and the surface quality is high.
5. High flexibility
By using different fiber materials and substrates (such as ultra-high modulus unidirectional fibers or multi-axial fibers, thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins), pultrusion technology can produce products with different suitability according to different needs.
6. Strong expansion / replication
By using the same molds, process parameters, and raw materials, the production line can be quickly expanded or copied in other regions while ensuring the same quality. Large-scale, high-quality profiles can be produced without the need for an experienced paver or high-cost autoclave equipment. [1]
In summary, compared to other fiber composite material molding methods, pultrusion technology is an excellent and economical profile production method, which is very suitable for mass production of high-quality fiber composite material profiles.

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