What Is Seismic Safety?
The agency has been a powerful force in disaster preparedness, resilience, and post-disaster reconstruction in the United States for more than 20 years, and played an important role during the largest disasters in American history. From hurricanes and earthquakes to nuclear power plant explosions and toxic pollution, FEMA is helping people in all kinds of difficult situations. [1]
Earthquake Safety Handbook
- Author: United States Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
- Resource Format: PDF
- Version: text version
- ISBN: N / A
- Release time: 2008
- Region: Mainland
- Language: Simplified Chinese
Seismic Safety Manual Overview
- A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province
- According to the British fire and search and rescue team, the survivors who were rescued after being trapped for a long time in the earthquake are not miracles. In many collapsed buildings, the voids of the honeycomb structure are retained to allow people to survive. There are many examples of this: many survivors of the Mexico City earthquake, including babies in collapsed hospitals, were rescued after being trapped for a week; many survivors of the 1998 Armenian earthquake were rescued after being trapped for nine days; the 1992 Philippine earthquake A survivor with a fractured ankle and severe dehydration was rescued after 13 days of trapping. and many more. Therefore, after the earthquake, the rescue commander must not easily abandon or delay search and rescue until all hopes have disappeared before the "selective building debris removal" has been completed, and before "selective building debris removal" has been completed.
- One more day might save one more life.
- This handbook is the second translation of earthquake disaster-related materials from the US Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) after the Earthquake Search and Rescue Manual. Volunteer translators from the translator community work together to complete the Chinese translation. It is hoped that this "Seismic Safety Manual" will also be helpful to earthquake search and rescue personnel and affected people.
Important telephone numbers and contact addresses for the earthquake safety manual
- You and your family may be separated during an earthquake, so please write down important information in the space below so that you can communicate with each other after the separation. Remember, in the 24 hours after the earthquake, please do not call if it is not an emergency.
- Fire Phone: 119 Emergency Phone: 120 Alarm Phone: 110
- ________ Work Address: _________________________ Phone / Mobile: ________________________
- ________ Work Address: _________________________ Phone / Mobile: _______________________
- School address of ________: _________________________ Phone / Mobile: ________________________
- Measures taken by the school: Keep students in the school Evacuate the name and phone / mobile phone number of a relative or friend in a foreign country (as a contact point after the family has been separated): _____________________ Where to store emergency supplies: _____________________
Earthquake Safety Handbook Are you ready for the next earthquake?
- This booklet is designed to help you and your family learn to plan ahead so you can escape during a major earthquake. Preparing in advance can reduce the impact of earthquakes. Make some appropriate emergency reserves and tell your family what to do during and after the disaster. When a disaster occurs, you will most likely not get any help within 72 hours. So learn at least 72 hours.
- Ground movement during an earthquake generally does not directly cause casualties. Most of the casualties were caused by the collapse of buildings and the fall of objects and building debris. For example, collapsed chimneys, falling bricks, mud on the ceiling, and lamps. And most cases are easy to avoid.
- There were no warning signs before the earthquake, so it is important to prepare now. In this way, you will know what to do in the event of a disaster, how to respond, and how to protect yourself in a meaningful way.
Earthquake safety manual prepares emergency supplies at hand for emergencies
- Water
- Each person needs to reserve at least 1 gallon (3.8 liters) of water per day, and it can be used for 72 hours at a time according to this standard. In general, an active normal person consumes 1/2 gallon (1.9 liters) of water a day. To ensure a sufficient amount, the following factors should be considered:
- 1) Individual needs vary by age, physical fitness, activity level, diet, climate, etc.
- 2) Children, lactating women, and patients need more water.
- 3) High-temperature weather will double the water demand.
- 4) Medical emergencies will require more water. I suggest you buy some bottled water. Do not open the original packaging of the bottled water, and do not open it until you must use it. In addition, pay attention to the expiration date or the latest drinking date.
- If you are going to use your own container for water, you should buy an airtight, food-only water container from a military or camping specialty store. Before filling with water, wash the container with special dishwashing detergent and water, and rinse with water to avoid detergent residue. The water in the container must be changed every 6 months. In addition to water, some purification tablets are needed, such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to check the label on the bottle before using these tablets. (Translator: please inform a professional or medical staff about the use of the above medicine!)
- 2. Food
- Prepare non-perishable foods for immediate consumption. It can be added to the daily diet and replenished regularly. Prepare canned or dehydrated food, milk powder, and canned juice for 72 hours. Dried oatmeal, fruits and unsalted dried fruits are good sources of nutrition. Please note the following:
- 1) Don't choose foods that make you thirsty easily. Choose unsalted biscuits, whole grain cereals, and canned foods rich in fluids.
- 2) Only stock foods that do not require refrigeration, cooking or special handling. There are many similar foods to choose from.
- 3) Don't forget to include foods for infants and those with special dietary needs. You should also prepare some kitchen utensils and cookers, especially manual can openers.
- 3. Emergency lights and backup batteries
- Keep an emergency light near your bed, work place, and car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake, unless you are sure there is no gas leak.
- 4. Portable battery- powered radio or TV and spare battery
- Most phones will not be available or can only be used for emergency purposes, so the radio will be your best source of information. If possible, you should also prepare battery-powered transceivers and radios.
- 5. First aid kit and first aid manual
- Prepare a first aid kit at home and in the car. At the same time, prepare a Standard First Aid and Personal Safety Manual produced by the American Red Cross. Let your family learn some basic first aid and artificial breathing courses.
- 6. Fire extinguisher
- Have fire extinguishers in your home and car. Some fire extinguishers are only suitable for specific fire sources-fires caused by electricity, fires caused by grease, or fires caused by gas. ABC (Multipurpose Dry Powder) fire extinguishers can be safely used in any kind of fire source. Your local fire department can teach you how to use a fire extinguisher properly.
- 6. Special Supplies
- Prepare the necessary special items, such as medicines, spare glasses, contact lens care solution, hearing aid batteries, baby items (baby food, diapers, feeding bottles and pacifiers), sanitary items (wipes and toilet paper), and everything the family needs.
- 8. Important documents and cash
- Make sure enough cash is available when ATMs, banks and credit card systems are down. At the same time, keep copies of credit certificates, ID cards and important documents such as insurance policies and financial records.
- 9. Tools
- Pipe wrench and adjustable wrench
- You need a lighter, a box of matches in a waterproof box, and a whistle to call rescuers.
- 10 clothes
- If your area is cold, you must consider keeping warm. After the earthquake you can
- Can't keep warm. Think about your clothes and sleeping supplies. Make sure everyone has a complete set of clothes and shoes to change. This includes: jackets or coats, trousers, long sleeves, sturdy shoes, hats, gloves and scarves, sleeping bags or warm blankets (one per person).
- 11. Pet Supplies
- Find a safe place for your pet, prepare some essentials, make sure your pet has accurate identification and the latest veterinary registration, and have a pet cage and a leash.
- Home disaster preparedness work In the event of an earthquake, you may be asked to shut down your home's hydropower facilities to reduce disaster risk. Usually teach family members who can take responsibility how to close gas valves, electric gates and water valves. If you need more information about hydropower equipment, please consult your local power, water and gas supply department. (Translator: The picture below may differ from domestic and local hydropower facilities. Here is for reference only.)
- Be sure to:
- (1) Cut the fuse or trip;
- (2) Close the gas valve;
- (3) Close the tap water valve.
- Shut down hydropower facilities in your home
- Close the gas valve
- Close the tap water valve
Earthquake Safety Handbook
- You can search for hidden dangers in an earthquake by doing an "earthquake hazard investigation" at home. All you need to do is inspect your room, imagine what will happen in the room during an earthquake, use your common sense to make predictions, and find hidden dangers. Some possible hidden problems:
- Tall and heavy furniture that may collapse during the earthquake, such as bookshelves, porcelain cabinets, or custom-made cabinets. Should try to fix on the wall
- Water heater that may be detached from the pipe and cracked.
- Items that may move and tear gas pipes or electric wires.
- Heavy potted plants hanging at high places may fall off the hook.
- Heavy picture frames or mirrors hung above the bed may fall in an earthquake.
- When the cabinet or other cabinet shakes violently, the latch of the cabinet may loosen and open.
- Fragile or heavy objects placed on open storage racks at high places may fall and break.
- The stone chimney may crush the unsupported roof and collapse.
- Flammable liquids, such as paints and cleaners, should be stored in the garage or outdoor storage room (not indoors).
- Please try to eliminate these hidden dangers one by one, properly place all kinds of heavy objects, and reset the inappropriate ones.
Earthquake Safety Handbook Home Earthquake Exercises
- When you find that your house is starting to shake, it's important to know where to avoid the first time. If you prepare and exercise before the earthquake, you and your family will be able to react in a timely and correct way the first time you feel the quake. Earthquake drills will let your whole family know how to respond to an earthquake.
- Every family member should know where the safe place is in each room.
- Safe place: The best safe point is under solid furniture, such as under a desk or other hard table; under a supported arcade, it is also safer to close to the internal load-bearing wall.
- Danger zone: Keep away from windows, hanging objects, mirrors, fireplaces, and high unfixed furniture.
- Consolidating this knowledge by experiencing how to settle in a safe place is especially important for children.
- In the days or weeks after the above exercises, perform emergency drills to consolidate knowledge.
- Be physically and mentally prepared for the disaster situation after the earthquake.
Earthquake Safety Handbook How to survive an earthquake safely
- When the earthquake continues, limit your range of activities to a few safe places around you; leave the room after shaking stops and confirming safety.
- If you were indoors during the earthquake
- Squat down, find cover, and hold fastuse the space under a writing desk, table, or bench, or keep your body close to the internal load-bearing wall as a cover, and then grasp the fixed object with both hands. If there is no writing desk or table nearby, cover your head and face with your arms and crouch in the corner of the room.
- Keep away from glass products, building exterior walls, doors and windows, and other objects that may fall, such as lamps and furniture.
- If you were in bed at the time of the earthquake, stay there and don't move. Grasp the pillow to protect your head. If you have a heavy light fixture that may fall above you, move to the nearest safe area.
- Do not leave the room until the shaking stops and the outdoor safety is confirmed. Most of the casualties in the earthquake were caused by falling objects as people entered and exited the building.
- Be aware that there may be a power outage, fire alarms and automatic sprinklers may be activated.
- Never use an elevator to escape.
- If you were outside during the earthquake
- Stay where you are.
- Away from the building area, big trees, street lights and wires and cables.
- If you were in a moving car during an earthquake
- Under the condition of ensuring safety, stop by the side as soon as possible and stay in the car.
- Do not park your car under a building, beside a big tree, under an overpass, or under wires and cables.
- Do not try to cross a damaged bridge.
- After the earthquake stops, proceed carefully and pay attention to the damage of roads and bridges.
- If you are trapped under the rubble
- Do not light firewood.
- Do not move around and avoid raising dust.
- Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or cloth.
- Knock pipes or walls so that rescuers can find you. If possible, use a whistle. Choose shouting when other methods don't work-shouting can cause people to inhale a lot of harmful dust.
Earthquake safety manual
- Check the injury
- If someone stops breathing, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If there is a bleeding trauma, immediately press the wound directly to stop bleeding. Do not move the seriously injured unless there is an imminent danger of an extended injury. Wrap the wounded with a blanket to maintain body temperature.
- 2. Carry a battery-powered radio with you
- To get the latest rescue news and news reports. People living near the sea should be alert to possible tsunami. A tsunami is a wave caused by an earthquake. If the local government issues a tsunami warning, be aware that dangerous waves are approaching. At this time, we must withdraw to the inland highlands as soon as possible. Do not use the phone unless it is seriously injured. For more detailed first aid procedures, consult the relevant first aid guide. Always wear shoes when there are falling debris and glass slag nearby. Check for hidden dangers to extinguish fire extinguishers as much as possible. If the fire is no longer extinguished, leave your home quickly, notify the fire brigade whenever possible, and remind your neighbors.
- Check the house with a battery-powered flashlight. Turn on the flashlight before entering the house, because if the house gas leaks, turning on the flashlight may cause sparks.
- Inspect gas pipes, electrical wires, and water pipes, and inspect electrical appliances for damage. If you smell gas or see a pipe break, close the main valve of the gas pipe entering the house from the outside. Do not close the switch until the power supply bureau has come to your home for a security check. Remember: After the gas gate is closed, it must be reopened by a professional. Don't light a match to look for gas leaks.
- Note: If you suspect a gas pipe leak, do not toggle the power switch or use electrical appliances, as the sparks generated will ignite the leaked gas.
- If the electrical wiring at home is damaged, cut off the power. If the situation is not safe, leave the house and seek help.
- Never touch a dropped wire or damaged appliance.
- Inspect buildings for cracks and damage, especially around chimneys and brick walls. If the building shows signs of collapse, evacuate quickly. Do not use a fireplace unless you are sure that the chimney is not damaged or cracked.
- Remove spilled medicines , bleach, gasoline and other flammable and explosive liquids.
- Check the water and sewer pipes before using the toilet to ensure they are intact. Plug the drains of the bathtub and sink to prevent backflow of sewage.
- Check water and food supplies. If the water supply is cut off, use water from a water heater or melted edible ice water for emergency treatment. Throw away any food that may spoil or become contaminated.
- Check closets and cupboards. Be careful when opening the door. Beware of items that may fall on the rack.
- In an emergency, if cooking is required, charcoal and gas grills can only be used outdoors.
- Do not drive unless the situation is critical. Don't cross the affected area to see the liveliness, this will only hinder rescue operations. In order for rescue vehicles to pass unimpeded, keep the streets clear.
- Beware of aftershocks. Although these aftershocks are generally weaker than the main shock, they are also sufficient to cause further damage and make the building more vulnerable. Unless requested by the police, fire brigade or rescue organization
- Provide assistance, otherwise stay away from the damaged area.
- If you have to evacuate
- Leave a clearly written message explaining where to find you. Get your disaster emergency kit. List re-reunion locations to avoid being separated from your family during the evacuation process.
- These places may be homes of neighbors, friends, or relatives, or they may be schools or community centers. Write down these reunion locations in the space below:
- 1.
- 2.
- This manual has been translated by the following translators (in no particular order) through Wiki platform, and we use the power of the group to fight disaster.
- yimin Ra Fishinus Xingze Iron Snail Steve CAI Steve CAI
- May the deceased rest in peace and the survivor live.