What is the sludge accumulation?
sludge is a problem that may occur in the wastewater treatment method known as the process of activated sludge. This treatment involves introducing air and microorganisms - such as aerobic bacteria and protozoa - for waste and industrial organic waste to support growth and multiplication. Microorganisms are collected around the suspended organic material on which they feed on, causing it to settle outside the suspension and leave relatively clean waste water to continue further treatment. Voting of sludge is a problem that occurs due to excessive growth of some types of bacteria and prevents the process of settling, causing water clouding and leading to the release of waste waters that do not meet environmental standards. Usually wastewater containing large amounts of small, suspended particleorganic materials enter the tank where suitable microorganisms are introduced, along with sufficient air to promote growth and multiply the right bacteria and protozoa, which UM UMIt brings clomoculation. Microorganisms tend to adhere to organic material and each other and create a relatively large particles known as FLOC. The water is constantly or periodically pulled into a cleaner where Flocs settles on the bottom. Some of the established material, still rich in the microorganisms needed for flocculation, is then re -introduced into the flocculating tank to allow the process to continue.
The three main types of sludge accumulation can affect the settling process. The grabs caused by fibrous bacteria is the most common form. These bacteria usually help the flocculatory process because the fibers that produce help to capture suspended particles and generate larger, multi -sophisticated, Flocs. However, excessive amounts of fibrous bacteria lead to disguise, as the fibers can spread from small particles of FLOK and maintain them separate from each other and prevent the formation of larger particles that can easily settle. In the activated sludgeIt is assumed that there are about 25 different types of fibrous bacteria, all of which can cause problems.
polysaccharide takeover, also known as "mucosal accumulation", happens when activated sludge bacteria produce too many polysaccharides. This may happen when the mixture has a low nutrient or oxygen content, or when the food ratio is to microorganism (f/m). Polysaccharides - complex sugars that include starch - are produced outside bacterial cells and allow flocculation by helping bacteria to stick together. However, if there is too much, it can prevent the material from settling.
zoogleal disguise is caused by an excess of the zoogloea Ramiger , Floc-formation of microorganism with dendritic or tree pattern of growth. This may happen when the ratio F/m is too high or under low oxygen conditions. Bacteria is one of the main contributors to FLOC formation under normal conditions, but excessive part of this kind can prevent this process and leadto a similar type of takeover caused by fibrous bacteria.
To treat or prevent sludge accumulation, a number of methods are used. Waste water samples can be examined microscopically at regular intervals to monitor the abundance of microorganisms that can cause problems. Where a potential problem is identified, it is possible to accept the action in advance - for example, careful setting of the speed of the activated sludge to the flocculating tank. If volume is already in progress, it can be treated by adding coagulants or certain polymers to the water to support flocculation and settlement. Another approach is chlorination at a level that inhibits bacterial fibers outside Flocs, but that does not penetrate Flocs and leave beneficial internal microorganisms unharmed.