How Effective Is Metoclopramide for Nausea?

White crystalline powder; odorless, bitter. It is soluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in ethanol or propanol, very slightly soluble in ether, almost insoluble in water, and soluble in acidic solution. Melting point is 147 ~ 151 .

Drug Name: Metoclopramide
Foreign name: Metoclopramide

Whether prescription drugs: prescription
Dosage form: Tablet
Whether to include health insurance: Incorporate

Metoclopramide Pharmacology

This product can act on the chemosensory zone of effervescent cerebral vomiting by blocking dopamine receptors, and has a strong central antiemetic effect. This product can also strengthen the movement of the stomach and upper intestine, promote small intestine peristalsis and emptying, relax the pyloric sinus and duodenal crown, thereby improving food passing rate. These effects can also enhance the antiemetic effect of this product. The inhibitory effect on other parts of the central nervous system is slight, so it rarely causes hypnosis. This product can stimulate the secretion of prolactin, so it has a certain prolactin effect. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and has a clear first pass effect. It is mainly excreted from the urine as free, bound or metabolites, and can also be excreted from milk.

Metoclopramide application

1. Can be used for vomiting caused by lung tumor surgery, tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, sequelae of traumatic brain injury, acute craniocerebral injury and drugs.

2. It is also effective for flatulent indigestion, loss of appetite, belching, nausea and vomiting.

3. Can be used for vomiting and motion sickness caused by sea and air operations.

4. Can increase esophageal sphincter pressure, thereby reducing the incidence of aspiration pneumonia caused by gastrointestinal reflux during general anesthesia; can reduce nausea and vomiting during barium meal examination, and promote the passage of barium; before duodenal intubation Taken to help smooth intubation.

5. It has a certain effect on diabetic gastroparesis and gastric ptosis; it can also be used for pyloric obstruction and duodenal ulcer that is ineffective for conventional treatment.

6. It can reduce the nausea caused by migraine, and may promote the absorption of ergotamine by improving the gastric pass rate.

7. The prolactin effect of this product can be tried on women with severe milk deficiency.

8. Can be used for adjuvant treatment of biliary diseases and chronic meningitis.

Metoclopramide Usage

Oral: 5-10 mg once a day, 10-30 mg a day. Take it half an hour before meals.

Intramuscular injection: 10-20 mg once. The daily dose should generally not exceed 0.5 mg / Kg, otherwise it may easily cause extrapyramidal reactions.

Metoclopramide

1. The main side effect is sedation, which may include burnout, drowsiness, dizziness, etc. Others include constipation, diarrhea, rash and galactorrhea, and male breast development, but they are rare.

2. Large doses or long-term application of this product may cause extrapyramidal reactions (especially young people) due to blocking of dopa gum receptors, which may cause relatively high cholinergic receptors. Mainly manifested as Parkinson's syndrome, muscle tremor, head tilted back, torticollis, paroxysmal gaze up, dysphonia, ataxia, etc. can occur. Can be treated with anticholinergics such as diphenoxylate.

3. Injection administration may cause hypotension in the upright position.

4. The effect of this product on the fetus is yet to be studied. Disable pregnant women.

5. Prohibited in patients with pheochromocytoma, epilepsy, breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy, and also in cases where increased gastrointestinal activity can lead to dangerous cases, such as mechanical intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. When it turns yellow or yellow-brown when exposed to light, the toxicity increases.

Metoclopramide Drug Interactions

1. Phenothiazine drugs can enhance the extrapyramidal side effects of this product and should not be combined.

2. Anticholinergic drugs (atropine, amphetamine, belladonna, etc.) can reduce the effect of this product to enhance gastrointestinal motor function, and should be paid attention to when the two drugs are combined.

3. It can reduce the oral bioavailability of cimetidine. If the two drugs must be used in combination, the time between taking the drugs should be at least 1 hour.

4. It can increase the absorption rate of acetaminophen, ampicillin, levodopa, tetracycline, etc. The absorption of digoxin is reduced due to the combination of this product.