What Are the Best Antibiotics for a Kidney Infection?

Antibacterial drugs generally refer to drugs with bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity, including chemically synthesized drugs such as various antibiotics, sulfonamides, imidazoles, nitroimidazoles, and quinolones. Certain products obtained by culturing microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, or the same or similar substances manufactured by chemical semi-synthetic methods, can also be fully chemically synthesized.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibacterial drugs generally refer to drugs with bactericidal or antibacterial activity, including various antibiotics,
Antibacterial agents generally refer to drugs with bactericidal or antibacterial activity, including various antibiotics,
Antibacterial activity of common antibiotics:
penicillin:
Reproductive fungicides: penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, Taineng, fluoroquinolones.
Bactericide at rest:
On March 25, 2014, Professor Davids, Chief Medical Adviser of the British Government, said that doctors do not treat patients and sick animals well, and often use bactericidal antibiotics to kill viruses, which will lead to super germs, and there may be no medicine available at that time. medical. [1]
The invention and application of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterials is one of the greatest achievements in the field of medicine in the 20th century. The application of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs by humans has effectively cured various types of serious bacterial infectious diseases, and has effectively reduced the mortality of various serious bacterial infectious diseases, thus setting off a climax in the development and widespread application of antibacterial drugs. [2]
To prevent the abuse of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterials, we must start with the rational use of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterials. Doctors play a key role in the rational use of medicines. Strictly grasp the clinical indications of various antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs, select effective antibacterial drugs according to the infection site and the nature of the infection, actively create conditions, obtain the pathogenic diagnostic information of pathogens as soon as possible, and formulate based on the types of pathogens and drug sensitivity test results Or revising the treatment plan is a key step in rational drug use. Do not use antibiotics and other antibacterial drugs to treat viral infectious diseases such as colds; strictly prevent prophylactic use of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs. Preventive medication without clear indications will not only not achieve the expected results, but also cause a variety of serious adverse reactions caused by antibacterial drugs, such as secondary infections and impaired renal function. [2]
One. Reasonable use of antibiotics
Use appropriate antibiotics under clear indications, and use appropriate dosages and treatments to kill pathogens and control infections. At the same time, take various corresponding measures to enhance the patient's immunity and prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions, especially Avoid bacterial resistance.
two. Aspects of Improper Use of Antibiotics:
Use drugs that are ineffective against pathogenic bacteria or infections and have weak curative effects; insufficient or excessive amounts; continue to use drugs after pathogenic bacteria develop resistance; stop drug prematurely or control infection for several days without timely withdrawal; produce a double infection of drug-resistant bacteria Did not switch to other effective drugs at the time; incorrect route of administration; continued medication when severe or allergic reactions occurred; improper combined use of antibiotics; relied on the antibacterial effect of antibiotics and neglected necessary surgical treatment; no indication or indication Strong preventive medication; ignore efficacy / price ratio.
three. Problems involved in rational drug use:
Indications for the use of antibiotics and combined drugs; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics; empirical drugs for anti-infection; dosages, treatment courses and administration methods of antibiotics; adverse reactions and prevention of antibiotics; changes and prevention of bacterial resistance ; Application of antibiotics in special cases and so on.
four. Basic principles of antibiotic application:
1. Establish the etiology of infectious diseases early.
2. Familiar with the indications, antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions of the selected drugs.
3 Reasonable medication according to the patient's physiology, pathology, and immune status.
4 Reasonable use of commonly used antibiotics.
5. Choose the appropriate dosing regimen, dosage and course of treatment.
6. The application of antibiotics should be strictly controlled or avoided as far as possible: preventive medication, topical medications for skin and mucous membranes; those with unknown reasons for viral infection or fever; and combined use of antibacterial drugs.
7. Stress the importance of comprehensive treatment measures;
Fives. Empirical application of antibiotics:
When the pathogen is unknown, early application of antibiotics for empirical anti-infective treatment is very important; use broad-spectrum antibiotics and try to choose bactericides; in severe infections, combined medications are often used. Common bactericides include -lactams,
On March 31, 2014, Changchun City will launch a special rectification of prescription drug management. Retail pharmacies will sell antibacterial drugs and hormonal drugs without prescription. In addition to downgrading and administrative penalties, the scope of antibiotics will be severely reduced. [3]
classification
First-line antimicrobials
Second-line antibacterial drugs
Third-line antibacterials
Penicillins
Penicillin, penicillin V potassium, oxacillin, clozacillin, ampicillin, penicillin, furobicillin, amoxicillin, meloxicillin, nafcillin, aloxicillin
Piperacillin
Meropenem
Cephalosporins
Cefalexin, Cefatiam, Cefadroxil, Cefoxitin, Cefazolin, Cefradidin, Cefaclor, Cefoxixin, Cefepiramine, Cefalexin
Cefprozil, Ceftriaxone, Cefoxime, Cefminox, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir, Laxefepam, Cefotezole, Cefmetazole, Cefotaxime, Cefoperazone, Cefmenid Cefodizime
Cefpirome, Cefepime, Cefazolin
Other -lactamase inhibitors
Amoxicillin clavulanate potassium, amoxicillin sulbactam, meloxicillin sulbactam
Cefoperazone sulbactam, paraceline sulbactam, cefoperazone tazobactam
Imipenem cilastatin
Panipenem betamethone
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Streptomycin
Netilmicin, tobramycin, etimicin, spectinomycin, isopamicin, kanamycin, paromomycin
Amides
Chloramphenicol, Methanesulfomycin
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin, norvancomycin, teicoplanin
Macrolides
Erythromycin, Erythromycin succinate, Guitarycin, Acetamicin, Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline, doxycycline
Minocycline
Tigecycline
Sulfa
Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin
Fleroxacin, Enoxacin, Lomefloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Spafloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Pazufloxacin
Furans
Furantoin, Furazolidone
Antifungal
Nystatin, clotrimazole, bibenzazole, terbinafine, ketoconazole, flucytosine
Fluconazole, miconazole
Itraconazole, amphotericin B
Nimidazoles
Metronidazole, benzoyl metronidazole, tinidazole
Ornidazole

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