What Are the Different Types of Endoscopic Procedures?

Endoscope is a testing instrument that integrates traditional optics, ergonomics, precision machinery, modern electronics, mathematics, and software. One has an image sensor, optical lens, light source lighting, mechanical devices, etc. It can enter the stomach through the mouth or other natural holes. Endoscopes are useful for doctors because they can see lesions that X-rays cannot show. For example, an endoscope doctor can observe ulcers or tumors in the stomach and formulate the best treatment plan.

Chinese name: Endoscope
Foreign name: endoscopy, endoscopic, autoscope

Types of: Optical and video endoscope
Originator: Bozzini, Germany
Origin time: Over 100 years ago

Introduction to Endoscope

An endoscope is a tube equipped with light. The endoscope can enter the human body through the natural orifice of the human body or through a small incision made by surgery.

The original endoscope was made of a rigid tube and was invented more than 100 years ago. Although they have gradually improved, they have not been widely used. Later, in the 1950s, endoscopes were made of flexible tubes, so they could easily bend around the corners of the human body. In 1965, Harold Hopkins installed a cylindrical lens on the endoscope to make the field of vision clearer. Today's endoscopes usually have two fiberglass tubes, and light enters the body through one of them. The doctor Observe through another tube or through a camera. Some endoscopes even have micro integrated circuit sensors to feed back the observed information to the computer.

Endoscope inspection tube

Wireless handheld endoscope (2 photos)

Picture: An early endoscope manufactured in 1870. It replaced the rubber hose with a rigid tube.

Some operations can be done with an endoscope and a laser. The endoscope's optical fiber can deliver a laser beam, which burns vegetation or tumors and closes bleeding vessels.

EndoscopyEndoscopy

In 1795, German Bozzini entered from the natural cavity, pioneering the origin of endoscopes. In 1835, Antoine Jean Desormeaux, the father of the endoscope, used a kerosene lamp as a light source to observe the condition of the bladder through a mirror refraction. The world's first endoscope was created by the French doctor De Somio in 1853. An endoscope is a commonly used medical device. It consists of a bendable part, a light source and a group of lenses. When used, the endoscope is introduced into a pre-examined organ to directly observe the changes in the relevant part.

The earliest endoscopes were used for rectal examinations. The doctor inserts a hard tube into the patient's anus and uses the light of a candle to observe the rectal lesions. The diagnostic data that can be obtained by this method are limited. The patient is not only painful, but also the danger of perforation is very high because the instrument is very hard. Despite these shortcomings, endoscopy has continued to be applied and developed, and many different applications and different types of devices have been gradually designed.

In 1855, the Spanish Cagesa invented a laryngoscope. German Hyman von Heimoz invented the fundus mirror in 1861.

In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb, especially after the emergence of miniature light bulbs, which led to the great development of endoscopes. Surgical endoscopes arranged temporarily could also reach a very precise level.

In 1878, German urologist M. Niz created a cystoscope, which can be used to examine certain lesions in the bladder.

In 1897, the German brother Kilian envisioned a bronchoscope. More than 20 years later, under the impetus of American Joan Chevalier Jackson, the bronchoscope entered a practical stage. Soon, this bronchoscope was used in routine lung disease examinations. In 1862, the German Smoler created an esophagus. American Kelly created a rectoscope in 1903, but it was not widely used until 1930. In 1913, the Swedish Jacobs reformed pleuroscopy. In 1922, American Hindler created the gastroscopy. In 1928, the German Kalk founded the laparoscopy. In 1936, the American Skarf performed a ventricular microscopy test, and it was not until 1962 that the Germans Gou and Ferstier founded the ventricular microscopy method. Since then, a series of microscopy methods have been formed.

Endoscope 3R-FXS02

The development of endoscopes

With the development of modern science and technology, the endoscope has been completely reformed and optical fibers have been used. In 1963, Japan began to produce fiber endoscopes. In 1964, a biopsy device for fiber endoscopes was successfully developed. This special biopsy forceps for biopsy can have appropriate pathological materials and is less dangerous. In 1965, fiber colonoscopy was made, which expanded the scope of examination for lower gastrointestinal diseases. In 1967, research on magnifying fiber endoscopy was started to observe fine lesions. Fiber optic endoscopes can also be used for in vivo tests, such as measuring body temperature, pressure, displacement, spectral absorption, and other data.

In 1973, laser technology was applied to the treatment of endoscopes, and it has gradually become one of the methods of endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. In 1981, the endoscopic ultrasound technology was successfully developed. This new development combining advanced ultrasound technology with endoscopes has greatly increased the accuracy of diagnosis of lesions.

In 1987, Phillipe Mouret first pioneered television endoscopic surgery.

Endoscopy in the modern sense is gradually formed with the invention of the optical fiber endoscope. In the 1960s, the "glass fiber" developed in the United States received wide attention in various fields. As early as the 1930s, there were optical fibers used to conduct light in fiber-optic endoscopes. However, due to the high loss rate of light during transmission, there has been no progress in optical fiber transmission of optical signals. An optical fiber endoscope is an elongated and soft tube. A light-guiding glass fiber is contained in the tube, and a lens is installed at each end. When checking, insert one end of the tube into the organ to be checked inside the human body, and you can see the inside of the organ from the other end. Endoscopes usually come with a light source, and some are equipped with surgical instruments, such as lasers. Optical fiber was introduced into the light transmission mechanism, and video lenses became the first choice for image capture. The endoscope capable of taking photos at the same time is a "fiber endoscope" born in 1964. Only in the 1960s did endoscopes have the ability to capture and measure images. Around 1975, the era of gastric cameras came to an end, completely replaced by "fiber endoscopy". Chinese fiber optics expert Zhang Zhenyuan undertook the national and local major scientific and technological research project "Research on the series production technology of fiber optic image beams and industrial endoscopes." Beam and endoscope production base.

In 1983, a new type of charge-coupled device (CCD) endoscope was first developed by Welch Eileen Instrument Company of New York, USA. The end of the CCD endoscope inserted into the body is equipped with a small piece of silicon integrated CCD "lens", which is actually a new type of photoelectric image sensor, and its function is similar to that of a television camera. It can convert the image of the part to be checked into a digital electrical signal. The image is transmitted through a metal wire and displayed by an "image monitor" similar to a television receiver. The application of this technology makes it possible for image storage, reproduction, consultation and computer management.

In November 2002, the world's first "high-definition endoscope system" was born, and the concept of endoscopes changed dramatically. It condenses the most advanced imaging technology and provides the accuracy of the image making it possible to diagnose extremely small lesions. The emergence of modern video endoscopes, electronic endoscopes, and ultrasound endoscopes has opened up a new era of modern medical endoscopes. Endoscopes have entered the era of treatment and surgery from the era of inspection and diagnosis.

Endoscope endoscope classification

From the application side, they can be simply divided into two categories, namely industrial endoscopes and medical endoscopes.

The types of industrial endoscopes are divided into imaging endoscopes: optical endoscopes, fiber optic endoscopes, electronic endoscopes, CCD video endoscopes, CMOS video endoscopes, and electric 360 ° endoscopes. Endoscope light source types are divided into high-frequency fluorescent endoscopes, fiber-optic halogen endoscopes, and LED endoscopes.

Classification of medical endoscopes and their development

Electric 360 ° endoscope with wireless video product pictures (3 photos)

And imaging structure classification: can be roughly divided into 3 categories: rigid tube endoscopes, optical fiber (tubular) endoscopes and electronic endoscopes.

There are many different types of medical examination endoscopes, and their classification methods are different. Generally speaking, the following three classification methods are more common. In terms of market sales, the most commonly used categories are divided into rigid mirrors and flexible flexible mirrors in terms of whether they can change direction clinically.

Endoscope by endoscope function

Divided into single-function mirror and multi-function mirror. A single-function mirror refers to an observation mirror with no working channel and only an optical system; a multi-function mirror refers to a mirror that has at least one working channel in the same lens body in addition to the function of an observation mirror. Attraction and many other functions.

Endoscope

Classified according to the location of the endoscope: ENT endoscopes, oral endoscopes, dental endoscopes, neuroscopy, urethral cystoscopy, resection, laparoscopy, arthroscope, sinusoscope, Laryngoscope and so on.

Endoscope can change direction according to the lens body

Clinically, classification is based on whether the endoscope body can change direction: it is divided into two types: hard mirror and flexible soft mirror. RIGID ENDOSCOPE is a prism optical system. The biggest advantage is that the imaging is clear. It can be equipped with multiple working channels and select multiple viewing angles. FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPE is a fiber optic optical system. The biggest feature of this fiber endoscope is that the lens part can be manipulated and changed by the operator to expand the scope of application, but the imaging effect is not as good as the hard lens effect.

Medical endoscope application

Clinical application of endoscope

I. Examination of gastrointestinal diseases

(1) Esophagus: chronic esophagitis, esophageal varices, esophageal hernia, esophageal leiomyoma, esophageal cancer and cardia cancer.

(2) Stomach and duodenum: chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, benign gastric tumor, gastric cancer duodenal ulcer, duodenal tumor.

(3) Small intestine: small intestine tumor, smooth muscle tumor, sarcoma, polyp, lymphoma, inflammation, etc.

(4) Large intestine: non-specific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic colitis, colon polyps, colorectal cancer, etc.

2. Examination of pancreatic and biliary diseases: pancreatic cancer, cholangitis, bile duct cancer, etc.

Laparoscopy: liver disease, biliary disease, etc.

4. Examination of respiratory diseases: lung cancer, bronchoscopy and lung biopsy, selective bronchography, etc.

Five, urinary tract examination: cystitis, bladder combination, bladder tumor, renal tuberculosis, kidney stones, kidney tumors, ureteral congenital malformations, ureteral stones, ureteral tumors and so on.

endoscopy Endoscopy endoscopy

The technique of inspecting and treating intuitively using a speculum that can be put into a human body cavity. Divided into non-invasive and traumatic. The former refers to the direct insertion of an endoscope to check the cavity (such as the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and urinary tract) that is in communication with the outside world; the latter is fed into the endoscope through an incision to check the closed body cavity (such as the thorax, Abdominal cavity, joint cavity, etc.).

LED electronic medical endoscope

The electronic camera uses microelectronic technology to take pictures and develop images. Its appearance is the same as that of the fiber optic endoscope. By connecting the eyepieces of various endoscopes with the connectors of the micro camera, the image can be displayed on the TV screen for observation, and the effect is similar to that of the electronic endoscope. Endoscopes are divided into digestive tract, urogenital tract, respiratory tract, body cavity, and head organ endoscope according to their uses.

Minimally invasive technology of medical endoscope

What is endoscope technology?

Since the endoscopic technology has been widely used in cosmetic surgery, plastic surgeons have become even more powerful. Plastic surgery has reached unprecedented heights. Endoscopic technology involved in cosmetic surgery began in the mid-1990s, and after its many advantages appeared, it became popular in Europe and the United States. In recent years, a few domestic hospitals have also carried out some endoscopic guided surgery. Its rapid development is entirely due to its obvious advantages, that is, the traditional needs of the endoscope and special surgical instruments Large incisions can be performed with a slight wound. Not only reduces the traumatic operation, but also increases the accuracy and safety of the operation, which greatly improves the patient's acceptance of the operation.

Endoscope is an optical instrument, which is composed of a cold light source lens, a fiber optic wire, an image transmission system, and a screen display system. It can expand the surgical field of vision. The outstanding features of using an endoscope are that the surgical incision is small, the incision scar is not obvious, the postoperative reaction is light, the bleeding, bruising and swelling time can be greatly reduced, and the recovery is faster than traditional surgery, which is in line with the requirements of beauty surgery without leaving marks.

Endoscope gastroscope

Fibrous stomach, duodenum and gastroscope are the most widely used endoscopes in clinical practice. Metal rigid tube colonoscopy, also known as sigmoidoscopy, is commonly used for the examination of sigmoid colon and rectal lesions, or for specimens taken for pathology or pathogen examination. Before the examination, the patient needs a clean enema, and the examination is performed at the knee and elbow. The appearance of the fiber colonoscope is the same as that of the fiber gastroscope, and there are three specifications: long, medium and short. Endoscopes used in the respiratory system include bronchoscopes, thoracoscopy, and mediastinoscopy. Metal rigid tube bronchoscope is only used to remove foreign bodies in children's trachea. The widely used fiberoptic bronchoscope is similar in appearance to the fiberscope, but has a short body. Except for those with severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency, most people can do this test. It is a simple and safe method for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial, pulmonary, and pleural diseases. The positive rate of lung cancer diagnosis is high. The positive rate of diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially bronchial tuberculosis, is higher. Can also be used to rescue critically ill patients. Thoracoscopy is used to diagnose chest and lung conditions. Endoscopes are placed in the urinary system (bladder, ureter, renal pelvis) to diagnose and treat urinary system diseases. The hysteroscope is a metal rigid tube type. The subject will take the lithotomy position after emptying the bladder. Anesthesia is not required. Mental stress can be injected with sedative drugs before surgery. Laparoscopes are mostly metal rigid tubes and must be used under sterile conditions to avoid causing abdominal infections. Ophthalmoscope is also called ophthalmoscope. In addition to directly observing the optic nerve, retinal and other lesions, it can also determine the degree of hypertension and arteriosclerosis through the changes in the fundus blood vessels, and the status of cerebral edema according to the optic nerve papillary situation.

Endoscope enteroscopy

Endoscope is an important method to detect and diagnose early colorectal cancer. In the past 30 years, with the popularization of endoscopes and the improvement of their technical level, and the development of various endoscopic instruments, the discovery and diagnosis of early colorectal cancer have become possible.

Magnifying endoscope (also known as enlarged endoscope): It can enlarge the mucosal image more than 100 times, and observe the colon cancer fossa opening changes repeatedly on the right.

Staining endoscopy: Liang Rouge and Meilan are commonly used as wine cloth agents (usually sprayed with 1% cyanine solution). The diagnosis of inflammatory lesions, micropolyps, and carcinogenesis of polyps is made through the distribution of pigments.

Combining magnifying endoscopy and staining endoscopy, it can be observed that the mucosal gland duct openings in early colorectal cancer are grooved and irregular, which is conducive to the detection of early disease.

Endoscopic ultrasound: Endoscopic ultrasound can be used to determine the location, extent, and depth of a tumor. It is generally believed that the accuracy of ultra-endoscopic determination of tumor depth can reach more than 80%, and at the same time, it can also determine whether the lymph nodes and distant organs have metastasized. This helps to improve the detection rate and preoperative diagnosis rate of early colorectal cancer, and is of great significance for improving the prognosis of colorectal cancer.

CT colonoscopy; this is a method of imaging the data obtained from various angles of the colon, that is, two-dimensional and three-dimensional using CT technology.

In recent years, due to the clinical application of staining endoscopy and magnifying endoscopy and the use of EMR or EMPR for total resection of small lesions in early colorectal cancer, it not only significantly improves the detection rate of early colorectal cancer, but also achieves medical treatment. The 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer was significantly improved. However, in China, these new methods have not been widely used in clinical practice. Therefore, improving the level of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment by endoscopic physicians and using new methods to identify small lesions in the large intestine are the key to the early development of colorectal cancer.

Endoscopy endoscopic breast augmentation

It uses a full computer to digitally control the subject's pain, and can accurately adjust the painless time to seconds. Doctors can grasp the time of the patient's wake up during endoscopic breast augmentation surgery, so that the operation can be completed in comfort. After the operation, the patient recovered quickly without hospitalization, the incision was small and extremely concealed, and only a band-aid covering was required after the operation.

The process of endoscopic breast augmentation surgery

This operation uses an endoscope to reflect the situation inside the incision on the screen. Under direct vision, tissue separation and hemostasis can avoid damage to nerves and blood vessels, thereby making breast implants safer and more reliable. In addition, since the endoscopic breast augmentation surgery has stripped a safe cavity in the posterior space of the breast, the implanted prosthetic material remains only in this cavity, and does not penetrate into the breast tissue like the injection method. Endoscopic breast augmentation surgery has fast recovery and good safety. The body's own breast tissue is compatible with the inserted materials, without any rejection, does not affect breastfeeding, and has no side effects. The endoscopic breast augmentation surgery is realistic in shape and feels good. , Rich and long lasting.

Three advantages of endoscopic breast augmentation

Safety: The surgical procedure is performed under the direct view of the endoscope, without bleeding and damage, avoiding various complications such as fibrillary contracture, breast sclerosis, deformation and discoloration, hematoma, paresthesia, infection, and does not affect breastfeeding and fertility.

Natural: All breast augmentation materials are injected into a complete cavity that is peeled from the back of the breast. It will not penetrate and deform, and it will be easy to remove, enlarge or reduce, so that the breasts will naturally be straightened, more rounded and plump.

Minimally invasive: It is performed through an incision with minimal trauma, and the postoperative recovery is fast, and the trauma is extremely difficult to detect.

Endoscope Wrinkle Removal

The application of endoscope in wrinkle removal, that is, endoscope wrinkle removal. Endoscope wrinkle removal is a precise and minimally invasive wrinkle removal technology. A small incision is made in the hairline, an endoscope is introduced, and under the direct view of the endoscope, special tools are used to accurately separate the deep surface and cut or remove the muscles. Then push the skin and scalp up and back, tightening the excess part of the forehead, that is, piled up at the top and pillow. Long-term removal of the aging hallmarks while maintaining normal facial expressions for a youthful, non-marking effect.

Principle of Endoscopic Wrinkle Removal: Endoscope is an auxiliary technical means. It can make doctors only need a small incision to complete things that previously required a large incision. And because of the magnifying effect of the endoscope, the doctor's operation is more accurate, and the dynamic muscles that generate corresponding wrinkles can be processed accurately and completely without damaging other structures, so as to achieve high selective removal of wrinkles without affecting other facial expressions. At the same time, the drooping facial structure can be lifted up to achieve youthfulness.

Preparations before endoscopic wrinkle removal

1. Avoid tobacco and alcohol before surgery.

2. Wash your head once a day for 3 days before the operation; clean your facial skin and hair well, and shave and braid your hair locally on the day you do nt need cosmetics within the two days before the operation to facilitate surgery.

3. The sleeping medication can be taken properly the night before the endoscopic wrinkle removal surgery. Appropriately, sedatives and analgesics should be applied half an hour before the operation. Depending on the type of anesthesia, fasting should be determined.

4. Recipients should be relieved in advance of the size, time, steps, degree of pain, speed of recovery, possible effects, possible risks, and be psychologically prepared.

5. Perform regular physical health checkups to ensure that there are no medical diseases such as heart, lung, liver, and blood.

6. It is forbidden to take drugs that increase the risk of surgery, such as aspirin, vitamin E, heparin, etc. within 1-2 weeks before surgery.

Precautions after endoscopic wrinkle removal

Generally, the endoscope should be bandaged after removal of wrinkles and have drainage strips. Dressing should be changed according to the situation within one to three days. Endoscopic surgery Wrinkle rest in a high position for three days after removal of wrinkles is better. It is better to use a semi-recumbent position. Recirculation of blood in the head and face veins reduces local swelling and pain. Within three days, cold compresses can reduce swelling; hot compresses can promote recovery after three days. Decide whether to take antibiotics and the time according to the postoperative situation of the recipient. The operation is generally 6-7 days to remove the suture. Laughing or making large facial expressions are strictly prohibited within 10 days.

In addition, the skin at the back of the operation will be swollen to varying degrees, even bruising, which can be absorbed and disappear within 10 days, and the recovery of facial edema takes 2-3 weeks or longer. In the early postoperative period, the skin on the face and scalp will become numb and dull. In the future, they may also experience abnormalities such as ants or running water. This feeling change can usually return to normal in about 3 months. Since the skin of the surgical area has reduced sebaceous and sweat glands after surgery, care should be taken to properly protect the skin and keep the skin moisturized after the stitches are removed. There may be a slight asymmetry on the left and right sides of the face after surgery. Within 1-2 months, the skin and soft tissue can be adjusted and restored to normal. The effect after surgery can be seen after the swelling disappears, and the effect is generally best after 3-4 months. Indications for endoscopic wrinkle removal : sagging or wrinkles, deep lines on the frontotemporal skin, horizontal lines on the nose, sagging skin on the upper eyelids, crow's feet and refractory periocular wrinkles, eyebrow wrinkles (Kawaji)

Methods and steps of endoscopic wrinkle removal: Endoscopic wrinkle removal mainly uses endoscope monitoring system and endoscope-specific wrinkle removal device to pull the sagging tissue upward through a small incision in the scalp, and then use titanium nails Wait for the latest materials to fix the sagging tissue on the face.

Prospects of Medical Endoscopy Technology

Medical endoscopes have promoted the continuous development of the medical cause in different periods. With the continuous progress of electronic technology and other science and technology in the future, I believe that its technology will have wider and deeper development. It can not only complete any work done today, but also use a special spectrum CCD to provide new diagnosis and treatment image information. It can also use image processing technology to obtain special images of diseased tissues, and it can use image analysis technology to realize the analysis of lesions. Quantitative analysis and quantitative diagnosis, and remote consultation through telecommunications. Multifunctional electronic endoscopes have come out, which can not only obtain the diagnostic information of morphology of tissues and organs, but also measure various physiological functions of tissues and organs. The development of medical endoscope technology to today has shown its strong vitality, and I believe that it will make more brilliant contributions tomorrow.

Endoscopy industrial flaw detection technology

Non-destructive testing technology for endoscopes

T922 tube video endoscope The above is mainly the application of endoscopes in medical examination. In fact, there are now more advanced g-channel endoscopes in industry. In terms of non-destructive testing and hole exploration technology, the same three-dimensional patented products LED electronic medical endoscope detector and industrial pipeline video endoscope are widely used in auto repair, security, security inspection and other fields.

Divided from imaging forms: hard tube industrial endoscope, hose industrial endoscope, imaging industrial endoscope.

The hard tube industrial endoscope axis is equipped with many achromatic optical lenses (optical system as shown below) to form an image transmission system, which can obtain a higher quality image, which is transmitted to the inspector's eyes without distortion, so the imaging is very fidelity It is also the sharpest of these mirrors.

The revolvable small-diameter tube endoscope can deeply inspect the places that hard tube industrial endoscopes cannot reach. The biggest difference between it and rigid industrial endoscopes is the use of flexible optical fibers to form an image transmission system (the optical system is shown below) Once the light enters the optical fiber, it cannot escape, so the twisting or bending of the endoscope's axis will not affect the image transmission; because the image is composed of the same "points" as the number of optical fibers, that is, the image resolution is determined by the number of optical fibers; The larger the diameter and the smaller the optical fiber, the higher the imaging resolution, and of course, the manufacturing cost also increases accordingly. The number of wrapable industrial endoscope optical fibers can be from 3,500 to as high as 22,000. In order to facilitate observation, there are also two-direction and four-direction control models that can control the rotation of the front-end axis to change different viewing angles.

The image industry endoscope uses a sensor chip smaller than 1/6 "to directly take the image at the end of the endoscope. It is transmitted to the monitor via a signal transmission line. The image can be directly converted to an electrical signal, so the endoscope cannot be viewed directly. The lighting uses LED at the shaft end for direct lighting. The advantage is that the manufacturing cost is relatively low and has nothing to do with the shaft length. It is easy to observe on the screen and can store photos and videos for offline analysis. The disadvantage is that the photosensitive chip is located at the shaft end. The minimum diameter of the endoscope's 1/18 photosensitive chip can only reach about 5.5mm (to ensure water resistance of 10m and integrated high-brightness LED lights). If the reliability requirements are appropriately reduced, it can be 3.8mm. In addition, the environmental resistance is poor, and the permissible temperature resistance and shock resistance are inferior to optical endoscopes, which cannot be applied to various occasions.

Principle of non-destructive testing of endoscopes

Industrial endoscope is a branch of non-destructive testing, it can also be said to be a specialized testing technology.

Due to its special size design, industrial endoscopes allow us to easily and accurately observe the internal surface structure or working state of the object without damaging the surface of the object being inspected.

Nondestructive testing requires the use of industrial endoscopes as a testing tool. It is professionally designed and manufactured to meet the complex industrial use environment. Endoscope inspection is a detection technology that has been widely used in recent years with the development of endoscope manufacturing technology.

Industrial endoscopes can be used for inspection and observation of high temperature, toxic, nuclear radiation and places that cannot be directly observed by the human eye. They are mainly used in automobiles, aircraft engines, pipelines, mechanical parts, etc., and can be used without disassembly or destruction of assembly and equipment. Non-destructive testing is achieved when the operation is stopped. On the other hand, industrial endoscopes can also be connected to cameras, camcorders or electronic computers to form a camera, video and image processing system, so as to monitor, record, store and map the field of view. Like analysis. Provides a good guarantee for diagnosis and treatment.

Application scope of industrial endoscope

Endoscope building

The application time of the endoscope in the construction industry is relatively short, but its use effect is relatively good. Check holes, walls, joints of doors and windows, and water pipes and other places that are not easy to see with the naked eye. Central air conditioning, TV and network cables Installation and inspection of cables, combined with duct endoscopes,

VJ front end 360-rotation industrial endoscope Surface magnification inspection electron microscope, a variant used in endoscopes, suitable for the inspection of electronic circuit chips and skin pores. More uses are still being explored.

Endoscope oil and gas chemical industry

Due to the particularity of the oil and gas chemical industry and the extremely high requirements for safety, large pipes, irregular containers, and slender seamless steel pipes in the industry require professional and special industrial inspection mirrors to carefully meticulous the inner wall of the pipes. Check

VJ endoscope surface inspection

Endoscope mechanical inspection

It is mainly used for the internal inspection of large machinery and equipment, and the observation of the working conditions of some machines under high temperature, toxic or too narrow environments, in order to effectively avoid the adverse effects of direct observation on the observer. The optimization and adjustment of the structure can make a very comprehensive adjustment of the observation angle and observation range, and the operation is simple.

Endoscope security monitoring

The endoscope can be used for security inspection, customs, etc., for detecting packed items such as luggage, parcels, etc., without opening the package and inspecting, not only to ensure the work efficiency of security personnel but also to protect the privacy of the person being inspected. More and more counter-terrorism operations in the armed police

Endoscope auto repair

Industrial endoscopes for automotive inspection are currently relatively new directions for use of endoscopes. They are mainly used in places where the naked eye cannot directly see, such as automobile engines, fuel tanks, and braking systems. With the increase in the number of private cars and the trend of DIY With the rise, small portable electronic video endoscopes with higher image definition will gradually become a part of the home toolbox. For the performance testing of automobiles, the engine is one of the main components to be tested. At present, some manufacturers that come into contact with the engine, such as engine manufacturers, will encounter problems such as whether the internal product of the engine is qualified or the car maintenance plant will internally deposit carbon and damage the car. For such problems, judging by the eyes and the sound of experience is insufficient. Car endoscopes can easily solve this problem.

VJ endoscope car inspection

Endoscope power facilities

Regularly inspect the surface of the cores of the large pillars of gas turbines and generators for flaws and stress decay cracks. Inspect the welding quality of the inner surface of pressure goods such as main steam pipes, deaerators, headers, etc. for serious welding defects. During the overhaul, check whether there are micro cracks in the turbine blades, guard rings and stress concentration parts. The generator set and equipment in the power plant need to run and work for a long time. The internal operation of the generator is regularly checked through an endoscope. The damage inspection is necessary.

Endoscope pipe chemical

It is used to check the welding quality of the inner surface of welding joints such as process pipelines, pressure vessels, reaction kettles, heat exchangers, stress corrosion cracks, and chemical corrosion of inner walls.

Endoscope aerospace

It is used to inspect the turbine engine blades and guard rings for damage more accurately and efficiently than the traditional hand touch inspection.

VJ Endoscope Aircraft Engine Inspection

Endoscope boiler gas turbine

Used to inspect boiler, gas turbine and diesel engine pipelines.

Endoscope Endoscope Maintenance

Hard tube endoscope is by far the most convenient, direct, and effective medical device for medical personnel to observe the diseased tissue inside the human body. It has the advantages of high image clarity, vivid colors, etc., and is easy to operate. With the expansion of the scope of using rigid tube endoscopes, physicians use rigid tube endoscopes more and more frequently. Hard endoscopes are relatively delicate medical devices and can easily cause damage. The following is an introduction on how to use, maintain and maintain the rigid tube endoscope, in order to help medical staff to better use this instrument and prolong the service life of the rigid tube endoscope.

Basic structure of endoscope rigid tube endoscope

To properly use a rigid tube endoscope, you need to understand its structure. At present, the products of various rigid tube endoscope manufacturers in the world have different light paths and different appearances, but their basic structures are consistent: they consist of a working mirror tube part, a structural part, an eye mask part, and an optical cable interface part. The main part of the structure, the eye mask part, and the optical cable interface part are generally not easily damaged except by severe collision. The most vulnerable part is the working mirror tube. Take the 4mm rigid tube endoscope as an example: the working mirror tube is mainly composed of four parts: the outer mirror tube, the endoscope tube, the optical lens, and the optical fiber. The optical lens is placed in the endoscope tube to form an optical system, and the optical fiber is placed between the inner and outer lens tubes for lighting. The outer mirror tube is a 0.1mm thick 4mm stainless steel tube, which will be deformed by being bumped or squeezed. Most optical lenses are glass columns of 2.8mm long and about 25mm long. They will crack, chip, or shift the optical axis when they are slightly bumped and squeezed. Our common endoscopes have blurred vision and dark edges. the reason. The optical fiber is made of very thin optical glass. A 4mm speculum must be installed with more than 1500 pieces. It is broken by external force in the outer mirror tube, which affects the light intensity. The connections of the rigid tube endoscopes are mostly bonded with epoxy glue. The quality of the glue and the packaging technology also affect the service life of the endoscope. Although rigid endoscopes are delicate, they will not be damaged as long as they can be properly used and maintained.

Endoscope hard tube endoscope maintenance

1. Precautions in use Rigid tube endoscopes are not damaged during surgery. Although they may come into contact with and collide with human tissues such as muscles, mucous membranes, bones, etc., these bumps are slight and will not cause speculums. The mirror is damaged because it is only for observation, not the force point of other instruments. However, when using other instruments, especially forceps and shears with large occlusal forces, care should be taken not to extend the front end of the lens tube into the occlusal area of the instrument, so as not to accidentally damage the lens tube. When using such instruments, sometimes the doctor stretches the endoscope very close to the tissue in order to see the tissue in the occlusal area. The endoscope does not return when the instrument bites, which accidentally hurts the endoscope. Such accidents can be avoided if the occlusal openings of the instruments are all within the scope of observation of the endoscope during the operation.

Some surgical endoscopes are used in sheath tubes. When changing other angle endoscopes or inserting or removing instruments, care should be taken to move lightly and not use too much force. Especially in the process of inserting and removing the speculum, when the resistance can not be pulled out, the cause should be carefully searched, if necessary, it should be pulled out together with the sheath, and do not use brute force. When the speculum is operated with optoelectronic technologies such as laser vaporization, high frequency resection, microwave, etc., the distance between the front end of the speculum and the treatment point should be paid attention to ensure that the front end of the speculum is not shocked or burned. When using these instruments for the first time, the surgeon should practice repeatedly, grasp the relationship between the object distance and the actual object distance in the endoscope image, and confirm the closest distance between the front end of the endoscope and the treatment point, so that it can be applied freely in actual surgery. Planers have been widely used to remove diseased tissues in clinical operations of ENT and orthopedics. Its blade is sharp, high in hardness, fast in rotation speed, and large in torque. If the endoscope is cut, the endoscope will undoubtedly be damaged. In this kind of surgery, we should pay attention to adjusting the speed of irrigation and suction to ensure that the endoscope image is clear and not blocked by blood stains. The rotating part of the control blade is always within the scope of the endoscope. When the scope of the operation is large, it should be stopped first. Turn the cutter head, then move the speculum, and then move the cutter head under the surveillance of the speculum, and then start the planing after reaching the appropriate position. When you feel that the planer is working abnormally or the illumination is suddenly lowered, the scope may be damaged and it should be replaced in time to avoid greater losses. Generally important surgery, there should be a set of spare speculum and key instruments, which can be replaced easily when problems are found; if an unsuitable speculum or an unmatched instrument is used for reluctant surgery, it is also easy to cause damage to the speculum.

2. How to maintain the hard tube endoscope The hard tube endoscope should be kept by a special counter and placed in a special packing box lined with soft sponge or polyurethane foam. All speculums and surgical instruments must be neatly stacked and not overlapped. Make sure that the inner speculums and instruments do not collide with each other when they are transported. Because the endoscope's lens tube is very thin, it will be deformed when it is squeezed, bumped, bent, dropped, etc., causing the lens to be damaged or the optical axis shifted, making the image unclear or unusable, so remove it from the box. When putting into a hard tube endoscope, you should hold it flat with both hands, and gently take it out or put it in. Do not lift it for a while. When moving the speculum in a rigid container such as a tray, pay attention to placing it separately from other instruments, and avoid excessive bumps to avoid collision with the speculum. A desiccant should be provided in the packing box to keep the box dry.

Ordinary rigid tube endoscopes are not resistant to high temperature and pressure, mainly because the sealing glue will deteriorate and deform at high temperature, and the endoscope will open the glue and enter the water, so it cannot be sterilized by high temperature and high pressure such as boiling and high pressure steam. Most hard tube endoscopes are damaged due to inattention to maintenance, bumps, and landing. There are also problems with the sealing glue, packaging technology, and packaging structure of individual manufacturers, which cause water in the endoscope and glue opening. These can be repaired. Although the hard endoscope is a delicate medical device, it is not easy to cause problems in normal clinical surgery or observation. As long as it is used properly, carefully maintained, and carefully maintained, doctors can rest assured that the use of rigid tube endoscopes will also maximize the benefits.