What Are the Different Types of Mold Allergy Treatment?

Allergic diseases can occur at all ages from newborns to the elderly, often with a marked genetic predisposition. Among allergic diseases, quick-type allergic reactions are more common. The main types are allergic skin reactions, allergic reactions to the respiratory tract, allergic reactions to the digestive tract and anaphylactic shock.

Allergic disease

Allergic dermatitis

(1) Drug rash: Some drugs can cause skin allergic reactions, mainly manifested as skin erythema, purpura, blisters and slackness of the epidermis, itching and pain, and sometimes accompanied by low fever. After the rash subsided, there was no pigmentation.

(2) Contact dermatitis: Refers to erythema, edema, itching and pain after local contact with certain substances (such as jewelry, bracelets, sandals, cosmetics, etc.). In severe cases, blisters and peeling may occur.

(3) Eczema: Erythema, pimples, blisters, erosion, exudation, scabbing, desquamation, pigmentation can be seen locally or throughout the body; severe itching; obvious exudation.

(4) Urticaria (wind mass, rubella mass): Sudden and severe itching or burning sensation on the skin; the affected area quickly appears with a limited mass of edema, ranging from rice grains to the size of the palm, and is usually nail to Coin-sized, slightly higher than the surrounding skin.

(5) Skin scratches Itchy skin: scratches after scratching.

(6) Food allergies: Milk, flour, corn, eggs, sugar, tomatoes, potatoes, chocolate, fruits, beef, pork and other foods may cause allergies. The manifestations of food allergies can be diverse, and rashes are the most common There are many erythema on the face and around the mouth, and the trunk is also more common. Itching and desquamation can be accompanied by pigmentation and nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

(7) Allergies caused by environmental factors: pollen, mold, dust, trees, tobacco, smoke, perfume, gasoline, paint, pesticides, cleaners, drugs, pets, carpets, etc. can cause allergies.

Allergic rhinitis

The typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis are as follows: First, paroxysmal continuous sneezing, usually no less than 5 per episode, sometimes even more than a dozen or dozens, and the time of sneezing often rises early and falls asleep at night Or it worsens with the change of the season, and the severe attacks will occur several times a day; the second is a lot of watery snot after the sneezing process; the third is the nasal blockage, and the severity of each attack varies, which can last for ten minutes or tens of minutes. Not waiting.

Allergic asthma

Allergic asthma usually occurs in infancy, and patients often have atopic constitutions that are allergic to certain substances, such as inhaling cold air, pollen, dust mites, etc .; eating fish, shrimp, milk, etc .; contacting certain drugs, such as penicillin. When these allergens enter the patient's body, mast cells or basophils release a sensitizing active substance through a series of reactions, which acts on the bronchi, causing extensive small airway stenosis and asthma symptoms. If left untreated, asthma can fatal.

Allergic purpura

1-3 weeks before the onset of illness often have a history of upper respiratory infections, and general discomfort, fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite, followed by skin purpura, accompanied by joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria or melena, etc. These symptoms are often misdiagnosed .

Anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock) is a kind of strong multiple organ involvement syndrome that occurs in a short period of time through immune mechanisms after certain antigenic substances from the outside enter the sensitized body. The performance and degree of anaphylactic shock vary greatly depending on the body's reactivity, the amount and route of antigen entry. It usually occurs suddenly and violently, and if not handled in time, it can often be life-threatening.

Diagnosis of allergic diseases

Detailed history of allergic diseases

Including the time, place, season, periodicity, cause of induction, living and living environment, dietary habits, working environment, family genetic history, history of drug allergies, previous physical conditions, menstruation and fertility, ongoing treatment and medication Etc., to make a preliminary judgment as to whether it is an allergic disease and what kind of allergic disease?

Laboratory tests for allergic diseases

Check the allergens accordingly to determine which substances the patient is allergic to. This is the so-called allergen-specific allergen diagnosis. The diagnosis of specific allergens is at the core of allergy.

Treatment of allergic diseases

Education for allergic patients

Through the education of patients, the knowledge of allergic diseases can be popularized, so that patients can understand allergic diseases and timely prevent and treat them.

Avoid allergens for allergic diseases

Accurately find allergens through advanced detection technology. After clarifying allergens, actively avoid contact in daily life.

Allergens are a necessary condition for allergies to occur, and allergies can be avoided without the allergens. This is an effective method, but it is not useful for all patients with allergies. Some people are allergic, and some people may have several allergens; some allergens can be avoided, but some allergens are difficult to avoid; and many allergens are unknown Therefore, staying away from allergens is a good way, but not useful for all patients.

Desensitization treatment for allergic diseases

Specific immunotherapy (desensitization)

After the allergen is identified, the patient is exposed to the allergen from a small dose, the dose is gradually increased to the maintenance dose, and sufficient treatment is continued to make the patient's immune system immune tolerant. When the allergen is contacted again, the allergy symptoms are significantly reduced or No longer happen. This treatment is a method of treating the cause, which can block the natural process of allergic diseases. Sublingual desensitization treatment is to use the extract of allergens to drip under the tongue to make the respiratory tract mucosa tolerant, thereby reducing or controlling allergic symptoms and achieving the purpose of desensitization treatment. Its clinical features are:

The world's fastest-growing desensitization treatment (ie, specific immunotherapy or immunotherapy) is in line with the rationalized treatment plan of symptomatic + cause recommended by the World Health Organization.

Treating both the symptoms and the root cause: radical treatment of allergic diseases, with significant effects and thorough desensitization; overcoming the limitations of traditional hormonal chemical drugs that treat symptomatically only at the onset of the disease. The degree of adverse reactions may produce some resistance.

High safety: Globally, no serious side effects have occurred in 30 years of use, and the long-term safety of medications for desensitization treatment has been ensured to the greatest extent; systemic serious adverse reactions (including anaphylactic shock, Even death), thereby reducing the psychological burden on medical staff and patients.

In patients with allergic rhinitis caused by dust mites, the immunological indicators in the body before and after the sublingual dust mite immunotherapy have also changed. Because the sublingual mucosal tissue is thin, these Langerhan cells located on the mucosal surface will catch enough when they contact the antigen. A signal of the presence of allergens, which can be quickly absorbed by allergen vaccines, thereby initiating a desensitization reaction. These include increased serum IgG4 levels and improved Th2 / Th1 cell ratios. Because it is administered sublingually, there are usually no serious adverse reactions such as anaphylactic shock. Very few patients occasionally have a mild rash or mild diarrhea, which can be recovered by stopping treatment or reducing the dose. The mechanism of sublingual desensitization treatment is because there are a large number of Langerhans cells in the sublingual mucosa. After absorbing a small amount of dust mite allergens, it can be processed into mite polypeptide information. By presenting them to Th0 cells, Th0 cells can Th1 cells transform, preventing the occurrence of allergic reactions.

[Development history of desensitization treatment]

In 1909, Noon succeeded in treating pollen rhinitis with autoimmune method, and opened a new era of immunotherapy. After more than half a century of practice, immunotherapy has shown certain clinical effects, but since the 1980s, as a result of several deaths in the United Kingdom due to the injection of immunotherapy preparations, the relevant government agencies have ordered a total ban on immunotherapy. .

In 1986, Scadding and Brostoff successfully used sublingual desensitization therapy (sublingual specific immunotherapy (SLIT)) for the first time to successfully treat allergic rhinitis, which revived hope for immunotherapy.

In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed through evidence-based medicine that immunotherapy for type I allergic diseases is effective, and believed that "if conditions are available, it should be applied as soon as possible", and immunotherapy has been re-promoted.

In 1993, the European Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) pointed out that sublingual specific immunotherapy (SLIT) could be a potentially valuable treatment.

In 1998, the submission of the "WHO Allergen Immunotherapy Submission" pointed out that "desensitization treatment is the only possible cure for allergic diseases" and officially recommended the effectiveness and safety of sublingual specific immunotherapy. At present, the treatment of sublingual desensitization has been vigorously promoted in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, and the immunotherapy method of subcutaneous injection has gradually faded out of the mainstream medical scheme due to its potential harm.

In 2001, the Global Asthma Initiative (ARIA) confirmed the safety of high-dose allergen sublingual desensitization (at least 100 times the cumulative dose of subcutaneous immunotherapy) for children and adults.

In 2004, the World Health Organization recognized SLIT as one of the main treatments for treating allergic diseases such as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Medication (symptomatic)

It is a symptomatic treatment that can control clinical symptoms faster, but cannot change the natural course of the disease. There are two commonly used drugs:

1) Regarding the regulation of allergic constitution (special constitution), Professor Wang Qi of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine recommended the Yupingfeng San (Yupingfeng granules) side when he talked about the health of allergic constitution (special constitution). The combination of the three herbs of Atractylodes complement each other. "Astragalus is used to replenish qi and solidify the surface; Atractylodes is used to strengthen the spleen and the spleen and stomach, and the Qi of the table has biochemical sources; Yupingfeng San, which is composed of three medicines, has the effects of nourishing qi, solidifying the surface, and antiperspirant. It is effective in resisting the invasion of external evils, preventing the improvement of colds and allergic diseases. Western medicine anti-allergy is only to control the symptoms, while Chinese medicine is to cure the symptoms by improving the allergy. Effective for allergic rhinitis, asthma, hives.

Traditional Chinese medicine combined with antihistamines, Yupingfeng granules are the first choice of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for allergic diseases, and combined with antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine, astemizine, mink, and karetham. Antihistamines have side effects, and long-term use can cause drowsiness, fatigue, and mental retardation.

2) Hormonal drugs have a very obvious effect on the treatment of allergic diseases, but the side effects are too large to be commonly used. Therefore, the condition can only be temporarily controlled when the condition is severe. Commonly used hormones can seriously damage internal organs such as the liver and kidneys, and also affect children's growth and development.