What Are the Different Types of Steroids?

Steroids are a general term for a large class of cyclopentyl perhydrophenanthrene derivatives widely distributed in the biological world. Also known as steroids and steroids. Steroid compounds do not contain bound fatty acids and are unsaponifiable lipids; such compounds are isoprene-like substances and are produced by triterpenoid cyclization followed by molecular recombination and chemical modification. Steroids include steroids (such as cholesterol, lanosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol), bile acids and bile alcohols, steroid hormones (such as adrenal hormones, androgens, estrogen), insect ecdysteroids, Cardiac glycosides and saponins, and toad poison. In addition, there are synthetic steroid drugs such as anti-inflammatory agents (hydroprednisone, dexamethasone), steroid drugs that promote protein synthesis, and oral contraceptives. Anabolic steroids are similar to anabolic male sex hormones. They are a class of chemically synthesized derivatives similar in structure and activity to the human androgen testosterone. On October 27, 2017, the list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization initially compiled the reference. Androgenic (anabolic) steroids are on the list of 2A carcinogens.

In 1990, Congress passed the Anabolic Steroid Control Act, which classified 27 types of steroids as drugs in Schedule II of the Controlled Drugs Act. As a result, the market price of the drug has increased significantly. Health clubs have long been the center of steroid sales, and weightlifting and bodybuilding enthusiasts are the main steroid abuse group. Steroids have since spread among professional and amateur athletes and even junior and high school boys.

Steroids are smuggled into the United States from some European countries and Mexico, and are generally trafficked by individuals and drug dealers from Eastern Europe and Russia to the United States. Because of the lack of international control over the supply of foreign drug sources, it is nearly impossible for the United States to combat drug trafficking at its source. Studies have shown that over time, steroids can make a person's health painfully expensive. Abuse of oral or injectable steroids increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, and most people who abuse oral steroids have an increased risk of liver disease. Steroid abusers who share needles or use non-sterile technology to inject steroids are at risk of contracting HIV or AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and bacterial endocarditis.

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, anabolic steroids also cause some undesirable changes in the body. These changes include breast development and male genital atrophy, masculinization of the female body, and acne and exfoliation on both sexes ^[1]

It is a fused tetracyclic compound composed of three six-carbon cyclohexane (A, B, C) and one five-carbon ring (D). The carbon atom numbering sequence is shown in Figure 1.

In various natural steroid molecules

Other work done by Julian's laboratory sparked Julian's research on steroids. As early as at DePaul University, when Julian tried to isolate toxic lentiline from gala beans, he got an oil and washed it with acids. A few weeks later, Julian noticed crystals in the oil. Further analysis showed that this crystal was actually a hydrate of stigmasterol. Sterols are chemical substances, mostly unsaturated alcohols like cholesterol; they are usually found in the tissues of animals and plants. The body uses steroids to make steroid hormones, which are important in various activities of the human body, and have important regulatory effects on metabolism, sexual maturity and development. The pharmaceutical industry also uses steroids to synthesize steroid hormones. In the past, people made sterols from the bile of animals, but to get the relevant drugs for a patient to treat a year's disease in this way required to kill thousands of animals, which is undoubtedly expensive. Julian understands that if sterols can be extracted from soybean oil, it will greatly benefit mankind, but it is difficult to isolate them in practice. At Greeden, Julian's full energy was occupied by this matter.

One day in 1940, Julian suddenly noticed that a barrel of soybean oil formed a white substance when mixed with water, which reminded him of the crystals formed in garaba bean oil. Julian's further research on this oil found a way to extract sterols from soybean oil. This method first converts the sterols into a long and empty foam and then separates it further. He then discovered the best way to synthesize progestin and testosterone from soybean oil in the laboratory. Progesterone progesterone is a hormone produced in large quantities during pregnancy and is mainly used to maintain the position of the uterus. So progesterone progesterone was used to prevent miscarriage, and progesterone progesterone was used to treat problems in the reproductive system, such as premenstrual syndrome and irregular menstruation. In addition, it is an ingredient in fertility control drugs. Testosterone is a male hormone that plays an important role in regulating sexual maturity, maintaining reproductive capacity, and generating sexual impulses. Previously, these two substances could only be extracted from large amounts of testes or ovaries, or from cholesterol in the brain and spinal cord of cattle. Therefore, Julian's discovery is undoubtedly a huge improvement.

In 1948, researchers discovered that cortisone can alleviate the symptoms of arthritis. Cortisone is another steroid hormone that is structurally related to progestin and testosterone. Cortisone is secreted by the outermost cortex of the pararenal glands (the pararenal glands are located above the kidneys). Cortisone regulates sugar and salt levels in the body and helps the body respond normally to stress. Cortisone can alleviate inflammation and is very effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis caused by inflammation of joint edges. Unfortunately, it is very expensive to purify cortisone from bile acids, and it takes tens of thousands of dollars to obtain one ounce of cortisone. Julian took the example of extracting progesterone progesterone from beans as an example to prove to people that these useful substances can be obtained for very little money. Later, Julian synthesized deoxysteroids (also known as substance S of Reichstein (Swiss biochemist)) from progesterone progesterone. The molecule of this substance is similar to that of cortisol, except that Picocortis is missing an oxygen atom. In 1952, the company found that the missing oxygen atom could be added by microbiological methods, and the demand for progesterone progesterone and deoxysteroids increased sharply. Julian's synthetic deoxysteroids provide easy and inexpensive treatment opportunities for many patients suffering from various diseases. Synthetic cortisones are also widely used in the manufacture of advanced ointments used to treat pruritus caused by mosquitoes and poisonous plants.

In 1950, Percy Julian was selected as the Person of the Year in Chicago, but he still had to fight racial discrimination. Julian's house in a white community in Chicago's Oak Park was deliberately set on fire the day before he moved in. In order to ensure the water supply at home, he even had to threaten to use legal means. After the Julian family moved into the community, someone threw explosives into his home, which happened to fall under the window in Julian's children's bedroom. In 1951, Julian was denied entry to a private luncheon in Chicago dedicated to prominent scientists and industry professionals. But Julian never stepped back and became an outspoken defender of the civil rights movement ^[2]

Anabolic steroids are similar to anabolic males

In the U.S., people can legally buy something like

Anabolic steroid abuse methods: Some steroids can

Consequences of Anabolic Steroid Abuse: Abuse of steroids can have many side effects. It can cause

The scientific name for steroids is "

What methods are more effective in the treatment of steroid diseases?

There are relatively few reports on the treatment of steroid diseases. The current structure of knowledge is based only on the experience of a small number of people who treat steroid withdrawal. Physicians will tell them all the reactions they will have at the beginning of treatment. If the response is strong or too long, medications and hospitalizations will take place. Some medications are designed to restore the hormonal system, while others are designed to minimize symptoms of depression and pain in the head and muscles and joints. There are also some patients who need ultra-conventional psychotherapy medications to minimize their pain.

Steroid hormone molecules are small and fat-soluble. They can enter the cell through the cell membrane, combine with cytoplasmic receptors to form a complex, then enter the nucleus, bind to nuclear receptors, and regulate gene expression, thereby affecting cell function and development.

Is the use of anabolic steroids addictive?

According to research, it has not been determined whether the use of steroids is addictive, but studies have shown that most users will continue to use steroids regardless of their health problems. At the same time, they spend a lot of time and money on the use of steroids. Once they stop using them, they will reflect symptoms such as weakness, restlessness, lack of appetite, deprivation, and desire to use more steroids. However, the most dangerous symptom after deactivation is depression and a strong tendency to commit suicide. Even if there is no suicide tendency, some users and deactivators have depression within one year or longer.

A new finding in the treatment of miscarriages shows that women with multiple miscarriages can save this pain with a simple steroid treatment.

At the British Council meeting in Liverpool, Dr. Quinby from the University of Liverpool and Liverpool Women's Hospital described natural killer cells as the cause of abortion and failure of IVF embryo implantation. These cells are beneficial to most organs of the human body, but in the uterus, their excessive content will promote the rapid growth of blood vessels.

Blood vessels carry extra oxygen to the blood and can cause miscarriage or prevent embryo implantation. Forty women were treated with steroids by Dr. Quinby, and three-quarters of them gave birth successfully. They had multiple abortions before. This treatment reduces the number of natural killer cells in the uterus, which is also considered to increase the chance of successful embryo implantation.

The chance of miscarriage of women of childbearing age ranges from 10% to 25%. For most healthy women, the average chance of miscarriage is 15% to 20%. For expectant mothers, it is important to understand safe pregnancy and self-care methods, because bringing a new life to the world is a great responsibility. Steroids are undoubtedly a godsend for couples who suffer from multiple miscarriages.

Steroid

Steroid