What Are the Medical Uses of Codonopsis Pilosula?

Codonopsis is a kind of herbal medicine included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The source of the herbal medicine is dried roots of Codonopsis plantaceae, Coleus codonopsis, or Codonopsis codonopsis. ^[1]

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This entry may involve professional knowledge. Chinese herbal medicine is not free of toxic and side effects. Please take it as directed by your doctor. Do not trust the recommendations for online medication.

Codonopsis is "

Codonopsis traits

Codonopsis root is slightly cylindrical, spindle-shaped cylindrical or long conical, with less branches or branches below the middle, 15-45cm in length and 0.45-2.5cm in diameter. The surface is gray-yellow, gray-brown or reddish-brown, with irregular longitudinal grooves and shrinkage, sparse horizontal long pores, multiple ring-shaped wrinkles in the upper part, especially dense near the root; roots with most protruding stem marks and bud marks , Integrated globular, commonly known as "lion pan head"; sometimes dark brown gums can be seen at the broken roots, and the milk overflows and condenses (vulgar oil point). The texture is soft or hard, the cross section is flat, some are horny, the skin is thick, yellowish white, light brown or tan, and there are often cracks. There is a dark brown ring at the junction with the wood. The wood accounts for about the root diameter. 1 / 3-1 / 2, light yellow. Slightly fragrant, sweet, no residue after chewing.

Succulent regular ginseng: The root is slightly shorter, less than 30cm in length, and less branched. The surface is gray-brown, the cortex is rough, it is more lumpy or twisted, and the upper ring is dense; there are many oil spots. The texture is tough and the section is not very flat. There is dregs.

Codonopsis chuanxiong: Rarely branches below the root. The surface is gray-brown, the suppository is often partly shed, and the upper ring pattern is thinner. The cross section of the skin is hypertrophic and has fewer cracks. Slightly sweet and sour.

Codonopsis radix: one branch at the root or slightly branched at the lower part. The surface is shrunk into longitudinal grooves, sparse horizontally long pores, and the upper ring is sparse; the root has a spherical lion pan head, and brown and black gums overflow at the broken place. Broken flour or sugary cutin. Slightly sweet and slightly sweet.

Ballflower ginseng: Root hypertrophy, 20-43cm long, 1-3cm in diameter. The surface has shrinking longitudinal grooves, often twisted, with dense ring patterns on the upper part, and tapering from the middle to the root head, and is familiar with "snake earthworm heads"; rhizomes have most small stem or bud marks. With small cracks arranged in a radial pattern, with a special odor.

Grey hair ginseng: There are only some points below the root. The section is slightly powdery, with bright needle-like crystals. With specific odor.

The roots are thick and stout, the meat is soft, the aroma is strong, and the sweetness is strong. ^[5]

Codonopsis microscopy

Root cross section:

Codonopsis: 5-8 rows of cork cells with longitudinal stripes on the radial wall; corkstone cells are scattered individually or in groups, located outside the cork layer or embedded between cork cells. The cortex is narrow, and the cells are mostly irregular or broken, extruded into decadent tissue; there are breast duct groups distributed. The phloem is wide, and the milk tube group and the sieve tube group are arranged in a radial arrangement. The cut is slightly interrupted by concentric rings. The milk tube contains pale yellow granular secretions: 5-9 rows of bast rays, often on the outside. Fissures, forming layers into loops. Xylem accounts for about 1 / 2-4 / 7 of the root radius; single or 5-10 ducts converge and are arranged radially in 1 (-2) rows; the wood rays are broad and often broken to form large cracks; the wood direction is arranged Into 1 (-2); the wood rays are broad and often broken to form larger cracks; the thin-walled wood cells are arranged closely; the three prototypes of the primary xylem. The parenchyma cells are filled with inulin and a few starch granules.

Codonopsis flavescens: there is a thick perimeter cell belt outside the cork layer, some of which fall off locally; the phloem accounts for about 2/3 of the radius of the root; Round. The parenchyma cells of this product contain starch granules and a small amount of inulin.

Codonopsis japonicus: Slightly thickened cork cells with pits; a series of cork cells arranged in discontinuous bands, some embedded between cork cells; the phloem accounts for about 2/3 of the root radius; Small, thick-walled wood parenchyma cells. The parenchyma cells of this product contain starch granules, mostly multi-grained; inulin exists in the fissures and ducts.

3-7 columns of Tussula chinensis plugs; there are obvious interstitial spaces between the thin-walled cells in the phloem; the xylem occupies 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the root radius, and the ducts are mostly scattered; The starch granules in the phloem are 13-16 m in diameter, mostly multi-grained, and the starch granules in the xylem are 4-7 m in diameter, mostly single grains; inulin is mainly distributed in the xylem, and inulin-containing cells are often associated with the ducts.

Codonopsis globosa: 5-10 rows of cork cells; phloem accounts for 5/8 of the radius of the root; 5-7 rows of cells with ray width; xylem accounts for about 3-8 of the radius of the root; Parenchyma cells contain a large amount of inulin, and the mass conductors present in parenchyma cells around the duct are small.

(6) Codonopsis pilosula: The cork cells extend tangentially to 164 m; the phloem and xylem are nearly equal; the wood rays are broad and the phloem rays are narrow, only 2-4 rows of cells.

Codonopsis powder characteristics

Codonopsis

1. Codonopsis yellow-white.

There are many inulins. Using a cold hydrated chloral solution device, the inulin mass is slightly fan-shaped. It is round or semi-circular with radial lines on the surface.

There are many stone cells, which are scattered individually or in groups, and some are embedded with wood plug cells; stone cells are polygonal, square, rectangular or irregular, with a diameter of 24-51 m and sparse pores.

Marginal pits, reticles, wind-like marginal veins and ladder veins, with a diameter of 21-80 m and a molecular length of 80-88 m.

The milk tube is a joint-connected milk tube with a diameter of 12-15 m. The tube and surrounding cells are filled with oil droplets and fine particles.

The cork cells are brownish yellow, and the surface is rectangular, oblique, or polygonal in shape. The vertical peripheral wall is microwave-shaped, woody, and has vertical stripes. In addition, a few starch granules are visible.

2. Codonopsis flavescens pale yellow.

There are many stone cells, with a diameter of 19-60 m, a length of 35-107 (-256) m, varying wall thickness, sparse pores, obvious pores and grooves, and some of the pores and grooves are dense and crisscross into a network or honeycomb.

Thin-walled wood cells are spindle-shaped, secondary wall reticulate and ladder-shaped thickened.

The pigment block is yellow or brown-red, and some are stuffed in the catheter. single starch granules, spherical or oval.

3 Sichuan Codonopsis class white.

Stone cells are less, diameter 25-36k, length 60-76m, wall thickness 3-5 (-8) m, and some middle walls are thicker, making the cell cavity dumbbell-shaped, the pores and grooves obvious, cough-shaped or funnel-shaped shape.

The wood-thin-walled cells are spindle-shaped, and some flat peripheral walls have a reticular texture, and some vertical peripheral walls are pearl-like. Some pits and grooves are obvious.

There are many starch granules, with a single spherical shape and a round shape, with a diameter of 6-20 m, and the umbilical points are dotted or unknown. The complex granules are composed of 2-7 divided granules.

4 Tube flower codonopsis white.

There are many starch granules, single spherical or oval, 6-30 m in diameter, umbilical points are cracked, dotted, star-shaped, and large grain layers are obvious; semi-multigrained have 2-3 umbilical points; The dividing line is formed, and the sizes are very different.

The cork cells are square or rectangular, with a length and width of 80-100 m, and the wall is woody.

The thin-walled wood cells are rectangular, and the secondary wall is thickened in ladder, mesh or spiral shape.

5. Ball flower Codonopsis yellowish white.

The surface of the cork cell is rectangular or oblique, and some vertical peripheral walls are thickened with beads, and the pores and grooves are obvious.

The wood parenchyma cells are long or short spindle-shaped, the secondary wall is ladder-like or reticular thickened, and the side walls are even spherical.

The ray cells are arranged regularly, the cells are rectangular in radial view, the upper and lower radial walls are separated, or thickened in the form of beads.

Thick-walled cells are stone-like, with obvious pits and grooves, and the walls are not lignified.

Pigment block is windy, brown wind color or bright yellow.

6. Grey-haired Codonopsis is pale yellow.

The surface of the cork cell is streaked with rectangular, narrow rectangle or square vertical peripheral wall.

Thin-walled wood cells are spindle-shaped, secondary walls are ladder-like or reticulated thickened, and side walls are even-spherical.

No pigment block.

Yu is similar to Codonopsis. ^[5]

Codonopsis specifications

Codonopsis-medicinal part

First class: the length is more than 20cm, the diameter under the reed is more than 1cm, and no whiskers are required. Second class: less than 20cm in length, more than 0.5cm in diameter under the reed.

First class: the diameter under the reed is more than 1cm, no fritters. Second class: The diameter under the reed is more than 0.8cm, without fritters. Third class: the diameter under the reed is more than 0.4cm, and the fritters do not exceed 10%.

Western Party first class: the diameter under the reed is more than 1.5cm, no fritters. Second class: the diameter under the reed is more than 1cm, no fritters. Third class: the diameter under the reed is more than 0.6cm, and the fritters do not exceed 15%.

Grade 1 party: the diameter under the reed is more than 1.2cm, no fritters. Second class: The diameter under the reed is more than 0.8cm, without fritters. Third class: the diameter under the reed is more than 0.5cm, the fritters do not exceed 10%, and there is no ginseng. ^[5]