What Are the Most Common Activated Charcoal Side Effects?
Household deodorizing activated carbon, also known as household activated carbon, is a principle of physical adsorption. In the process, it relies on air as a medium to adsorb harmful substances in the air, so it is defined as a passive air purification material. A commonly used class of air purification materials is mainly used to adsorb traces of toxic gases in the air. Ammonia, formaldehyde, and benzene can adsorb odors after decoration, without pollution, non-toxicity, no side effects, and reliable.
Household activated carbon
Household deodorizing activated carbon, also known as household activated carbon, is a principle of physical adsorption. In the process, it relies on air as a medium to adsorb harmful substances in the air, so it is defined as a passive air purification material. A commonly used class of air purification materials is mainly used to adsorb traces of toxic gases in the air. Ammonia, formaldehyde, and benzene can adsorb odors after decoration, without pollution, non-toxicity, no side effects, and reliable.
- Chinese name
- Household activated carbon
- Foreign name
- Domestic activated carbon
- Variety
- Columnar 1.5 coconut shell granules
- manufacturer
- Professional activated carbon manufacturer
- Used for
- Toilet odor refrigerator furniture formaldehyde moisture
- Life cycle
- 8-42 months
Activated carbon is a traditional and modern man-made material. Since its introduction for a hundred years, the application field of activated carbon has been expanding, and the number of applications has been increasing. Recalling the history of charcoal application, it is recorded as follows:
(1) In 1550 BC, Egypt was again used as a medical record;
(2) From 460 to 359 BC, the Greek doctor Hippocrate used to treat sheep epilepsy;
(3) From 1518 to 1593, Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica mentioned that it was used for curing diseases
(4) Externally used for ulcers in 1993;
(5) In 1794, there was a sugar factory in Britain for decoloring.
The above examples apply to charcoal, not activated carbon.
Activated carbon, as a man-made material, was only invented in 1900 and 1901. The inventor was Raphael von Ostrejko, who obtained British patent BP14224 (1900); British patent BP18040 (1900); German patent Ger.P.136792 (1901).
He invented the production of activated carbon by carbonizing plant chloride raw materials with metal chlorides or by reacting carbon dioxide or water vapor with carbonized materials. The factory near Vienna was first used for industrial production in 1911. At that time, the product was powdered activated carbon, and its name was Epomit; it was listed in Norit, the Netherlands, and sold in Carboraffin, Czechoslovakia in 1912. (Ger.Pat.290656).
Looking back at the history of activated carbon application in the world for a century, it may be roughly divided into three stages:
(1) The first stage, from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1920s, is the budding stage:
(2) The second stage, from the mid-1920s to the mid-term growth stage;
(3) The third stage, from the middle of the 20th century to the end of the 20th century, is a development stage, which develops into a large-scale application stage of environmental protection.
These three stages can be used in two historic events in the application process of activated carbon. As the boundaries of division.
The first major event was the application of activated carbon gas masks in the 1920s in World War I. This can be used as the boundary between the first stage and the second stage of the application history of activated carbon.
Activated carbon is a very good adsorbent. It uses charcoal, bamboo charcoal, various nut shells, and high-quality coal as raw materials. It uses physical and chemical methods to crush, screen, activate catalyst, rinse, dry, and screen raw materials Wait for a series of processes. It has the dual characteristics of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and can selectively adsorb various substances in the gas phase and liquid phase to achieve the purposes of decolorization, purification, disinfection, deodorization, and decontamination and purification. Inspection standards can be in accordance with China's national standard GB, or in accordance with other national standards, such as: American ASTM, Japanese JIS, German DIN standards.
The main application of activated carbon in the early stage has gradually replaced the original bone char in the sugar industry. The particles that appeared in World War I in the 1920s were heavily used in gas masks. This is a brilliant page in the history of industrial chemistry. At that time, Norit in the Netherlands and manufacturers and wholesalers in Czechoslovakia, Germany, France, Switzerland and other countries had established a joint company, indicating that activated carbon sprouted in Europe is also a promising new industry.
Through the promotion of the use of gas masks, the history of activated carbon has entered the second stage. The market for activated carbon has continued to expand. The application of the adsorption and catalytic functions of activated carbon in the purification, recycling, and synthesis of many industries has been continuously developed. In the middle of the 20th century, activated carbon, which has been continuously expanding its application, is regarded as a "universal adsorbent".
The second big thing is the deodorizing effect of activated carbon, which was used in hundreds of waterworks in the 1940s. Take this as the boundary between the second and third stages of dividing the history of activated carbon application.
In 1927, there was an unpleasant tap water odor accident in the Chicago Waterworks in the United States. This was caused by the peculiar odor generated by phenol in raw water and chlorine for disinfection. The same accidents happened in water plants in Germany and other places, and these accidents were solved with activated carbon.
Since then, as environmental protection has received increasing attention, government regulations have become more stringent. The increase in the use of activated carbon not only in water purification but also in gas purification has made the environmental protection industry a major user of activated carbon in the second half of the 20th century. As a result, the history of activated carbon has entered the third stage, that is, the development stage.
The application history of activated carbon in China is divided into three stages.
(1) In the first stage, before the 1940s, China's pharmaceutical industry and chemical industry used a large amount of activated carbon, and imported products were used, such as Carboraffin brand activated carbon.
(2) The second stage began in the early 1950s, when domestic activated carbon was launched on the market. In 1951, the single-tube furnace plant in Shenyang and Fushun, the smoldering process plant in Qingdao, the good electrothermal activation process plant, and then the zinc chloride activation process plant. In 1958, Fujian, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Yantai, Northeast, and other places One after another factories were built. In 1966, Taiyuan opened the Slip activation method factory, and then China successively opened hundreds of Slip furnace plants. In addition, there are many factories such as converters and retorts. The total production capacity soared from 35 to 50 tons in 1951 to nearly 100,000 tons in the 1980s.
Production and application promote each other, and the scope of application of activated carbon is rapidly expanding. From the original single general charcoal to a variety of special charcoal, such as water purification charcoal, sugar charcoal, monosodium glutamate charcoal, grease charcoal, gold charcoal, carrier carbon, medicinal charcoal, injection charcoal, reagent charcoal, etc. The economy is booming and the application volume is increasing rapidly, and the export volume is increasing due to the expansion of production and lower costs. The application of activated carbon in China has not only developed in the domestic market, but also entered the international market.
1. Power industry
Power plant water quality treatment and protection-boiler plant;
2. Chemical industry
Chemical catalysts and carriers, gas purification, solvent recovery, and decolorization, refining, water purification, and sewage treatment, alkali-free deodorization;
3. Food industry
Refining and deodorizing beverages, alcohol, monosodium glutamate and food;
4.Gold industry
Gold extraction and tail liquid recovery;
5.Environmental protection industry
Used for sewage treatment, waste gas and harmful gas treatment and purification;
6.Related industries
Cigarette filters, wood floor moisture-proof, odor-absorbing, automobile gasoline evaporation pollution control, preparation of various impregnant liquids, etc.
1. During transportation, the activated carbon of the shell should avoid squeezing, falling, pressing, and destroying its original physical structure, which will affect the density of the voids and thus the adsorption function.
2. If the activated carbon gets wet in the rain, please dry it and allow it to continue to dry after fully drying it.
3. To prevent direct contact with fire sources, to prevent fire, to avoid oxygen and complete regeneration during regeneration of activated carbon, after regeneration must be cooled with steam to
Below 80 ° C, the temperature is high, and the activated carbon spontaneously ignites when exposed to oxygen.
Related technologies of TiO2 + activated carbon
In order to make up for the shortcomings of single adsorption technology, related researchers have developed composite adsorption products combining TiO2 based catalyst and activated carbon.
Using the method of composite of activated carbon and photocatalyst nano-TiO2, firstly, the activated carbon is bonded on the support surface to form an adsorption layer, and then the nano-TiO2 is supported on the activated carbon powder particles to form the outermost photocatalytic layer. Can achieve the following characteristics:
1) Reasonable geometric support, which makes the purification specific surface area larger and the airflow resistance smaller.
2) TiO2 is in the outermost layer, and the ultraviolet light directly acts on the TiO2 photocatalyst to improve the utilization rate.
3) With the help of the adsorption of activated carbon, the extremely low concentration of pollutants in the air can be quickly adsorbed, purified and surface enriched, which accelerates the rate of photocatalytic degradation reactions, inhibits the release of intermediate products, and increases the rate of complete oxidation of pollutants ; The photocatalytic action of TiO2 promotes the pollutants adsorbed by activated carbon to migrate to the surface of TiO2, thereby realizing the in situ regeneration of activated carbon and extending the service life. It is often called "synergy."
Huang Biao et al. Prepared TiO2 photocatalyst-activated carbon (Sc-TiO2-AC) composites under the condition of supercritical ethanol, and conducted experimental research on the purification performance of formaldehyde. By comparing with the simple mixture of Sc-TiO2 and activated carbon, it is found that: if TiO2 and activated carbon are simply mechanically mixed, the two are relatively independent, there will be no synergistic effect between TiO2 and the adsorbent, and the pollutants cannot be on the carbon surface Migration, therefore, for TiO2, not only does it provide a high concentration of pollutants enriched by carbon adsorption, but because the pollutants are first adsorbed by carbon, the concentration of pollutants in the surrounding environment of TiO2 is lower, resulting in low photocatalytic degradation and removal of pollution. Material effect is poor. And because the pollutants cannot be migrated from the surface of carbon to the surface of TiO2 and removed by the photocatalytic reaction process, the process of in situ regeneration of activated carbon cannot be achieved. The photocatalyst and activated carbon in the composite can achieve the "synergy effect". At the same time, the comparison of Sc-TiO2-AC composites prepared at 300, 350, and 400 ° C shows that the Sc-TiO2-AC composites prepared at 300 ° C have the highest formaldehyde removal rate.
General Hu et al. Used Fe-containing TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by the sol-gel method, using activated carbon fibers as a carrier, and adsorbing and photocatalytically oxidizing formaldehyde under ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254 nm, with high efficiency. At the same time, the loading of TiO2 also affects the purification efficiency. When 23.5g of activated carbon fibers are loaded with 2.0g, 3.5g, and 4.5g of TiO2, respectively, the curve rises and decreases as the catalyst loading increases (see Figure 1), and the adsorption rate becomes slower. When the catalyst is supported on the activated carbon fiber, a considerable part of the pore size of the activated carbon fiber is blocked, and the adsorption performance of the catalyst powder is inferior to that of the activated carbon fiber, resulting in a decrease in the overall adsorption performance. It can also be seen from Figure 1 that a higher treatment rate is obtained when the catalyst is 3.5 g. This may be because the contact area of the photocatalyst with formaldehyde is too small when the catalyst load is small, which results in a relatively slow oxidation rate; but when the load is large, the adsorption performance of the activated carbon fiber is sacrificed, and the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation is also affected. .
1) Combined with the electrostatic field, the activated carbon felt and polypropylene filter membrane are compounded to use the principle of mirror image force to capture particulate pollutants that get saturated electricity in the electric field.
2) A purification technology composed of biological enzyme technology, plasma technology, negative oxygen ion technology, and composite adsorption technology is the core of a catalytic technology that is not limited by light sources. This technology mainly oxidizes and decomposes organic pollutant gases in the air to achieve The purpose of fresh air.
3) The combination of biocatalytic enzyme and impregnated activated carbon can decompose pollutants such as formaldehyde and restore the activity of activated carbon.
4) Microbial adsorption composite technology, the working principle is: after the organic matter is ingested by the microorganism, it is decomposed and stabilized on the one hand, and provides the energy required for the life activity of the microorganism; on the other hand, it is transformed to synthesize new protoplasm ( Or cytoplasm), which makes microorganisms grow and reproduce themselves. Microbial air purification has the following three main characteristics:
aBecause the microbial body is small and has a large surface area, it can absorb a large amount of organic matter.
b has a strong ability to decompose and oxidize organic matter.
c Wide range of application. Because microorganisms have the characteristics of diverse types of metabolism, fast growth and reproduction, and easy mutation, they can be extracted for different purposes based on optimization and domestication.
As adsorption technology is relatively mature and easy to operate, it has a wide range of applications. But there is still much room for improvement. From the above development review, we can see that the adsorption technology can also be improved in the following aspects:
1) Activated carbon or activated carbon fiber can be modified by related technologies, strengthen the research on its adsorption mechanism, take corresponding measures for different pollutants, and develop products that can have a good adsorption effect on multiple gas pollutants
2) For composite technology, consideration should be given to the ratio of catalyst to adsorbent, processing conditions, etc., to better exert its "synergy" and purification efficiency of gas pollutants;
3) Joint purification with other technologies, such as high-voltage static electricity, negative ions, etc., to complement each other and achieve high purification efficiency;
4) Develop new adsorption products to better adapt to market demand;
5) Activated carbon regeneration has become a research hotspot.
Activated carbon is a kind of very small carbon particles with a large surface area, and there are even smaller pores in the carbon particles-capillaries. This capillary has a strong adsorption capacity. Due to the large surface area of the carbon particles, it can fully contact the gas (impurities). When these gases (impurities) hit the capillaries, they are adsorbed and play a purification role.
1.Used for liquid phase adsorption activated carbon
· Tap water, industrial water, electroplating wastewater, purified water, beverages, food, pharmaceutical water purification and electronic ultrapure water preparation.
· Sucrose, xylose, monosodium glutamate, pharmaceuticals, citric acid, chemical products, food additives, decolorization, refining and purification of impurities
· Decoloration, deodorization, deodorization, deodorization, deodorization, and deodorization of alcohol and beverages
· Purification, refining, decoloring and filtering of fine chemical, pharmaceutical and chemical, biopharmaceutical process products.
Environmental protection engineering wastewater, domestic wastewater purification, decolorization, deodorization, COD reduction
2.Used for gas-phase adsorption of activated carbon
· Adsorption and recovery of benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, oil and gas, CS2 and other organic solvents.
· Cigarette filters, decoration deodorization, indoor air purification (removal of formaldehyde, benzene, etc.), industrial gas purification (such as CO2, N2, etc.)
· Petrochemical industry production, natural gas purification, desulfurization, deodorization, and waste gas treatment
· Air purification and deodorization in biochemical, paint industry, underground places, leather factories, animal breeding places.
· Smoke adsorption of fumes, sulfide adsorption, removal of mercury vapor, reducing the production of dioxin.
3. Activated carbon for demanding applications
Catalysts and catalyst carriers (palladium-carbon catalysts, ruthenium-carbon catalysts, rhodium-carbon catalysts, platinum-carbon catalysts), precious metal catalysts, synthetic diamond, and gold extraction.
· Blood purification, car cans, high-performance fuel cells, electric double layer supercapacitors, lithium battery anode materials, energy storage materials, military, aerospace and other high-demand areas.
Activated carbon has been gradually recognized by people, and it has also been given many good names such as "formaldehyde removal expert" and "air fresh products". With the improvement of living standards, the impact of air quality on the human body has become more and more concerned. At this time, people also pay more and more attention to healthy life, so green products such as activated carbon will also become a necessity in people's lives. Buying activated carbon will be considered as a health investment.
1. It is used to remove harmful gases in newly decorated homes;
2. Put it on the wardrobe, bookcase and other furniture to remove odor;
3. Put 2 bags for new cars and 1 bag for old cars;
4, put in the refrigerator;
5, bathroom deodorization;
6, put in the shoe cabinet;
7. For pet cleaning and hygiene;
(1) Open the package and place it in any place in the room, cabinet, cabinet, drawer, refrigerator, toilet, car and other places where purification is needed.
(2) The living room should be used as a package (500g) of ten square meters.
(3) When paving the floor, spread the activated carbon packet directly under the floor below.
(4) Put the small bag in the shoe and seal it with a plastic bag. The deodorizing and dehumidifying effect will be better.
World recognized: Activated carbon is "universal adsorbent"
Expert tips: Activated carbon adsorption method to remove indoor pollution is currently the most widely used, the most mature, the safest, the most reliable, and the most types of substances absorbed. As an excellent physical and chemical adsorbent, activated carbon has been paid more and more attention.
Efficient and environmentally friendly activated carbon bag can adsorb all harmful gas molecules such as formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, xylene and thallium in the air, quickly eliminate decoration odor, and evenly adjust the humidity of the space. , Refrigerators, bathrooms, floors, fish tanks, cars, air conditioners, computers, offices, hotels and entertainment venues, all have very good results, as well as di Yalin and nano live ore, are the nemesis of formaldehyde, anti-virus experts.
So how can I choose to buy high-quality activated carbon?
Iodine value : The iodine value is a difference in performance of activated carbon. The iodine value of husk, bamboo charcoal, and coal are all in the hundreds to one thousand. g, etc., the adsorption capacity is also different! Cost price is also different!
Activated carbon made from the same material can be simply distinguished by the weight of the unit volume: as already described above, if you want to improve the adsorption performance of activated carbon, you can only make as many pore structures on the activated carbon as possible. The more pores, the more loose the activated carbon. The relative density will also be lighter, so a good activated carbon will feel lighter. In the case of the same weight packaging, a good performance activated carbon will be much larger than a poor quality activated carbon.
Look at the air bubbles: Put a small amount of activated carbon into the water. Due to the penetration of water, the water will gradually immerse into the pore structure of the activated carbon, forcing the air in the pores to escape, resulting in a series of extremely fine air bubbles. The bubble line, at the same time, will emit a slight bubble sound, which is very interesting. The more severe this phenomenon occurs and the longer it lasts, the better the adsorption of activated carbon.
Look at the decoloring ability: Another manifestation of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon is the decoloring ability. Activated carbon has the magical ability to turn colored liquids into light or colorless. This is actually because activated carbon adsorbs pigment molecules in colored liquids. Because of this characteristic of activated carbon, it is widely used in the production process of brown sugar to white sugar in the sugar industry. Take two transparent cups, put pure water in one cup, and then drop a drop of red ink (any pigment that is easy to observe but does not change the nature of the water can be used here, such as blue ink, printer color ink, (Ink and carbon inks cannot be used.) After mixing, pour half of the colored water into another cup for comparison. Put activated carbon in colored water, the amount should be half or more of the water, so the effect will be more obvious. After standing for 10-20 minutes, it will be compared with the comparison water sample. Under the same conditions, the stronger the decolorization effect, the activated carbon adsorption The better.
Although there are many types of activated carbon in appearance and use, activated carbon has a common characteristic, which is "adsorption". The reason why activated carbon has adsorption is because it has a developed pore structure. Like sponges we have seen, under the same weight conditions, sponges can absorb more water than other objects. The reason is also because it has developed Pore Structure. However, this pore structure of activated carbon is invisible to the naked eye, because they are only 1 × 10-12mm-10-5mm, which is not much larger than a molecule. The degree of development of activated carbon pores is unimaginable. If one gram of activated carbon is taken and all the pore walls are expanded into a plane, this area will reach 1,000 square meters (that is, the specific surface area is 1000g / m2)! The main factor affecting the adsorption of activated carbon depends on the development of the internal pore structure.
Only with a large amount of activated carbon with a pore diameter slightly larger than the diameter of toxic and harmful gas molecules, can it have a strong adsorption capacity. To meet this requirement, the requirements for material selection and processing (pore making, activation) of activated carbon are extremely strict. Activated carbon is fully compatible with gas-phase adsorption, with a particle size of 20-40 mesh, a large specific surface area, a well-developed internal void, small density, light hand feeling, and intense air bubbles. It also has a larger weight and volume, which can effectively purify indoor air. Capable of adsorbing odorous, toxic and various harmful gases in the air, especially for formaldehyde, benzenes, TVOC, CO (carbon monoxide), NH3 (ammonia), O3 (ozone), CL2 (chlorine), etc. Unique adsorption purification and catalysis ability, widely used in decoration pollution removal, filter and air conditioning equipment.
With the development of science and technology, there have been alternative and improved products that reach or exceed the activated carbon air purification function. At present, the newly released inorganic silicon nano-adsorbent with silicon dioxide (SiO) as the main component has exceeded the use effect of ordinary activated carbon products in several core parameters. Moreover, it is more green and environmentally friendly, and will not have the danger of secondary pollution of powder like activated carbon.
Note :
Consumers do not know enough about activated carbon. They often mistakenly activated carbon such as bamboo charcoal, charcoal, and coconut shell charcoal as activated carbon. Second, they consider low-adsorption carbon sculptures and ordinary activated carbon as high-quality activated carbon. So please distinguish when buying, don't be deceived.
What is the difference between household activated carbon and unactivated charcoal, bamboo charcoal and coconut shell charcoal?
Wood, bamboo, coconut husks and various fruit husks are the original materials for the production of activated carbon. First, they are carbonized at low temperature and oxygen barrier to become black, hard, block-shaped charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and coconut shell charcoal. This is the primary stage of charcoal, with no pores and no activity. Only when these charred charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and coconut shell char are subjected to a high temperature of 900 ° C-1000 ° C, steam activation can become activated carbon. Therefore, carbonized materials are fundamentally different from activated carbon. There are many carbonized materials on the market posing as activated carbon, please note the difference.
In the process of transporting charcoal, prevent it from mixing with hard substances. Do not step on or step on it to prevent the carbon particles from breaking and affecting the quality.
Storage should be stored in porous adsorbent, so during the storage and use of the process, water immersion must be absolutely prevented. After water immersion, a large amount of water fills the active voids, making it ineffective.
Activated carbon prevents tar-like substances from being brought into the activated carbon bed during use, so as not to block the gap of activated carbon and make it lose its adsorption effect. It is best to have decoking equipment to purify the gas.
Functional comparison of household activated carbon and formaldehyde scavenger
Features product | Technical principle | Purification function | Deodorizing function | Effectiveness | cost | Practicality | safety |
Activated carbon | Physical adsorption | Purify indoor formaldehyde, Benzene, ammonia and other pollutants | Effectively remove various odors and harmful gases | Lasting function | low | Unlimited | Safe without side effects |
Photocatalyst | Chemical elimination | Purify a certain pollutant | Remove specific odors | short time | high | Limited by light | To be determined |
Formaldehyde scavenger | Chemical elimination | Decomposes only on formaldehyde | no | One time | high | Pollution limit | Possibility of secondary pollution and explosion |
Ozone generator | Chemical elimination | Purify a certain pollutant | no | short time | high | Pollution limit | Leakage hazard |
Coconut shell activated carbon, the index of some coconut shell activated carbon is announced as follows:
Index: Specifications | 4 × 8 mesh | 8 × 16 mesh | 14 × 28 mesh | 20 × 40 mesh |
strength% | 93 | 93 | 95 | 95 |
Iodine value mg / g | 950 | 950-1000 | 1000 | 1100 |
Moisture% | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
Ash content% | 7 | 5 | 5 | 7 |
Carbon tetrachloride adsorption value% | 50 | 55 | 60 | 60 |
Filling density g / L | 450-500 | 450-500 | 450-550 | 450-550 |
PH value | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Conversion of particle size and millimeter
| Mm | Head | Mm | Head | Mm | Head | Mm |
2.5 | 8.00 | 12 | 1.40 | 60 | 0.250 | 270 | 0.053 |
3 | 6.70 | 14 | 1.18 | 65 | 0.212 | 325 | 0.045 |
4 | 4.75 | 16 | 1.00 | 80 | 0.180 | 400 | 0.038 |
5 | 4.00 | 20 | 0.85 | 100 | 0.150 | 500 | 0.031 |
6 | 3.35 | twenty four | 0.71 | 115 | 0.125 | 600 | 0.025 |
7 | 2.80 | 28 | 0.60 | 150 | 0.106 | 800 | 0.019 |
8 | 2.36 | 32 | 0.50 | 170 | 0.090 | 1000 | 0.015 |
9 | 2.00 | 35 | 0.425 | 200 | 0.075 | 1500 | 0.010 |
10 | 1.70 | 48 | 0.300 | 250 | 0.063 | 3000 | 0.005 |
