What Are the Most Common Uses for a Penicillin Shot?

Penicillin sodium for injection, the indication is that penicillin is suitable for various infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as abscesses, bacteremia, pneumonia, and endocarditis. Penicillin is the drug of choice for the following infections: 1. Hemolytic streptococcal infections, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, and puerperal fever. 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia. 3 No penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus infections. 4 Anthrax. 5. Clostridium bacillus infections such as tetanus and gas gangrene. 6. Syphilis (including congenital syphilis). 7. Leptospirosis. 8. Return to heat. 9. diphtheria. 10 Penicillin and aminoglycosides are used in combination to treat Streptococcus grass green endocarditis. Penicillin can also be used for treatment: 1. Meningococcal meningitis. 2. Actinomycosis. 3 gonorrhea. 4 Fenson angina. 5. Lyme disease. 6. Rat bites heat. 7. Listeria infection. 8. Many anaerobic infections other than B. fragile. Patients with rheumatic heart disease or congenital heart disease can be treated with penicillin to prevent infective endocarditis before performing oral, dental, gastrointestinal, or urogenital tract surgery.

Penicillin sodium for injection, the indication is that penicillin is suitable for various infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as abscesses, bacteremia, pneumonia, and endocarditis. Penicillin is the drug of choice for the following infections: 1. Hemolytic streptococcal infections, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, and puerperal fever. 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia. 3 No penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus infections. 4 Anthrax. 5. Clostridium bacillus infections such as tetanus and gas gangrene. 6. Syphilis (including congenital syphilis). 7. Leptospirosis. 8. Return to heat. 9. diphtheria. 10 Penicillin and aminoglycosides are used in combination to treat Streptococcus grass green endocarditis. Penicillin can also be used for treatment: 1. Meningococcal meningitis. 2. Actinomycosis. 3 gonorrhea. 4 Fenson angina. 5. Lyme disease. 6. Rat bites heat. 7. Listeria infection. 8. Many anaerobic infections other than B. fragile. Before oral, dental, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary surgery and procedures are performed in patients with rheumatic or congenital heart disease, penicillin can be used to prevent infective endocarditis.

Drug Name

Penicillin sodium for injection

Drug type

Prescription medicines, essential medicines, medicines for medical workers' injuries

Use classification

Antibiotics

Penicillin sodium for injection

The main ingredient of this product is sodium penicillin.
Chemical name: (2S, 5R, 6R) -3,3-dimethyl-6- (2-phenylacetamino) -7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] Heptane-2-formic acid sodium salt.
Chemical Structure:

Molecular formula: C ₁₆ H ₁₇ N ₂ NaO ₄ S
Molecular weight: 356.38

Traits of Penicillin Sodium for Injection

This product is white crystalline powder.

Indications for penicillin sodium for injection

Penicillin is suitable for various infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as abscesses, bacteremia, pneumonia, and endocarditis.
Among them penicillin is the drug of choice for the following infections:
1. Hemolytic streptococcal infections, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, and puerperal fever.
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia.
3 No penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus infections.
4 Anthrax.
5. Clostridium bacillus infections such as tetanus and gas gangrene.
6. Syphilis (including congenital syphilis).
7. Leptospirosis.
8. Return to heat.
9. diphtheria.
10 Penicillin and aminoglycosides are used in combination to treat Streptococcus grass green endocarditis.
Penicillin can also be used to treat:
1. Meningococcal meningitis.
2. Actinomycosis.
3 gonorrhea.
4 Fenson angina.
5. Lyme disease.
6. Rat bites heat.
7. Listeria infection.
8. Many anaerobic infections other than B. fragile.
Before oral, dental, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary surgery and procedures are performed in patients with rheumatic heart disease or congenital heart disease, penicillin can be used to prevent infective endocarditis.

Specification for Penicillin Sodium for Injection

(1) 0.48g (800,000 units)
(2) 0.6g (1 million units)
(3) 0.96g (1.6 million units)
(4) 2.4g (4 million units)

Penicillin sodium for injection

Penicillin is administered by intramuscular injection or intravenous drip.
1. Adults: intramuscular injection, 800,000 to 2 million units per day, divided into 3 to 4 times; intravenous drip: 2 million to 20 million units per day, divided into 2 to 4 times.
2. Pediatric: intramuscular injection, administered at a weight of 25,000 units / kg, once every 12 hours; intravenous drip: administered at a dose of 50,000 to 200,000 units / kg daily, divided into 2 to 4 doses.
3 Newborn (term birth): 50,000 units / kg per body weight, intramuscular injection or intravenous drip; once every 12 hours in the first week of birth, once every 8 hours for more than one week, severe infection every Once every 6 hours.
4 Premature infants: 30,000 units / kg each time, once every 12 hours in the first week of life, once every 8 hours in the 2 to 4 week period; once every 6 hours thereafter.
5. Patients with impaired renal function: Patients with mild or moderate renal impairment need not reduce the dosage with conventional doses. Those with severe renal impairment should extend the interval between doses or adjust the dosage. When the endogenous creatinine clearance rate is 10 to 50ml / min, the dosing interval is extended from 8 hours to 8-12 hours or the dosing interval is unchanged and the dose is reduced by 25%; when the endogenous creatinine clearance rate is less than 10ml / min The interval between dosing is extended to 12 to 18 hours or each dose is reduced to 25% to 50% of the normal dose without the interval between dosing.
6. For intramuscular injection, every 500,000 units of penicillin potassium are dissolved in 1ml of sterile water for injection. For more than 500,000 units, 2ml of sterile water for injection should be added. Sodium chloride injection should not be used as a solvent; the speed of administration during intravenous drip Do not exceed 500,000 units per minute to avoid central nervous system toxic reactions.

Adverse reactions of penicillin sodium for injection

1. Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions to penicillin are more common, including various rashes such as urticaria, leukopenia, interstitial nephritis, asthma attacks, and serotype reactions; occasional anaphylactic shock, once it occurs, it must be rescued locally and maintained Airway patency, oxygen inhalation, and treatment with epinephrine and glucocorticoid.
2. Toxicity: Rare, but when intravenously injecting large doses of this product or intrathecally, it can cause convulsions, muscle clonics, coma, and severe mental symptoms due to high cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations (penicillin encephalopathy). Such reactions are more common in infants, the elderly and patients with renal insufficiency.
3 Hershey reaction and treatment contradiction: When penicillin is used to treat syphilis, leptospirosis and other diseases, symptoms can be exacerbated due to the death of the pathogen, which is called Hershey's reaction. The treatment contradiction is also seen in patients with syphilis. Tissue repair is relatively slow or the fibrous tissue at the site of the lesion contracts, hindering organ function.
4 Double infection: Double infections such as penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacilli, or Candida can occur.
5. Application of large doses of penicillin sodium can lead to heart failure due to intake of large amounts of sodium salts.

Contraindication to penicillin sodium for injection

Patients with a history of penicillin allergy or a positive penicillin skin test are contraindicated.

Precautions for penicillin sodium for injection

1. Before applying this product, you need to inquire about the history of drug allergy in detail and perform a penicillin skin test. The skin test solution contains 500 units of penicillin per 1ml. Intradermal injection of 0.05 to 0.1ml. After 20 minutes, observe the results of the skin test. . Must be applied after desensitization by the user, and emergency preparations for allergic reactions should be prepared at all times.
2. People who are allergic to a penicillin may be allergic to other penicillin drugs and penicillamine. Patients with allergic diseases such as asthma, eczema, hay fever, urticaria should use this product with caution.
3 The penicillin aqueous solution is unstable at room temperature. The 20 unit / ml penicillin solution is left at 30 ° C for 24 hours, the titer is reduced by 56%, and the penicillin acid content is increased by 200 times. Therefore, this product must be prepared freshly.
4 Electrolyte should be tested regularly when using this product in large doses;
5. Interference to diagnosis:
(1) During the application of penicillin, false positives may occur in the determination of urine glucose by the copper sulfate method, while the glucose enzyme method is not affected.
(2) Intravenous infusion of this product may increase the measured value of blood sodium.
(3) This product can increase serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase.

Penicillin sodium for injection for pregnant and lactating women

Animal reproduction tests have not found that this product causes fetal damage. However, strict controlled trials have not been conducted in pregnant women to exclude the adverse effects of these drugs on the fetus, so pregnant women should only use this product when it is really necessary. A small amount of this product is secreted from breast milk. Breastfeeding women should suspend breastfeeding when taking medication.

Penicillin sodium for injection for children

This product has not been tested and there are no reliable references.

Penicillin Sodium for Injection

This product has not been tested and there are no reliable references.

Penicillin sodium for injection drug interactions

1. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides can interfere with the activity of this product, so this product should not be combined with these drugs.
2. Probenecid, aspirin, indomethacin, butasone and sulfa drugs reduce the renal tubular secretion of penicillin and prolong the serum half-life of this product. Penicillin can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
3. This product is incompatible with heavy metals, especially copper, zinc and mercury.
4. Cephalotin, lincomycin, tetracycline, vancomycin, erythromycin succinate, amphotericin B, norepinephrine, m-hydroxylamine, sodium phenytoin, hydroxazine, prochloraz are added to penicillin intravenous infusion After hydrazine, promethazine, vitamin B group, vitamin C group, etc. will appear cloudy.
5. The infusion of this product and aminoglycoside antibiotics in the same bottle can reduce the antibacterial activity of the two, so they cannot be administered in the same container.

Penicillin sodium for injection overdose

The main manifestation of drug overdose is the adverse reaction of the central nervous system, which should be discontinued in time and symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Hemodialysis clears penicillin.

Pharmacology and Toxicology of Penicillin Sodium for Injection

Penicillin has a good antibacterial effect on Streptococcus, such as hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococci that do not produce penicillinase. Moderate antibacterial effect on Enterococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Bacillus anthracis, Bovine actinomycetes, Streptococcus candida, Listeria, Leptospira and Treponema pallidum This product is sensitive. This product also has certain antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Bordetella pertussis. Other Gram-negative aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria are not sensitive to this product. This product has good antibacterial effect on Clostridium spp., Digestive streptococcus anaerobic bacteria and B. melanin producing, etc., and it has poor antibacterial effect on B. fragile.
Penicillin exerts bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin sodium for injection

After intramuscular injection, the peak drug concentration (Cmax) was reached in 0.5 hours, and the peak concentration of 1 million units (600 mg) was 20,000 units / L (12 mg / L). After intramuscular injection of 25,000 units / kg (15mg / kg) of penicillin into a newborn by weight, the average blood concentration of 0.5 to 1 hour is about 21 mg / L, and it drops to 9.6 to 19.2 mg / L after 12 hours. Adults inject 2 million units of penicillin intravenously every 2 hours or 3 million units every 3 hours, with an average blood concentration of approximately 19.2 mg / L. Intravenous injection of 5 million units (3g) of penicillin within 5 minutes. The average blood concentrations of 400 mg / L and 273 mg / L at 5 and 10 minutes after administration were reduced to 45 mg / L in 1 hour, and only 3.0 in 4 hours mg / L.
This product is widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. The concentration in the thoracic, abdominal and joint cavity fluids is about 50% of the serum concentration. This product is not easy to penetrate into the eyes, bone tissue, non-blood supply area and pus cavity, and easy to penetrate into tissues with inflammation. Penicillin can pass through the placenta. In addition to the low concentration of penicillin in the amniotic fluid of the first 3 months of pregnancy, effective therapeutic concentrations are generally available in fetal and amniotic fluid. This product is difficult to penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and the concentration in the non-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid is only 1% to 3% of the blood drug concentration. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid with inflammation can reach 5% to 30% of the blood concentration in the same period. Milk can contain a small amount of penicillin, and its concentration is 5% to 20% of the blood concentration.
The plasma protein binding rate of this product is 45% to 65%. The blood elimination half-life (t _{1 / 2} ) is about 30 minutes, and those with impaired renal function can be extended to 2.5 to 10 hours, and the elderly and newborns can also be extended. The t _{1 / 2 of} newborns is related to body weight and age. Those whose weight is less than 2 kg, the t _{1 / 2 of} babies _aged 7 and 8 to 14 days are 4.9 and 2.6 hours, respectively; those whose weight is higher than 2 kg. The t _{1 / 2 at} 7 days and 8 to 14 days were 2.6 hours and 2.1 hours, respectively.
About 19% of this product is metabolized in the liver. Under normal renal function, about 75% of the administered amount is excreted from the kidney within 6 hours. Penicillin is excreted mainly through the renal tubules. In healthy adults, only about 10% are excreted by glomerular filtration; but in newborns, penicillin is excreted mainly by glomerular filtration. There was also a small amount of penicillin excreted through the biliary tract. The concentration of bile in the bile reached 10 to 20 mg / L 2 to 4 hours after intramuscular injection of 600 mg of penicillin. Because penicillin can be destroyed by penicillinase produced by intestinal bacteria, there is no or only a small amount of penicillin in the stool. Hemodialysis can remove this product, while peritoneal dialysis cannot.

Penicillin sodium for injection storage

Keep tightly closed in a dry place.

Packaging for penicillin sodium for injection

Antibiotic glass bottles, medicinal halogenated butyl rubber stoppers, 50 bottles per box or 30 bottles per box.

Penicillin Sodium for Injection

24 months

Penicillin sodium for injection

The first supplement of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 ^[1]