What are xanthiny?
xanthins are a group of compounds that are xanthin derivatives, purine bases. These compounds are alkaloids and include common fine stimulants such as caffeine and theobromine found in chocolate. Some are used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. Xanthine is involved in human physiology and is an intermediate product in the production of uric acid. There is a genetic disorder known as xanthinuria that disrupts xanthin metabolism.
The basic chemical structure of these compounds is a purine base. It is a type of molecule that has two molten aromatic rings that contain nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen molecules. They are very common because two of these bases are part of DNA and RNA. These are Guanin and Adenin. It seems that Xanthine also finds extra -insrestrial, due to the analysis of its integration into the meteorite of Murchison found in Australia.
Xanthines acts as mild stimulants and help improve breathing. It can be used usefulfor the treatment of asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Xanthin derivatives most commonly used in medicine have a group of methyl or CH3. There are several ways of action and different drugs develop different selectivity.
These compounds also stimulate heart rate and affect the central nervous system and may have toxic side effects. For this reason, this is not the first class of drugs that are usually chosen for the treatment of asthma. Synthetic xanthins with fewer side effects have been developed. In order to reduce the chances of side effects, the intake of caffeine and chocolate should be reduced when using medicinal xanthins.
Xanthin is an important medium advanced in purine degradation and subsequently occurs in most of the fluids and tissues of the human body. Uric acid is the final product of purine disintegration and is usually excluded by the urine. Under some of the conditions, this compound can accumulate injoints to cause a painful condition called DNA.
xanthin metabolism takes place by the liver enzyme known as xanthin oxidase (xo), also known as Xanthine dehydrogenase . This enzyme performs two different reactions. It transforms Hypoxanthin, intermediate product of adenin decomposition, to Xanthin in a reversible reaction. It can also reversely transform xanthin into uric acid. The XO inhibitor, known as allopurinol, is sometimes used to treat DNA by preventing the accumulation of uric acid.
Some people have genetic disorder xanthinuria and lack the ability to produce XO. They create high concentrations of xanthin in the blood, which can lead to the accumulation of uric acid in muscles and kidneys. The kidneys can develop xanthin stones and the possibility of complete kidney failure is possible. There is no treatment for this rare condition. Patients are recommended to avoid foods that have a lot of purine, and drink a lot of fluids.