What Conditions Require a Spinal Block?

Subarachnoid block anesthesia is a commonly used anesthesia method in clinical practice. The method of injecting local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space and acting on the spinal nerve root to produce anesthesia in the corresponding part is called subarachnoid block Spinal anesthesia is called spinal anesthesia.

Subarachnoid anesthesia

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Subarachnoid anesthesia is a commonly used anesthesia method in clinical practice.

1. Spine:

(1) by

Impact on Physiology

(One)

Factors Affecting the Block Plane

(One)

(A) Posture

1.

common

1. Lower abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs, anus and

1. Central nervous system diseases, such as

(A) intraoperative complications

1. Hypotension:

(1) Reasons: The plane is too high (more than the chest 4), the sympathetic nerves are widely blocked, the blood vessels are dilated, and the returning blood is reduced.

(2) Treatment: Add 15-30mg of ephedrine to the local anesthetic when local infiltration. The veins were opened immediately before the puncture or injection into the cobweb, and a rapid infusion of 200 to 300 ml was used. If necessary, vasoconstrictors were also used.

2. Nausea and vomiting:

(1) Reasons: elevated level, decreased blood pressure, partial paralysis of intercostal muscles, respiratory depression, and transient cerebral hypoxia. Chemical irritation caused by impure anesthetic or other reasons.

(2) Treatment: Speed up the infusion to raise blood pressure, inhale oxygen in the mask, and give 2.5 mg of droperidol.

(B) postoperative complications

Headache

(1) Cause: Intracranial hypotension and chemical stimulation caused by cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

(2) Treatment: Fine needle puncture, epidural injection of 5% glucose solution 10-25ml, infusion to increase cerebrospinal fluid production, symptomatic treatment (including supine, acupuncture and analgesics).

2. Urinary retention:

(1) Cause: Overfilling due to bladder paralysis, surgical stimulation, and uncomfortable urination in the supine position.

(2) Treatment: remove the surgical stimulus and change the position of urination; long-term surgery should be indwelling the catheter to avoid bladder weakness; acupuncture treatment; when bladder weakness occurs, the indwelling catheter can be placed for tidal drainage After about a week the bladder contraction function resumed and the urinary tube was removed.

3. Low back and back pain: It may be related to puncture injury. Repeated puncture should be avoided as much as possible.