What Is a Glucometer?

A blood glucose meter, also known as a blood glucose meter, is an electronic device that measures blood sugar levels. The blood glucose meter is divided into photoelectric type and electrode type from the working principle. The electrode blood glucose meter has a more scientific test principle, and the electrode can be built in.

A blood glucose meter, also known as a blood glucose meter, is an electronic device that measures blood sugar levels. The blood glucose meter is divided into photoelectric type and electrode type from the working principle. The electrode blood glucose meter has a more scientific test principle, and the electrode can be built in.

Chinese name

Blood glucose meter

Foreign name

Blood glucose meter

Missing point

Slow measurement time

Advantages

Very accurate measurement

Blood glucose meter principle

There are two differences in the working principle of the blood glucose meter, one is the photoelectric type, and the other is the electrode type. The photoelectric blood glucose meter is similar to a CD player. It has a photoelectric head. Its advantage is that it is relatively cheap. The disadvantage is that the probe is exposed to the air and is easily susceptible to pollution. This affects the test results. ^[1] Generally, it is relatively accurate within two years. After two years, it is recommended that patients who are using photoelectric machines go to the maintenance station to do a calibration. . General hospitals have hospital representatives to perform regular maintenance, while household blood glucose meters have to go to the after-sales service department for bald head maintenance.
The electrode type test principle is more scientific. The electrode port is built in to avoid pollution. The error range is generally about plus or minus 0.5. High accuracy, no calibration required under normal use, and long life.
There are two ways for blood glucose meter to collect blood, one is wipe blood type, the other is blood sucking type. The blood-smearing machine generally takes a large amount of blood, and the patient is more painful. If there are too many blood samples, the test results will be affected. If the blood volume is insufficient, the operation will fail and the test paper will be wasted. Most of these blood glucose meters are photoelectric. Blood-sucking blood glucose meters, test strips control the measurement of blood samples by themselves, and the results will not be biased due to the problem of blood volume. The operation is convenient, just use the test strips to click the blood drops.
At present, most blood glucose meters are broken, that is, blood collection is needed. For patients who need to measure blood glucose multiple times, is there a broken blood glucose meter available, but the price is very high! In order to alleviate the pain of blood collection at the fingertips of patients, two blood glucose meters for blood collection are now available.

Blood glucose meter technology

Sugar measurement usually uses a three-electrode system in electrochemical analysis. Compared with the traditional two-electrode system, the three-electrode system includes a working electrode (WE), a reference electrode (RE), and a counter electrode (CE). The reference electrode is used to set the zero point. Current flows through the working electrode and the reference electrode to form a system with little or no current. The stability of the reference electrode potential is used to measure the electrode potential of the working electrode. The working electrode and the auxiliary electrode form a current-carrying system for measuring the current passed by the working electrode. The three-electrode measurement system was used to study the relationship between the working electrode point and current.

Blood glucose meter purchase principles

1. For most patients with diabetes, simply use a blood glucose meter to accurately measure blood glucose, and then record the measurement results. Therefore, the diabetic patients with ordinary economic conditions are still practical, and it is more appropriate to choose an economical blood glucose meter, which only costs about 4 yuan per test strip.

2. Patients with good economic conditions who wish to take advantage of the storage and analysis functions of the blood glucose meter for disease management, or patients with poor vision who need to display results on a large screen, and patients who have difficulty operating and need a blood glucose meter to directly indicate the main points Optional multi-function blood glucose meter.

3. Patients with multiple metabolic abnormalities who need to monitor multiple indicators at the same time and have more economic conditions can choose a luxury blood glucose meter.

It should be pointed out that the blood glucose test strips of various types of blood glucose meters are not universal, so patients must purchase test strips that conform to the model according to their own blood glucose meter models in order to accurately perform the detection function.

Therefore, if the financial situation permits, it is best to have a blood glucose meter at home. In particular, patients with gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes, large blood glucose fluctuations, having used an insulin pump, undergoing intensive insulin therapy, or are often prone to undetectable hypoglycemia, must have a blood glucose meter at home to monitor blood glucose closely. In order to use the blood glucose meter correctly, patients also need to be trained in basic knowledge of diabetes, the significance of monitoring, how to look at the analysis results, and learn about insulin injections.

Blood glucose meter measurement method

Chemical colorimetry

Principle: The early blood glucose meter used the glucose oxidase colorimetric method. After the test paper reacted with the blood, the color was changed. After the time, the blood drops were wiped out and put into the blood glucose meter to measure the blood glucose value by measuring chromatography.

Advantages: Faster measurement and less blood than biochemical analyzer.

Disadvantages: Earlier technologies, mostly modern electrode measurement, use less blood and measure faster, so the chemical colorimetry market has been basically eliminated, and the only model is the Johnson & Johnson steady type.

Glucose Oxidase

Principle: Blood glucose is measured by measuring the amount of current generated by the reaction of glucose in blood with glucose oxidase in a test strip. Most of the mainstream models on the market are glucose oxidase measurement methods.

Advantages: Faster (less than 30 seconds) and less blood (5 microliters or less) compared to biochemical and chemical measurements

Various appearances of blood glucose meters (5 photos)

under).

Disadvantages: Because the oxygen content in the air is much larger than the hydrogen content, the test paper is more susceptible to air than the dehydrogenase method, so it is required to be stored more strictly in a closed and dry environment. Generally, after the test paper is removed from the container, It should be used within 5 minutes, otherwise it is more likely to be inaccurate due to the moisture of the test strip. Generally, the barrel test strip should be opened and the test strip should be closed immediately after taking out the test strip, and the test strip should be used up within 3 months after opening. .

Glucose dehydrogenase electrode measurement method FAD-Glucose dehydrogenase

Principle: Blood glucose is measured by measuring the amount of current generated by the reaction of glucose in blood with glucose dehydrogenase in a test strip.

Advantages: In addition to the advantages of oxidase, it is specific to glucose, not affected by oxygen, easy to save, and can be used until the end of the pot life after opening.

Disadvantages: slight reaction to xylose.

Glucose dehydrogenase electrode measurement method PQQ-Glucos dehydrogenase

Principle: Blood glucose is measured by measuring the amount of current generated by the reaction of glucose in blood with glucose dehydrogenase in a test strip. There are mainly Roche superior, risutan, and Omron 215.

Advantages: In addition to the advantages of oxidase, due to the lack of hydrogen in the air, he also overcomes the shortcomings of oxidase that is not easy to save. Generally, it can be used until the end of the validity period after opening.

Disadvantages: In addition to reacting with glucose in the blood, dehydrogenase also reacts with maltose, galactose, and xylose in the blood. Therefore, patients taking the above-mentioned sugars are likely to produce false blood glucose when measured by the dehydrogenation method. Therefore, general hospitals do not recommend using dehydrogenation for measurement.

Glucose meter accurate measurement

As a diabetic patient, monitoring blood glucose to understand blood glucose changes in the body can affect our entire treatment. How much error is acceptable is often the focus of attention. A number of data from the World Health Organization and the United States Food and Drug Administration indicate that the test error of the blood glucose meter is within 20%, and will not affect the patient's treatment plan. For example: three consecutive blood glucose measurements, respectively 6.4mmol / l 5.5 mmol / l 5.9 mmol / l. Although the numbers are not the same, it can be seen that blood glucose is well controlled and there is no need to change the treatment plan.

This is a characteristic common to all blood glucose meters, not a problem of a certain brand or a certain blood glucose meter. Patients often encounter the problem of inconsistent measurement results between different brands or the same brand of blood glucose meters. In fact, these are normal, because the results of fast blood glucose meters are range values, and the results of each measurement usually have some The difference, but the difference will not be too big, the error between the rapid blood glucose meter and the biochemical meter venous blood glucose is less than 20% are accurate. Some patients have problems understanding the data measured by the instrument, and believe that the measurement data of the blood glucose meter should pass. The blood glucose measured by the vein is the same. If the two values are different, the quality of the product will be a problem. But in fact, whether it is a home blood glucose meter or a hospital blood glucose meter, the measured value will not be the same every time. It should be said that a blood glucose meter with an error value within ± 10% is very good, and generally requires that the error does not exceed ± 20%, there is no absolute right in this question, only relatively correct. Of course, some wrong methods in the measurement will artificially affect the accuracy of the results.

Blood glucose meter error

Blood glucose meter codes are inconsistent

Before testing, the code displayed on the blood glucose meter should be the same as the code on the test strip package. Note that each instrument has its own corresponding test strip, which cannot be used with other types of instruments. Test strip codes come in various forms. Please read the instructions for details when purchasing a blood glucose meter.

Glucose test strip expired

At the time of purchase and before use, pay attention to check the expiration date on the test strip package box. Do not use expired test strips to avoid affecting the test results. Insert the expired test strip into the instrument, and the instrument will automatically prompt the test strip to expire.

Improper storage of blood glucose meter test strips

Many detection errors are caused by deterioration of test strips. The principle of some blood glucose meters for measuring blood glucose is that the enzyme (oxidase or hexokinase) on the blood glucose test strip reacts with the glucose in the blood and displays the color. The blood glucose meter distinguishes and displays the reading. The blood glucose meter itself is less likely to fail, but the test strip will be affected by the temperature, humidity, chemical substances, etc. of the test environment, so the preservation of the test strip is very important. To avoid moisture, store in a dry, cool, dark place, and keep it tightly closed after use; store test strips in the original box, and do not store them in other containers. Do not touch the test area of the test strip with your fingers. Blood glucose test strips are made of oxidase, and the storage time is shorter than other test strips. Pay special attention to storage.

Blood glucose meter is not operating properly

Improper operation may cause the test to fail or the measured value to be inaccurate. The operation procedures of all kinds of blood glucose meters are similar. When patients are tested, they must first read the instructions in detail and correctly grasp the operation methods of blood glucose meters. Common incorrect operations are: 1. The test strip is not fully inserted into the bottom of the test hole during the test. 2. Some instruments drop blood first, and then insert the test strip into the blood glucose meter. If you wait more than two minutes after the blood is dripped before inserting the test strip into the test hole, the test result will be inaccurate. Test again with a new test strip. 3. Movement of the test strip during testing will also affect the test results, so the glucose meter should be used in a stable and safe place.

Glucose meter residual alcohol

Alcohol can react with the chemicals on the test strips and cause inaccurate blood glucose values. In addition, when the needle is inserted when the alcohol has not completely evaporated, the pain will increase. Therefore, the blood should be taken after the alcohol has evaporated.

Improper blood collection by blood glucose meter

Insufficient blood collection during the test may cause the test to fail or the measured result to be low, and the test strip needs to be replaced and re-measured. If the blood drops are too large, they will overflow the measurement area and affect the measurement results. The method for confirming the proper blood droplet size is: use a new test strip to drop a drop of blood in the test area, and confirm that the "blood volume confirmation dot" on the back of the test strip completely changes color. In addition, measurement results may be affected due to poor circulation of the extremities, poor blood flow, or excessive compression during blood collection. 2. Most blood glucose meters on the market cannot collect blood from multiple parts, so they should be operated according to the instructions. Generally, blood from the fingers is used.

Blood glucose meter is not clean

When testing blood glucose, it is often contaminated by dust, fibers, and debris in the environment. Especially when the blood is contaminated by the instrument's test area when it is not tested, the test results will be affected. Therefore, the blood glucose meter should be regularly checked, cleaned and calibrated. Be careful when cleaning the test area. Do not use alcohol or other organic solvents when wiping to avoid damage to the instrument. You can use a cotton swab or a soft cloth dipped in water to wipe.

Glucometer is not calibrated

Glucose meter calibration uses simulated blood glucose solution (supplied with the instrument when purchased) to check whether the glucose meter and test strip are working properly with each other. The simulated blood glucose solution contains a known concentration of glucose and can react with test strips.

The situations that need to be calibrated for the blood glucose meter are: 1. The first use of a newly purchased blood glucose meter. 2. Each time a new bottle of test strip is used. 3. If you suspect a problem with the meter or test strip. 4. When the test result does not reflect the physical condition you feel (for example, if you feel symptoms of hypoglycemia, but the measured blood glucose result is high). 5. After the blood glucose meter falls.

Care should be taken when calibrating the blood glucose meter: 1. Do not use the expired simulated blood glucose solution; 2. The simulated blood glucose solution is valid for three months after opening the bottle, so the expiration date should be indicated after the first use of the bottle, and three months later The bottle of simulation liquid is discarded; 3. It is not suitable to store the simulated blood glucose solution in an environment with a temperature exceeding 30 ° C, and it is not suitable to refrigerate or freeze; Do not continue to use the meter for the time being, and find out the cause in time.

Low blood glucose meter

After using the blood glucose meter for a period of time, if the word low battery is displayed on the display screen during the test, it is considered that the battery power is insufficient, and the new battery should be replaced in time.

Glucometer other factors

For example, hematocrit in blood, triglyceride concentration, hypotension, hypoxia, certain drugs, etc.

Glucometer error standard

If the error of the fast blood glucose meter is within 20%, it is generally considered that it will not affect the change of treatment measures and is therefore acceptable. Therefore, the World Health Organization's requirement for blood glucose meter error is within 20%.

The national standard GB / T 19634-2005 of the blood glucose meter issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine stipulates that the deviation of 95% of the results measured by the blood glucose meter meets the following requirements to consider the blood glucose meter as qualified:

When the test range is less than or equal to 4.2mmol / L, the allowable deviation does not exceed plus or minus 0.83mmol / L

Test range is greater than 4.2mmol / L. Allowable deviation does not exceed plus or minus 20%.

Difference between batches of blood glucose test strips

Key technology of blood glucose meter

Stability (CV value, coefficient of variation): Stability is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of blood glucose meters. Because the relative error of the blood glucose meter is relatively large, for example, blood glucose is 10, 8 or 12 can be considered accurate according to national standards. However, if these two results are measured by a machine, it indicates that the stability of the machine is not good. The poor stability will make the measurer confused, and it is difficult to effectively guide the patient to take a treatment plan. Therefore, the stability of the blood glucose meter is very important. A stable blood glucose meter indicates that the stability of the test paper enzyme is good. Therefore, the more advanced the culture enzyme technology, the better the stability of the product.

Accuracy (SD value, standard deviation, correlation coefficient): As long as the test paper has good stability, you can adjust the password to make the measured value as close as possible to the standard value, which is the so-called calibration. The premise of accuracy is stability. There is no stability. It is impossible to talk about accuracy at all. The calibration standards and technologies of different manufacturers will be different. Products with good accuracy represent that the manufacturers have good calibration technology.

Set password technology: Because it is a biochemical product, the culture process of glucose oxidase (hereinafter referred to as enzyme) is very complicated, so the characteristics of each batch of enzymes will be different, so the current generated will be slightly different. In order to make each batch The test strip measurement results can be as close as possible to the standard value. Researchers will set a password to adjust the difference between different batches of test strips to make each batch of test strips as close to the standard value as possible, so it is important to set the correct password. Manufacturer's culture enzyme and coding technology are different, so it will affect the quality of each product.

Lot-to-lot difference: Due to the strict environmental requirements of the blood glucose test strip production process, manufacturers will use calibration to make the measured value as close to the standard value as possible, but the difference between different batches of test strips is definitely better than the same batch of test strips The difference between them is larger, which is the difference between batches; that is, the stability of the same batch of test strips is generally better than the stability between different batches. Our national standard requires that the difference between batches is not greater than 15 %.

Temperature compensation technology: Since the enzyme is active, the activity of the enzyme generally does not change much above 20 degrees, and below 20 degrees, the lower the temperature, the worse the activity. If the activity is deteriorated, the current generated when reacting with glucose will be smaller, which will cause the measurement result to be lower. In order to measure the accurate blood glucose value at different temperatures, the R & D personnel will use the thermistor based on the real-time temperature situation. Adjust the resistance value of the instrument so that the enzyme and the blood can produce a current matching the blood glucose value at different temperatures as much as possible, and then obtain the correct blood glucose value. This is the temperature compensation of the blood glucose meter. Due to the different formulations of blood glucose test enzymes from various manufacturers, each company will set the temperature compensation parameters according to the characteristics of each test paper enzyme. However, it is difficult to grasp the characteristics of the enzymes, resulting in uneven temperature compensation effects. In general, The closer the results measured under different temperature environments, the more advanced the temperature compensation technology of the manufacturer's products.

Applicable temperature: Because enzymes are affected by temperature, blood glucose can be measured only under certain temperature conditions. The temperature compensation technology of various manufacturers can determine the stability of high and low temperature, as well as the applicable temperature width of the blood glucose meter. The temperature of the blood glucose meter is slightly different, generally 10-40 degrees.

Status of core technologies in the industry

The above six technologies are the core and key technologies in the blood glucose meter industry. The quality of each manufacturer's product mainly depends on the above. There is a large gap between the above-mentioned technologies of domestic brands and imported brands. This is the price of most domestic brand test strips. Imported manufacturers account for about half, but sales are far less important than international manufacturers, and almost all medical institutions use products imported brands, indicating that there is still a large gap between domestic products and imported products.

In fact, it is not difficult to make one or two batches of test strips with good stability and accuracy. The difficulty is that each batch of test strips has good stability and accuracy. In fact, each factory, including large international manufacturers, also It is difficult to absolutely guarantee that every time is good. For example, Johnson & Johnson recalled multiple batches of test strips in the world due to incorrect coding of test strips in 2005. The technical difference between manufacturers lies in this. Most of the stability of international manufacturers can be controlled. Within 5%, the accuracy rate can be controlled above 95%, but small factories and domestic products can hardly reach the above level.

In short, the core technology of the rapid blood glucose monitoring system is relatively complicated, and the technical differences between the factories can only be said who has a better grasp of this technology. No one has absolute grasp of all the core technologies. Everyone is constantly During the exploration, the Johnson & Johnson calibration event in 2005 and the Roche U.S. FDA event in 2007 showed that even the world's top companies have no absolute confidence in fast blood glucose detection technology. These big companies still do so, then the situation of those small factories can be imagined Already.

Blood glucose meter other technology

Blood volume : refers to the blood volume used to measure blood glucose, generally between 0.5-10 microliters. The amount of blood used will affect the patient's pain, and blood is also very precious.

Measurement time : The time from the reaction to the result, usually between 5-30 seconds, the measurement speed will affect the detection efficiency.

Measurement methods : venous blood drawing method, chemical colorimetric method, electrode method, the electrode method is the most advanced.

Measurement range : blood glucose may be too low or too high, and the measurement range is usually 3 to 30 mmol / l.

Test paper packaging : Generally available in barrels and single pieces, barreled test papers are susceptible to environmental influences after opening the barrel, and will generally be invalid after 3 months of use. The single-piece package is generally packed in aluminum foil. Only the test strips used in each test are unsealed separately. The remaining unopened can be used until the expiration date. Some products can be stored for up to 24 months.

Blood taking method : drip type, blood sucking type, the reaction area of the drip type test strip cannot be touched, and the blood volume is not well controlled (unconstant blood volume will affect the measurement value), which is backward; the siphon type uses the capillary principle to automatically suck blood and use blood The volume is small, the blood volume is constant, and the reaction area can be touched, which is more advanced.

Blood glucose meter operation method

The operation of the blood glucose meter is basically divided into five steps:

Step 1: Turn on the power, partly press the power switch directly, and partly insert the test paper to turn on automatically.

Step 2: Encoding adjustment. There are three ways to adjust the blood glucose meter coding:

Manually enter the test strip calibration code such as risutan blood glucose meter, Johnson's blood glucose meter;

Insert the code chip into the machine to automatically record the test strip correction code such as Roche Vitality Blood Glucose Meter and Aintan Blood Glucose Meter.

No code adjustment, no need to manually or insert the chip, the instrument automatically recognizes such as Bayer Bayanje 2, Aike Leshu blood glucose meter

The third step: blood collection and blood sampling: The blood collection can be performed directly by using a blood collection pen provided with the blood glucose meter, and then the blood drops are leaned into the test strip, and most of the test strip is siphoned.

Step 4: Display the results: After the blood is sucked, a countdown will be displayed to show the test results. It ranges from five to 30 seconds.

Step 5: Complete the test and shut down. The mainstream blood glucose meter pulls off the test strip and automatically turns off. Some early products also need to turn off the power button. Shutting down reduces battery consumption and machine wear.

How to choose a blood glucose meter

With the increasing number of diabetic patients, and because of the complications of various organs and tissues in diabetic patients, diabetic patients are located in various departments of the hospital, then the nursing staff is facing a problem of monitoring the patient's blood glucose, how to choose among a wide variety of blood glucose meters A blood glucose meter suitable for the department is a concern for every head nurse.

When it comes to monitoring blood glucose, blood glucose test strips have to be mentioned. In the face of Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Abbott, and even domestic brands, we must first understand which principle is used to obtain blood glucose values for each blood glucose meter and test strip. In fact, most of the blood glucose test strips on the market use enzyme technology, so here we have to talk about glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase.

Glucose oxidase, which has strong specificity for glucose, does not react with maltose, lactose, and galactose in the blood. But as its name implies, it works through "oxygen", so its reaction process must be affected by "oxygen". The "oxygen" mentioned here is not only the "oxygen" in the air, but also the "oxygen" in the blood. "Oxygen", so in some cases, the measurement will be biased: after the test paper is unsealed, it will easily react with oxygen in the air. Generally, it can only be used for 3 months after opening. And it should not be put together with volatile substances such as alcohol, which will easily oxidize the test paper and affect the accuracy of the measurement. Patients with low blood oxygen saturation such as asthma, smoking, emphysema, respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various cardiovascular diseases, as well as patients after strenuous exercise, if using glucose oxidase test strips will cause the test The result is low.

Glucose dehydrogenase, it is not affected by "oxygen", so the test paper will not be oxidized by "oxygen" in the air. After the test paper is opened, the indicated expiration date can be used, and the measurement results will not be affected by blood oxygen saturation. Impact. However, the specificity of glucose dehydrogenase to glucose is relatively poor, and it is more susceptible to the influence of maltose, lactose, and galactose in the blood, resulting in higher measured values. Therefore, the glucose dehydrogenase test strip should be used carefully in the following situations: 1. Patients with intravenous immunoglobulin or human immunoglobulin. 2. Patients with galactosemia. 3. Patients who receive maltose injections intravenously. After understanding the characteristics of these two enzymes, we can choose the appropriate blood glucose test strip according to the situation of the patient in the department. I hope the above little knowledge can help you, the nurses, and even nurses have some reference in the choice of blood glucose meter.

Blood glucose meter maintenance method

1. When the blood glucose meter and blood glucose meter test strips are not in use, please put them in the blood glucose tester bag for easy storage or carrying.
2. If there is a foreign matter on the surface of the blood glucose meter, do not use strong corrosive alcohol, gasoline, etc .; use a neutral detergent to wipe. For example, wipe with a cotton cloth moistened (not wet) with water or alcohol.
3. Do not allow any liquid to enter the tester, and do not use a blower to blow the tester.
4. Do not clean the slot of the test strip at will.
5. If the instrument is not working properly or has been damaged, please suspend use and do not disassemble it by yourself.
6. Use the tester carefully. Heavy pressure or huge vibration may damage the internal electronic performance of the instrument.
7. Do not clean the test strip slot at will.
8. Do not store in an environment that is too humid, hot, or cold. The blood glucose meter should be kept away from dust, the temperature should not be too high, and the humidity should not be too high. Prevent violent oscillations and collisions. ^[2]

Blood glucose meter test strip

Blood glucose test strips should be placed in a dry, +10 and +40 degrees temperature. Do not put it in the bathroom or kitchen, and do not put it in the refrigerator. These places are extremely vulnerable to moisture. If it has been put in the refrigerator, the sealed test paper tube needs to be slowly warmed at room temperature before use until it reaches room temperature. Do not remove the test paper before the test paper tube reaches room temperature, otherwise condensation may form in the test paper tube. Patients living in some relatively humid places (such as the south) should pay attention to: Each time a strip of test paper is taken out, the sealing cap of the test paper tube should be immediately closed to prevent the test paper from getting wet; If possible, try to buy blood glucose test strips in individual packages.

Blood glucose meter

The hospital's biochemical analyzer has stricter procedures and quality control standards for testing venous glucose, and is relatively accurate. The diagnosis of diabetes is based on venous blood glucose, which cannot be used as a basis for diagnosing diabetes. Because the accuracy of the blood glucose meter is affected by temperature, humidity, and its own stability and sensitivity, the measured blood glucose value may be different from the venous plasma blood glucose measured by the biochemical meter. Some blood glucose meters measure large fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Taking the blood glucose meter to the hospital and comparing it with the biochemical test is a method that can be combined with the standard blood glucose meter test process (see point 5); check the glycated hemoglobin in March-March and evaluate the blood glucose control situation to minimize the possible error .

Blood glucose meter disinfection

Before the test, the skin preparation of the finger is recommended to wash the finger with warm water and soap, or disinfect with an alcohol swab. Both methods are acceptable. The American Diabetes Association recommends washing hands with soap and running water as a preparation for the skin before the blood test. But no matter which method must be remembered: the fingers must be taken in a dry state, that is, the fingers must be dried after being washed with warm water and soap. After the alcohol is sterilized, wait for the alcohol to completely evaporate before piercing with a blood drawing pen. Fingers to ensure accurate measurement.

It should be emphasized that it is not appropriate to use iodine-containing disinfectants (such as iodophor, iodine wine) to disinfect the skin. The blood glucose monitoring system based on the principle of glucose oxidase (including the blood glucose meter based on the electrode method and the photochemical method), the iodine in iodine and iodine can react with the enzyme in the blood glucose test strip, causing errors. This is because: the blood glucose meter based on the electrode method is when the whole blood drops to the reaction zone of the test strip, the blood glucose in the sample reacts with the chemical substrate (enzyme) to generate a current, and the blood glucose is calculated by detecting the strength of the current content. Iodine and enzymes can also react, thereby disturbing the value of the current and causing deviations in blood glucose. The blood glucose meter based on the photochemical method reflects the blood glucose value by detecting the color change of the test strip during the reaction. Iodine can interfere with the color change through the above chemical reaction and its own color, thereby affecting the accuracy of the blood glucose value.

Blood glucose meter test attention

Try to be at room temperature;

Avoid placing the instrument near electromagnetic fields (such as mobile phones, microwave ovens, etc.);

Do not take too much or too little blood (especially the photochemical blood glucose meter).

Blood glucose meter

1.The blood glucose meter is only used for blood measurement;

2. Do not place in a place exposed to direct sunlight or high temperature and humidity, do not drop the machine to the ground and avoid collision, do not disassemble or repair or modify the body or wristband of the blood pressure monitor by yourself;

3. The blood glucose meter must be used with the same brand of test strips, and cannot be mixed. Do not distribute test strips and use them within 3 months after opening (note that they are within the expiration date). Some blood glucose test strips are different for each batch. You need to enter the barcode number of the new test strip into the instrument before changing, otherwise it will affect the test results;

4.Do not use mobile phones or other equipment that generates electromagnetic interference near this product;

5. Please use No. 7 manganese or alkaline dry batteries (2 sections), do not use other batteries, and do not mix new and old batteries, different types of batteries! Remove the dry batteries when not in use for a long time (more than 1 month);

6. Sterilize with alcohol before testing, and take blood after the alcohol is dry to prevent alcohol from mixing into the blood. Can not be disinfected with iodine, because iodine will chemically react with the test agent on the test strip, affecting the accuracy of the test;

7. The patient makes self-judgment through the measurement results. Self-treatment is very dangerous. Please do not diagnose by yourself or change your medical treatment behavior without the permission of the physician;

8. The amount of blood drawn must be sufficient to completely cover the test strip test area. When taking blood, it is found that the amount of blood is small and the fingers cannot be squeezed, otherwise the interstitial fluid will be mixed and the blood glucose concentration will be disturbed. To ensure sufficient blood collection, you can soak your hands in warm water before drooping for 30 seconds. In addition, when piercing, press the needle once and eject it, so as not to pierce too shallowly;

9. Do not touch the test strip when your hands are wet or dirty. Immediately after taking out the test strips to be used, close the lid and use them within the validity period. The test paper should be kept in a dry and dark place;

10. Keep the instrument and test strips out of the reach of children. Do not consume the desiccant in the test paper jar.

Blood glucose meter attention

It is very painful to choose the blood collection point in the middle of the finger. It is generally recommended that the blood collection point is on the side of the finger, where the nerve distribution is less than the middle of the finger, and the pain is lighter. But don't get too close to the edge of the nail, it is not easy to disinfect and it is not easy to squeeze blood. Blood sampling points can be selected by rotating ten fingers. Most people choose the other eight fingers except the thumb. You can wash your hands with warm water before you take blood, and your arms can be plumped, which can make blood collection easier. After the lancet pierces the finger, lightly squeeze the blood from the direction of the finger toward the finger end (blood collection point). Do not squeeze the blood strongly, otherwise the squeezed plasma and tissue fluid account for a large proportion, affecting accuracy. What to do if it does not bleed or there is less blood? It may be related to the following reasons: The circulation of the tip (finger) is poor. Wash your hands with warm water and hang your arms. The depth of blood collection is not enough, and the blood collection pen has different scales. You must know which scale is suitable for your blood collection and then "start". The technique of squeezing blood is not mastered. In addition to the above-mentioned "light exertion", the force of the squeeze should be at least 0.5cm above the blood collection point. When the blood is squeezed, the skin at the bleeding point can be seen to be congested. If the blood is squeezed too close to the bleeding point, and the blood vessels are "squashed", how can the blood be squeezed out?

Glucometer maintenance clean

The blood glucose meter should be stored in a dry and clean place, and it can be stored at normal room temperature. Avoid beating and getting wet, and keep it away from children and pets. The blood glucose meter is allowed to work at a temperature of 10 to 40 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 20% to 80%. Too cold, too hot, and too humid will affect its accuracy. When testing blood sugar, it will inevitably be contaminated by dust, fibers, and debris in the environment. Especially the blood smeared on it during testing will affect the test results. Therefore, the machine should be cleaned and maintained regularly to remove blood stains and cloth. Dust and dust. When cleaning, use a soft cloth dipped in clean water. Do not wash with detergent or infiltrate the blood glucose meter, and do not immerse the glucose meter in water or rinse with water to avoid damage. Pay attention to the cleaning of the test area. Do not use organic solvents such as alcohol when wiping to avoid damaging the optical parts. Care should be taken to store the test strips in a dry and cool place. Do not touch the test area of the test strips each time and pay attention to its expiration date.

Choosing the right glucose meter

The blood glucose test of diabetics is a key link in the treatment of diabetes. Accurate blood glucose self-monitoring is the key to achieve good blood glucose control. An accurate blood glucose value can provide doctors and patients with guidance and reference value for medication care. To implement accurate blood glucose monitoring, we must first choose a high-precision blood glucose meter, and choose a high-precision blood glucose meter from the following two aspects:

First: check the "quality" of the blood glucose meter itself

According to the experts of the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Materia Medica, there are five steps to understand the quality of the instrument.

The first step: see if quality is guaranteed. Find out if your blood glucose meter is certified by some authority: such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Union (CE). This kind of blood glucose meter has quality assurance.

Step 2: Look at the convenience of the blood glucose meter. The fewer steps the blood glucose meter has to perform, the fewer errors are caused by improper operation.

Step 3: Pay attention to the pain of blood collection. Choose a blood glucose meter with low blood collection volume and multiple blood collection sites, with less pain, so that the patient's fear of blood collection can be relieved, and emotional fluctuations can be avoided. The accuracy of measurement with such an instrument will be higher.

Step 4: Learn more about the measuring principle of the blood glucose meter. The probe head of traditional optical blood glucose meter is exposed to the air, it is easy to be polluted, it should be checked regularly, cleaned and maintained. However, the blood glucose meter using the bioelectrochemical method can be cleaned and maintained frequently.

Step 5: Finally, you should understand the technology used in the test strip. One is the technology of chemical reaction between test strips and blood glucose. For example, the test paper using glucose dehydrogenase technology is not easy to oxidize with the oxygen in the air, and the degree of interference during storage and use is small. The second is the start-up technology of the test strip to the instrument. In the past, insufficient blood was collected from the test strips, and the blood glucose meter was also activated, and the measured results would be biased. Patients should choose a test strip with the characteristics of "no blood volume is not activated".

Second: pay attention to the "humanized" characteristics of blood glucose meters

Errors in blood glucose monitoring are also related to incorrect use. Therefore, if the blood glucose meter can overcome some artificial errors as much as possible through some technical means, such a blood glucose meter is a truly accurate and human blood glucose meter.

Problems caused by irregular blood collection often occur. Some blood glucose meters may not be collected properly due to improper operation of the patient and the test strip is separated from the blood droplets. It may be necessary to take a second blood sample, but the device has been started, which may affect the reliability of the measurement results. And some other blood glucose meters such as Omron s test strips have the function of adding blood volume, and the insufficient blood volume will not start. In addition, the amount of blood collected will also affect the accuracy of the measurement. Some patients use blood glucose meters that require a large amount of blood. When I found that my blood collection was insufficient, I would desperately squeeze my fingers to replenish the blood volume, which caused a large amount of tissue fluid to be squeezed into the blood, which also greatly affected the accuracy of the measurement. , Can well avoid the problem of inaccurate measurement.

Glucose Meter Development Trend

So far, the blood glucose meter has experienced five stages of development in technology. The first three generations basically used the light reflection method to measure blood glucose concentration, and the fourth and fifth generations mainly relied on electrochemical methods. At present, domestic mainstream blood glucose meters use electrochemical methods. Compared with the fourth generation, the fifth generation has made some improvements in details such as micro blood collection and multi-site blood collection. It is true that there is a tendency for homogenization of blood glucose meters in the current market, and the basic functions are not much different. But how to measure more finely and make it easier for patients to use has always been the goal pursued by all enterprises. Mobile Internet, dynamic blood glucose monitoring, and non-invasive blood glucose monitoring are the three main directions for the development of current blood glucose meters. The mobile blood glucose meter makes full use of mobile internet technology and combines mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets to give real-time analysis results and store them in the cloud for doctors and self-monitoring. The mobile blood glucose meter product is connected to the mobile phone through the headphone jack. The test results will be stored and processed by the mobile phone software.