What Is a Leg Splint?

The lower limb muscles (musclesoflowerlimb) are divided into pelvic girdle muscles, thigh muscles, calf muscles, and foot muscles. The lower limb muscles are stronger and stronger than the upper limb muscles, which is related to maintaining the human body in an upright posture, supporting weight, and walking, running, and jumping. The hip, thigh, calf, and foot muscles are collectively called the lower limb muscles. Because the lower limb muscles support the body and have the function of moving the body, it has the following characteristics: the muscles are relatively strong, the fascia is strong, and the bone surface is large; Therefore, the muscles of the limbs have no effect; the muscles of the hips and calves are developed to fit the human body upright; some of the muscles behind the calves, with long tendons ending at the soles of the feet, play an important role in maintaining the arch of the foot. A general term for hip, thigh, calf, and foot muscles. The hip muscles can make the thighs extend and rotate outwards; the thigh muscles can make the knees straight; the calf muscles can lift the heel when they contract; the foot muscles can maintain the arch of the foot.

The lower limb muscles (musclesoflowerlimb) are divided into pelvic girdle muscles, thigh muscles, calf muscles, and foot muscles. The lower limb muscles are stronger and stronger than the upper limb muscles, which is related to maintaining the human body in an upright posture, supporting weight, and walking, running, and jumping. The hip, thigh, calf, and foot muscles are collectively called the lower limb muscles. Because the lower limb muscles support the body and have the function of moving the body, it has the following characteristics: the muscles are relatively strong, the fascia is strong, and the bone surface is large; Therefore, the muscles of the limbs have no effect; the muscles of the hips and calves are developed to fit the human body upright; some of the muscles behind the calves, with long tendons ending at the soles of the feet, play an important role in maintaining the arch of the foot. A general term for hip, thigh, calf, and foot muscles. The hip muscles can make the thighs extend and rotate outwards; the thigh muscles can make the knees straight; the calf muscles can lift the heel when they contract; the foot muscles can maintain the arch of the foot.

Chinese name

Lower limb muscles

Foreign name

musclesoflowerlimb

Definition

Muscle tissue of lower limb

Function

Maintain human body upright, weight bearing, and walking

Lower limb muscle anatomy

General term for lower limb skeletal muscle. Can be divided into hip muscles, thigh muscles, calf muscles and foot muscles. The anterior group of hip muscles is mainly the iliopsoas muscle, which can flex the hip joint; the posterior group is located at the buttocks, with a strong gluteus maximus muscle on the shallow side, a gluteus medius muscle, and a gluteal muscle and a piriformis muscle inside. The gluteus maximus originates from the back of the sacrum and the sacrum. The muscle fibers slant outward and stop behind the upper end of the femur. The main role is to extend the hip joint and also to rotate the hip joint. The anterior thigh muscle group is also called the extensor muscle group. There are quadriceps muscles, with the four heads starting from the sacrum and the femur. The four heads meet to form a strong quadriceps tendon that surrounds the front and sides of the sacrum. The inferior patellar ligament stops at the tibial tuberosity, and the main role is to extend the knee joint. The sartorius muscle can flex hips and knees. The thigh muscle group is also called the flexor muscle group: it includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and hemimenis muscles, which collectively start from the ischial tuberosity and stop at the upper end of the tibia and fibula through the hip and knee joints. The role of knee flexion. The medial thigh muscle group, also called the adductor muscle group, includes gracilis, pubis, long adductor, short adductor, and adductor adductor. It functions as adductor hip joint. The anterior group of calf muscles includes the tibialis anterior muscle, toe long extensor, and long hallux extensor, all of which can make the dorsiflexion of the foot. In the rear group, the calf triceps is synthesized by the superficial gastrocnemius muscle and the deep soleus muscle. The gastrocnemius muscle starts from the medial and lateral heads behind the lower end of the femur, the soleus muscle starts from the tibia, and behind the upper end of the fibula, the two muscles stop at the calcaneus with a strong Achilles tendon.

Physiological functions of lower limb muscles

The lower limb muscles mainly have the effect of lifting the heel to make plantar flexion. In addition, there are flexor hallucis longus, flexor toe flexor, and posterior tibialis. The calf lateral group has long peroneus and short peroneus. The plantar muscles are similar to the hand muscles, and can be divided into inner groups, middle groups, and outer groups. They have the functions of flexing the toes and maintaining the arch of the foot.

Lower limb muscle and lower limb muscle related diseases

Lower limb fractures include thigh fractures and calf fractures. It often occurs under direct blows from violence, falls during sports, falls from heights, vehicle crashes, etc.

Emergency measures

A thigh fracture is a fracture of the femur, which is the largest long bone in the body. When the femur is broken, the lower limbs cannot move and cannot stand and walk. The fracture is severely swollen and painful, and deformities such as shortened limbs or angled limbs can also occur. If the fracture is not treated in time, it can cause serious complications such as major bleeding and nerve damage. Bandaging must be performed quickly and clearly. If the femoral fracture is an open fracture, it is often associated with damage to the aorta, causing major bleeding, and effective hemostasis must be performed. It is advisable to use a tourniquet to ligation and stop bleeding if necessary. For femoral fracture fixation, use a long splint (the length should span the ankle and pelvis of the injured limb) on the outside of the injured limb, and a short splint (length from the perineum to the ankle) on the inside of the injured limb. A bandage or a long towel is wrapped around the injured limb at the waist, thigh roots, knees, and ankles. When there is no splint, the injured limb can be fixed on the healthy limb with a triangle towel or bandage.

The calf has tibia and fibula. Sometimes it is a tibia or fibula fracture, and sometimes it is a double tibia or fibula fracture. The tibia is thicker than the fibula and plays a major supporting role. Therefore, simple tibial fractures or double bone fractures are more serious. After fracture of the tibia and fibula, the lower leg was swollen and painful. The patient could not stand, and sometimes the limbs shortened and deformity occurred. Calf fractures are open fractures in many cases.

Fractures of tibia and fibula should be treated according to the general emergency principles of fracture, including hemostasis, bandaging and fixation.

When tibia and fibula (calf bone) fractures are fixed, place two splints on the inner and outer sides of the injured limb respectively. The splints should span the ankle and knee joints. Use long straps at both ends of the splint to separate the injured limb and splint Bandage fixed. When there is no splint, a long strap can be used to fix the injured limb to the healthy side.

After the lower limb fracture is fixed, you can find some cotton and clothing and stuff it around the knee and ankle joints to avoid pain caused by the bony protrusions pressing against the fixed wooden board.

[When to see a doctor]

Immediately after the fracture of the lower limbs, the patient should be sent to the hospital for examination and diagnosis.

[Friendly Reminder]

A calf fracture is most likely to occur in a car accident, and because of a violent impact on the knee, the power is transmitted to the thigh joint (hip joint), dislocation of the joint, the injured calf hurts, the thigh joint cannot move, and it hurts immediately. During first aid, two people should lift out of the car and lie on the ground or on a wooden board. Try not to move the injured limb of the patient.