What Is Human Givens?

Human evolution originated from the forest ancient apes, and evolved step by step from primates through a long evolutionary process. It has gone through four stages: ape human, primitive human, intelligent human, and modern human.

Human Evolution

Australopithecus is known as the "man in the making".

The ancient apes first appeared in southern eastern Africa. They evolved gradually from primitive apes and differentiated into lower apes (such as gibbons), higher apes (such as orangutans), and ancient apes. About 12 million years ago, crustal movement formed a large rift in the land of eastern Africa. The formation of the Great Rift Valley divides Africa into two separate animal systems, the East and the West. The barrier of the Great Rift Valley has become the key to the separation between humans and apes. The large environment, they do not need to make much changes to coordinate, it is destined that they are still in the ape stage, such as gorillas. East of the Great Rift

People have different views on the future of humankind.

The results of the scientists' research show an amazing trend: people on different continents are increasingly genetically different, rather than more and more similar. Their other major discovery was that 7% of the genes in the human genome are accelerating. ^[5]

Human evolution controversy

(1) Why can't we find human bones or bone fossils in various historical periods in the evolution process?

(2) In order to resist the invasion of nature and to resist wind chills in the course of human evolution, the fur on their bodies should be plump. Why did they return the fleece that resisted the chills? Why doesn't the fur of tropical animals degrade?

(3) In recent years, humans have found iron in coal stones, such as nails, steel bars, etc.

In the development of the natural sciences, if the above-mentioned problems cannot be provided with sufficient strong evidence, then the theory of human advancement will have many controversies. The existing human species is a single, non-transformable human primitive species.

Human evolution appendix

(Attached)

In 1990, research on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) found that women's mitochondrial DNA is the same regardless of black, red, yellow, and white. This proves that modern humans came from a common Homo sapiens ancestor. According to archaeological molecular biology calculations, they are African After a comprehensive calculation based on research on female mitochondrial DNA, male Y chromosome genes, and simian DNA, the more scientific and credible age of the common ancestors of humans was about 50,000 to 100,000 years ago; reproduction path: Africa- -> Asia ---> Europe-> Americas.

Note: DNA that only exists in the mitochondria in the cytoplasm. During fertilization, because the eggs contain a large number of mitochondria and the amount of sperm is very small, the mitochondria in the individual cells can be considered to come only from the mother. Mitochondrial DNA can be used to study maternal inheritance.

(Appendix 2).

In 1997, research and analysis based on mitochondrial DNA confirmed that Neanderthals did not belong to the evolutionary path of modern humans, that is, Neanderthals were another branch of humanity and had nothing to do with the ancestors of existing humans. The Neanderthal branch of humans was eliminated about 30,000 years ago by a new breed of humans from Africa: the late Homo sapiens and eventually died out.

But newer studies have shown that there is a 1% -4% genetic hybrid between purebred Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. ^[13]

(Appendix 3).

Genetic Y chromosome research proves that modern people in East Asia have a common African origin. About 50,000 years ago, the earliest Homo sapiens out of Africa entered the south of East Asia, and then with the gradual end of East Asia's glacial period, it gradually migrated northward in the next tens of thousands of years, entering the East Asian continent and spreading throughout China , North and Siberia. In other words: the ancestors of the Chinese entered Southeast China from Southeast Asia, then crossed the Yangtze River and entered the northern region. Another group of African Homo sapiens gradually entered the Pacific Islands from Southeast Asia. Then,

About 8,500 years ago, Hemudu culture sprouts in the Yangshao culture of China, the matrilineal clan commune, the early Neolithic period, and the era of the Chinese Three Emperors.

About 5,000 years ago, the patrilineal clan commune, the late Neolithic period, the legendary era of the Five Emperors of China, and the Egyptian pyramids appeared.

About 4,000 years ago, Xia, the first dynasty in Chinese history, appeared.

Note: The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome of 23 pairs of human chromosomes and is exclusively male. Therefore, the transmission method can only be from father to son.

(Appendix 4).

In 2003, a comparative analysis of Siberian and American Indian genes by American and British scientists showed that:

(1). 90% of Central American Indians and 50% of North American Indians are from the same father. Reproductive path: Northeast Siberia-> Land bridge through Bering Strait-> Alaska. At this time, among a group of Siberians from Northeast Asia, the chromosome Y chromosome of a Siberian man just changed, named " "M242", probably occurred 18,000 years ago (at this time is the most recent mid-to-late glacial period, the sea level moved down to make the Bering Strait connecting Siberia and Alaska accessible). In other words: the ancestor of the American Indians, Siberia People first entered the Americas no earlier than 18,000 years ago, and only the offspring of this man survived and reproduced. Later, their offspring slowly migrated south.

(2). Shortly thereafter, hundreds or thousands of years later, another group of Northeast Asians also came to Alaska, and their offspring multiplied to form the other half of the American Indians; but somehow stopped in North America and did not continue Southward migration.

(Attach 5)

Central Asia is the region with the highest genetic diversity among Eurasian populations. Of all the Eurasian human populations studied, the Central Asian population is the oldest human population on Eurasia, and it has the highest genetic diversity, especially the Uzbek population.

Central Asia is the ancestor of human groups in Siberia, the Americas and parts of Europe. This area was the origin of two major migration waves. After the Central Asian human population migrated north to Siberia, a branch migrated east to the Americas.

(Appendix 6).

The theory of multi-regional evolution advocated by China.

The theory of multi-regional evolution, that is, since the expansion of H. erectus from Africa to other continents in the world 2 million years ago, they have evolved independently into modern Africans, Asians, Oceanians, and Europeans. Gene communication.

For China, this means that after the East African Homo erectus entered China, the ancient humans in China continued to evolve, with a small amount of crossbreeding with foreign populations, namely: Beijing Ape (Homo erectus) (basically independent evolution) Beijing Early Intelligence People (basically independent evolution) Modern people (modern Chinese), that is, Beijing Ape-Man is an upright person from Africa, but has not been the first early Homo sapiens out of Africa for the second time, and the third late intellectuals out of Africa People eliminated and replaced, but have survived and evolved independently, and finally evolved into modern Chinese.

Some scholars believe that there have been fossil faults in East Asia (including China) according to the current 40,000-100,000 years, and the fault time is roughly consistent with the Quaternary Ice Age. In other words, early Homo sapiens in China was caused by a recent glacial period (about 75,000 years ago, a large-scale volcanic eruption occurred in Sumatra. Into the ice age), making most of the species in East Asia including China difficult to survive in this period due to the harsh climate.

However, in November 2007, two Homo sapiens and several mammal fossils were found in Homo sapiens cave of Mulian Mountain. In May 2008, another anterior fragment of Homo sapiens mandible was discovered. Based on the dating of the unearthed fossils, the mandible is about 111,000 years old.

Chongzuo's lower jaw is relatively primitive, showing primitive and progressive features mosaic, and it seems to represent a transitional type between an ancient sapiens and early modern people. Chongzuo mandible indicates that early modern humans experienced a certain degree of continuous evolution during the formation of East Asia. ^[4]

(Appendix 7).

Special case: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA extracted from human remains in Australia about 60,000 years ago found that it was not genetically linked to ancient DNA found in other parts of the world and believed to originate in early modern humans in Africa. This shows that the early modern people who appeared in Australia did not come from Africa.

Note: The living sapiens are divided into four major races. The Chinese, East Asians, and Indians of the Americas belong to the yellow race, also known as the Mongolian race; Europe, North Africa, and South Asia are white (Caucasian, also known as Europa); Africa is black (Nigero Race); brown race (Australian race) has been merged into black race