What Is Levamisole Hydrochloride?

Chinese name: levamisole hydrochloride

Levamisole hydrochloride

Chinese name: levamisole hydrochloride

Chinese alias: (S) -6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-imidazole [2,1-B] thiazole monohydrochloride; L-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro- 6-phenylimidazole [2,1-6] thiazole hydrochloride; insect repellent speed; levamisole; (S)-(-)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo [2,1-b] Thiazole hydrochloride; levamisole hydrochloride; L-2,3,5,6 tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo (2,1-B) thiazole hydrochloride; hydrochloric acid Levamisole ^[1]

This product is the levodosome of tetraimidazole, and its activity is about 1 to 2 times that of tetraimidazole (racemate), but its side effects are low. And the drug may have an inhibitory effect on the microtubule structure of the worm. L-imidazole also has immunomodulatory and immune-stimulating functions. It has good curative effect on roundworm, hookworm, roundworm and faecal roundworm disease.

Use with caution in patients with early pregnancy, abnormal liver function, and renal dysfunction. Liver and kidney function, active hepatitis, early pregnancy or pre-existing schistosomiasis are contraindicated.

Method name:

Determination of levamisole hydrochloride-potentiometric titration

Application:

This method uses potentiometric titration to determine the content of levamisole hydrochloride.

This method is applicable to levamisole hydrochloride.

Method principle:

The test product was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and ethanol was added to dissolve it, and then titrated with a sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.1mol / L) according to a potentiometric titration method. Read the amount of sodium hydroxide titrant used to calculate the content of levamisole hydrochloride.

Reagent:

1. Water (newly boiled to room temperature)

2. Sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.1mol / L)

3. Phenolphthalein indicator liquid

4. ethanol

5. Reference potassium phthalate

equipment:

Sample preparation:

1. Sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.1mol / L)

Preparation: Take 5.6mL of clear sodium hydroxide saturated solution, add freshly boiled cold water to 1000mL.

Calibration: Take about 0.6g of standard potassium hydrogen phthalate which is dried to constant weight at 105 ° C, weigh it accurately, add 50mL of freshly boiled cold water, shake it to dissolve it as much as possible; add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, use When this solution is titrated, when the end point is reached, potassium hydrogen phthalate should be completely dissolved and titrated until the solution becomes pink. Each 1mL of sodium hydroxide titration solution (1mol / L) is equivalent to 20.42mg of potassium hydrogen phthalate. Calculate the concentration of this solution based on the consumption of this solution and the amount of potassium hydrogen phthalate taken.

Storage: Put it in a polyethylene plastic bottle and keep it in a sealed container. There are 2 holes in the plug. One glass tube is inserted into the hole. One tube is connected to the soda lime tube. One tube is used to suck out the liquid.

2. Phenolphthalein indicator liquid

Take 1 g of phenolphthalein and add 100 mL of ethanol to dissolve.

Steps:

Approximately 0.2 g of the test product was accurately weighed, placed in a conical flask, and 20 mL of ethanol was added to dissolve it, and then titrated with a sodium hydroxide titration solution (0.1 mol / L) according to a potentiometric titration method, and the titration result was corrected by a blank test. Record the volume (mL) of sodium hydroxide titrant consumed. Each 1mL of sodium hydroxide titrant (0.1mol / L) is equivalent to 24.08mg of C11H12N2S · HCl.

Note 1: "Precision weighing" means that the weighed weight should be accurate to one thousandth of the weight. Precision requirements.

references:

Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, compiled by the National Pharmacopoeia Committee, Chemical Industry Press, 2005 edition, Part Two, p.476.

Drug Name

Common name: Levamisole Hydrochloride Tablets

Product Name: Levamisole Hydrochloride Tablets

English name:

Full Pinyin: YanSuanZuoXuanMiZuoPian

[Main ingredients] The main ingredient of this product is levamisole hydrochloride. Chemical name: (S)-(-)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo [2,1-b] thiazole hydrochloride Molecular formula: C11H12N2S & middot; HCl Molecular weight: 240.76

[Ingredients]

chemical name:

Molecular formula:

Molecular weight:

[Character] This product is a white tablet or a sugar-coated tablet. It appears white after removing the coating.

[Introduction / Commodity effect] It has good curative effect on roundworm, hookworm, roundworm and faecal roundworm disease. Due to the high efficiency of a single dose of this product, it is suitable for collective treatment. It has higher activity against F. banneri, F. malei and onchocerca adult and microfilariae, but it has a poor long-term effect.

[Specification model] 25mg * 100s

Dosage
1. Deworming: Oral, 3/5 ~ 1 tablet / 10kg for adults, and fasting or before bedtime, the dosage for children is 1 tablet / 10kg.
2. Hookworm repellent: Oral, 3/5 ~ 1 tablet / 10kg, once a night, even for 3 days.
3. Treatment of filariasis: 1 ~ 2 tablets / 10kg, divided into 2 ~ 3 times, even for 3 days.

[Adverse reactions] Generally mild. Have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc. A few may have taste disorders, fatigue, dizziness, headache, joint pain, confusion, insomnia, fever, flu-like syndrome, blood pressure reduction, vasculitis, rash, photosensitive dermatitis, etc., occasionally See proteinuria. Individuals can see granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a few even have agranulocytosis (often reversible), which often occurs in patients with rheumatism or tumors. Can also cause immediate hair and Arthus's allergic reactions, which may be atopic reactions caused by stimulation of T cells. Individual cases have ataxia, paresthesia, or blurred vision.

[Contraindications] Liver and kidney dysfunction, active hepatitis, early pregnancy or previous schistosomiasis are contraindicated.

Precautions
1. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are likely to induce agranulocytosis after taking this product;
2. Use with caution in patients with Sjogren's syndrome;
3. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome receive this product. After taking 2 tablets daily in the first week, 4 tablets daily in the second week, and 6 tablets daily in the third week, most side effects such as erythema papularis, Aggravated joint pain with swelling, myalgia, influenza-like syndrome, insomnia, and confusion, etc., and then the above symptoms can be reproduced after the amount of attack.

[Children's medication] This experiment has not been performed and there are no reliable references.

[Medication for elderly patients] This experiment has not been performed and there are no reliable references.

[Medication for pregnant and lactating women] This experiment has not been performed and there are no reliable references.

[Drug interactions] 1. Combined with thiapyrimidine can treat severe hookworm infections and improve the effect of repellent American hookworm. 2. Combined with thiabendazole can treat mixed infection of intestinal nematodes. 3. Sequential application with ethiazine citrate can treat filariasis infection. 4. Should not be combined with tetrachloroethylene to avoid increasing its toxicity.

[Drug overdose] This experiment has not been performed and there are no reliable references.

[Pharmacology and toxicology] This product is L-tetrazole of tetraimidazole, which can selectively inhibit succinate dehydrogenase in the muscles of the worm body, so that fumaric acid cannot be reduced to succinic acid, which affects the anaerobic metabolism of the worm body muscle and reduces energy produce. When the worm body comes into contact with it, it can depolarize the neuromuscular muscles, causing muscles to contract continuously and causing paralysis; the pseudocholine effect of the drug is beneficial to the worm body's excretion. Its activity is about 1 to 2 times that of tetraimidazole (racemate), and its side effects are low. The drug may have an inhibitory effect on the microtubule structure of the worm. L-imidazole also has immunomodulatory and immune-stimulating functions.

[Pharmacokinetics] It is quickly absorbed after oral administration. Within 2 hours after taking 6 tablets, the blood concentration reaches a peak (500mg / ml), and T1 / 2 is 4 hours. Metabolized in the liver, this product and its metabolites can be excreted from urine (mostly), feces and respiratory tract, and can also be measured in milk.