What Is Platelet Apheresis?

Thrombocytopenia refers to a platelet count in the blood of <100 × 109 / L. Thrombocytopenia is seen in a variety of hematological diseases, rheumatoid immune diseases, chemoradiotherapy injuries, and drug-related thrombocytopenia. Different clinical manifestations can occur depending on the degree of thrombocytopenia: skin bleeding points, ecchymosis, bleeding gums, epistaxis, and severe hemorrhage can occur in organs such as vomiting blood, melena, hematuria, and cerebral hemorrhage.

Basic Information

English name: thrombocytopenia
Visiting department: Hematology
Common causes: Hematological diseases, drug factors, autoimmune diseases, etc.

Common symptoms: Mild cases may have skin bleeding points, bruising, bleeding gums, epistaxis, etc.

Causes of thrombocytopenia

Reduced platelet production

(1) Heritability, such as Fanconi anemia, congenital malformation without megakaryocyte thrombocytopenia, and May-Hegglin abnormalities

(2) Acquired aplastic anemia, bone marrow infiltration (malignant tumor bone marrow metastasis, leukemia, bone marrow fibrosis, tuberculosis), chemotherapy drugs, radiation, megakaryocyte regeneration disorder, viral infection (measles, mumps), affecting platelets The resulting drugs (such as alcohol), vitamin B ₁₂ , and folic acid deficiency.

2. Increased platelet destruction caused by non-immune factors

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, pregnancy, infection, hemangio-thrombocytopenia syndrome, snake bite, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe burns, etc.

3. Increased platelet destruction caused by immune factors

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, HIV infection, periodic thrombocytopenia, drug-induced thrombocytopenia (heparin, quinine, quinidine, antipyretic analgesics, penicillin, cephalosporin antibiotics, rifampicin, furosemide, Carbamazepine, sodium valproate, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, phenytoin sodium, etc.), thrombocytopenia after blood transfusion.

4. Abnormal platelet distribution

Hypersplenism and cooling.

5. Platelet loss

Hemorrhage, extracorporeal perfusion, hemodialysis.

6. Other

False thrombocytopenia.

Clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia

Skin bleeding

Bleeding spots, purpura, and bruising.

2. Gingival bleeding

Gingival hemorrhage is common in normal people and dental diseases. Therefore, repeated bleeding or difficulty in hemostasis after bleeding often indicate hemorrhagic diseases such as thrombocytopenia.

3. Oral mucosal blood blister.

4. Allergic rhinitis

Rhinorrhea can occasionally occur in normal people, but epistaxis with other bleeding symptoms often indicates bleeding disorders.

5. Joint bleeding, hematoma of muscle and deep tissue

Thrombocytopenia alone causes joint and muscle bleeding are rare.

6. Gastrointestinal bleeding

Can manifest as vomiting blood, blood in the stool, melena and so on.

7. Urinary tract bleeding

May be microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria.

8. Menstruation.

9. Retinal bleeding.

10. Central Nervous System Bleeding