What is evapotranspiration?
The term evapotranspiration combines two words: evaporation water from the soil and transpiration water from plants to air. Evapotranspiration means a total loss of water from the crop to the air. The water evaporates from any wet surface into the air unless the air is saturated. Water surfaces in contact with air such as lakes, leaves of plants and moist soils, all evaporate water. The water moves from wet soil to the roots of the plants, up through the plant and leaves through the stomata. Evapotranspiration is freely called the use of water .
Crop water is important because it determines how much water must be ensured by irrigation or rain. If there is too little water, the yield can be reduced. If there is too much irrigation, it will waste energy, water and nutrients and unnecessary aquifer.
Water has three functions in plants. It cools and moisturizes them and is also necessary for nutrient transmission. Less than 1% water remains in plant tissue. Given thatU that water accounts for 90% of the weight of most crops, it may seem surprising, but plants use water for other purposes.
The weather is the main factor of evapotranspiration. The surface temperature of plants and soil is almost air temperature temperature. Brighter sunlight means that plants must evaporate more water through evapotranspiration to maintain their temperature almost normal. If the air is dry and hot, with a strong wind, then the crops lose water faster. If the air is higher temperature, if there is more solar energy and lower humidity, more water evaporates from the plants and if the wind speed occurs faster.
Evapotranspiration is estimated by means of using the formulas. There are computer software programs that help people estimate evapotranspiration. Radio, newspapers and network services often report reports of potential numbers of evapotranspiration. There is also Referring to crops , which compares the rate of evapotranspiration of reference crops of plants on the same types of crops grown by other individuals.
soil water and crop water are very important for the evapotranspiration of crops and critical for irrigation control. Soil characteristics determine how firmly it can maintain water and how quickly water can replace absorbed water in crops. The depth of the plant root controls the amount of water available for the crop for evapotranspiration. The main objective of irrigation is to prevent the availability of soil water in limiting evapotranspiration.