What Are the Different Parts of the Medulla Oblongata?

Such as an inverted conical shape, the lower boundary is connected with the spinal cord at the level of the foramen magnum, and the ventral side of the upper boundary is separated from the pontine by a horizontal groove. The shape of the medulla oblongata is similar to that of the spinal cord. The sulcus is a continuation of the spinal cord and other sulci. On the ventral side, there is a vertical bulge on each side of the anterior median fissure, called a cone. It is composed of the fibers of the corticospinal tract. . Below the cone, 70 to 90% of the fibers cross left and right, which is called the cone cross. On the outer side of the cone, there is a pair of oval-shaped ridges, called the olive body. The space between the two is anterior lateral groove, and the hypoglossal nerve root comes out of the brain. In the longitudinal groove outside the olive body, the glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and accessory nerve roots emerge from the brain from top to bottom. On the dorsal side, there are a pair of protrusions on both sides of the posterior median sulcus, called thin bundle nodules (rod-shaped bodies). It is an enlarged part of the thin bundle that continues upwards. On the outside of the thin bundle nodule, there is another pair of protrusions, called wedge bundle nodule, which is an enlarged part of the wedge bundle extending upward, and its wedge bundle nucleus is on the deep side. Above and outside the wedge bundle nodule, there are a pair of cerebellar lower feet or rope-like bodies, which are thick fiber bundles composed of fibers that enter the cerebellum.

Such as an inverted conical shape, the lower boundary is connected with the spinal cord at the level of the foramen magnum, and the ventral side of the upper boundary is separated from the pontine by a horizontal groove. The dorsal side forms the lower half of the diamond-shaped fossa. The shape of the medulla oblongata is similar to that of the spinal cord. The sulcus is a continuation of the spinal cord and other sulci. On the ventral side, there is a vertical bulge on each side of the anterior median fissure, called a cone. It is composed of the fibers of the corticospinal tract. . Below the cone, 70 to 90% of the fibers cross left and right, which is called the cone cross. On the outer side of the cone, there is a pair of oval-shaped ridges, called the olive body. The space between the two is anterior lateral groove, and the hypoglossal nerve root comes out of the brain. In the longitudinal groove outside the olive body, the glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and accessory nerve roots emerge from the brain from top to bottom. On the dorsal side, there are a pair of protrusions on both sides of the posterior median sulcus, called thin bundle nodules (rod-shaped bodies). It is an enlarged part of the thin bundle that extends upwards, and its thin face has a thin bundle nucleus. On the outside of the thin bundle nodule, there is another pair of protrusions, called wedge bundle nodule, which is an enlarged part of the wedge bundle extending upward, and its wedge bundle nucleus is on the deep side. Above and outside the wedge bundle nodule, there are a pair of cerebellar lower feet or rope-like bodies, which are thick fiber bundles composed of fibers that enter the cerebellum.

Chinese name

Medulla oblongata

Foreign name

medulla oblongata

Alias

Yannao

Function

Handle sensory and athletic messaging

Location

Right in front of the cerebellum

Shape

Inverted cone

Pinyin

Yan Sui

Rostral inner structure:

The inner structure of the medulla oblongata is similar to that of the spinal cord. There are fiber bundles connecting the spinal cord and the brain. There are also four pairs of motor nucleus and terminating nucleus of the brain nerves of the pharyngeal, vagus, para, and sublingual. The relationship between the gray matter and white matter of the bulbus gradually changes from the spinal cord upward. Firstly, the pyramidal intersection appears at the lower end of the medulla, which cuts off the anterior horn of gray matter; secondly, the mastoid intersection appears at the upper part of the medulla oblongata; the third is the opening of the medulla, where the formation of olive bodies and ropes appears; its four central tubes Open, the central gray matter of the spinal cord forms the gray matter at the bottom of the fourth ventricle, which contains the brain nucleus. Finally, the gray matter at the bottom of the fourth ventricle and the lower olive nucleus separate the gray matter due to vertical and horizontal fibers to form a reticular structure.

Rostral Physiological Function:

The main function of the medulla oblongata is to regulate visceral activity. Many basic centers (such as breathing, circulation, digestion, etc.) necessary to maintain life are concentrated in the medulla oblongata. Once these parts are damaged, they often cause rapid death. Therefore, the medulla oblongata has a "life center". Called. If the medulla oblongata remains intact, even if the upper part is injured, breathing, circulation and other functions can be temporarily maintained without causing immediate death.

Bilateral medullary infarction:

(I) Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is located at the lower end of the brainstem. Because its blood supply is more abundant than other parts of the brainstem, the chance of infarcting the medulla oblongata is less than that of the pontine and midbrain. The medulla oblongata accounts for less than 5% of the posterior circulation infarction. Arterial occlusion is related, while bilateral medial medulla infarction is mostly caused by occlusion of one vertebral artery with vascular mutation.

(Two) clinical manifestations:

Main symptoms and signs: weakness in the limbs, coughing with drinking water, difficulty swallowing, and dysphonia, abnormalities in the depths, hemiplegia, dyspnea, and disturbance of consciousness.

(Three) imaging performance:

MRI scans revealed long T1 and T2 signals on the medial side of the medulla oblongata, and diffuse weighted imaging showed high signals with a characteristic "cardioid" appearance.